Astımlı Çocuklara Hastalık Yönetimi İle İlgili Uygulanan Girişimlerin Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme

Abstract

Bu çalışma astımlı çocuklarda hastalık yönetim programları ile ilgili literatürü incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Literatür incelemesinde “asthma” and “children” and “disease management” and “nursing” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane ve Wiley veri tabanlarından tarama yapılmıştır. Toplam 2282 makale belirlenmiştir. Tarama, yayın yılı 2013-2020 arası, yayın dili İngilizce ve tarama alanı başlık, özet ve anahtar kelimeler olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Dahil edilme ve çıkarılma kriterlerine uygun 10 makale değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalar yazar adı-soyadı, yayımlandığı yıl, ülke ve dergi, çalışma tasarımı, amaç, örneklem, yöntem, sonuç ve veri tabanı olarak sentez edilmiştir. Çalışmaların 6’sı randomize kontrollü deneysel çalışma, 3’ü ön test-son test tek gruplu yarı deneysel çalışma, 1’i prospektif randomize kontrollü pilot çalışmadır. Katılımcıların yaşları 2-18 yaş arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmaların büyük kısmı eğitim temelli girişimlerdir. Uygulanan girişimler çocuklarda hastalık şiddetini, fiziksel kısıtlılığı, okul devamsızlığını, acil servis başvurusunu ve hastaneye yatış sıklığını azaltmış; uyku kalitesi, hastalık öz yönetimi, hastalık bilgi düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesini artırmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu veriler astımlı çocuklarda hastalık yönetimini artırmaya yönelik çeşitli müdahalelerin etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle pediatri hemşireleri ve okul sağlığı hemşirelerinin astımlı çocukların semptom kontrolü ile ilgili yaşadığı sorunları belirleyerek çok yönlü müdahale girişimleri planlaması önerilir.

Keywords

• Astım
• çocuk
• hastalık yönetimi
• hemşirelik

The Effect of Interventions on Disease Management for Children with Asthma: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the literature on disease management programs in children with asthma. In the literature review, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane and Wiley databases were searched by using the keywords "asthma" and "children" and "disease management" and "nursing". Toplam 2282 makale belirlenmiştir. The search is limited to the publication year 2013-2020, the publication language is English, and the search area is title, abstract and keywords. Ten articles which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated. The analyzed studies were synthesized as author name-surname, year of publication, country and journal, study design, purpose, sample, method, result and database. 6 of the studies were randomized controlled experimental study, 3 were pretest-posttest one-group quasi-experimental study, and 1 was a prospective randomized controlled pilot study. The ages of the participants range from 2 to 18 years. Most of the studies are education-based initiatives. The implemented initiatives reduced the severity of the disease, physical limitation, school absenteeism, emergency service admissions, and the frequency of hospitalization in children; increased sleep quality, disease self-management, disease knowledge level and quality of life. In conclusion, these data show that various interventions to improve disease management in children with asthma are effective. For this reason, it is recommended that pediatric nurses and school health nurses plan multi-faceted intervention attempts by identifying the problems which the children with asthma experience regarding symptom control.

Keywords

• Asthma
• child
• disease management
• nursing

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