Immunological Influences of the Calendula officinalis Tea Treatment in Dairy Cows

Abstract

The influence of environmental factors and growth technologies has a substantial impact on health and immunization of animals following antigenic stimulation, so the way vaccine protection is provided cannot be evaluated outside the habitat framework. Medicinal plants have often been used to augment the immune response in humans or animals. In the case of bovine, due to technologies where access to grazing is increasingly available, the animals can benefit directly from the adjuvant influences of medicinal plants in the spontaneous flora. This research aimed at quantifying the effects of orally administered Calendula officinalis aqueous extract (tea) on the innate and adaptive cell-mediated immunity under vaccination conditions, trying to define its immune modulating effect in young bovine. For that, an experiment was performed by administering Calendula officinalis tea perorally to a batch of bovine vaccinated with a complex vaccine for a week post vaccination. On days 0, 7 and 14, in vitro leukocytes blast transformation, and the stress level expressed by the N / L ratio were determined. Vaccination is a stressful event for animals, however, the animals subjected to tea treatment had a higher initial N/L index, which decreased considerably, supporting the decrease in the level of stress by administering marigold tea. The in vitro capacity of the mononuclear cells sampled from the marigold tea treated group was higher towards the standard mitogens PHA M and LPS (p<0.01-p<0.05). Both Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea alcoholic extract acted stimulating, both when compared to the untreated control and in vitro alcohol treated cultures (solvent control). The experimental results indicated that the Calendula officinalis tea has detectable immunological activity in cattle after oral administration for one week. It’s administration to dairy cows facilitated the reduction of post-vaccination stress, thus proving its usefulness in amplifying the immune response under antigenic stimulation conditions. The active principles in Calendula officinalis tea caused a continuous active increase in cell-mediated immunity, as observed by the blast transformation test, suggesting further studies for tailored treatment.

Keywords

• systemic immunity
• tea
• Calendula officinalis
• dairy cows
• vaccination

References

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