DIFFERENTIATED IN VITRO LYSOZYME ACTIVITY IN AVES AND MAMMALIA IN RESPONSE TO SEABUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES) STIMULATION

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 127 - 134

Vasiu Aurel , Carmen Sandru , Emoke Pall , Florina Marian , Diana Olah , Emilia Ungureanu , Marina Spinu

https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.1520496

Abstract

Lysozyme, an intrinsic component of the immune system, is a naturally occurring enzyme with antimicrobial activity (Khorshidian et al., 2022), by hydrolyzing the muramyl dipeptide in the bacteria cell wall. Considered to be an endogenous antibiotic, it differs by species (Ferraboschi et al., 2021). Some of the medicinal plants were cited to inhibit the anti-lysozyme activity and biofilm formation by bacteria (Bukharin et al., 2003).
The aim of this research was to evaluate the differences in the in vitro activity of lysozyme between the classes Aves and Mammalia when treated with a protein-carotenoid extract of Hypopphae rhamnoides compared to well-known immune modulating preparations (selenium or selenium and copper compounds).
The investigations were carried out on serum samples from: a) commercial broiler chickens aged 34 days (n = 19) and b) 5-month-old Supercunirom breed male rabbits (n = 19). The agar gel radial immune diffusion method and the Micrococcus lysodeicticus test strain were used to define the in vitro lysozyme activity. The sera were mixed with serial dilutions (1:2, 1:4, etc.) of the tested compounds. The groups were compared by Student’s t test for statistical significance of the results. He increase in activity (%) versus control were calculated.
Sea buckthorn extract significantly (t= 7.22, p < 0.001) decreased the in vitro activity of lysozyme at both dilutions used (1:2, 1:4). The concentration of serum lysozyme was higher in rabbits than in chickens and its lytic activity was enhanced by selenium and copper combinations in chickens (183.69 ± 37.91%) and less in rabbits (128.45 ± 84.10%) in a dose dependent manner. At lower dilutions (3:4), the lysozyme activity remained below that of the control treated with saline.
The protein-carotenoid extract of sea buckthorn acted inhibiting on lysozyme activity, proving the need for tailored extraction and treatment protocols depending on the bacteria and host species.

Keywords

Aves, Mammalia, sea-buckthorn, lysozyme, innate immune response

Ethical Statement

The animals involved in the experiment were subjected to blood sampling only once, with care for their welfare and health, the minimal amount of blood being sampled from each individual. The procedure used for sampling was the usual one for current checks in the tested species on antibody titers against infectious diseases, approved by the National Veterinary and Food Safety Authority.

Supporting Institution

University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Thanks

The authors wish to thank for laboratory assistance to biotechnologist eng. Elena Marian and for technical support to senior technician Traian Jucan.

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