Covid-19 pandemisinin bir yıl öncesinde ve ilk yılında Türk gazetelerinde ergen kızlara ve genç kadınlara yönelik bildirilen şiddet

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemisinin insan üzerindeki olumsuz sağlık sonuçları tüm dünyada haber medyası tarafından bildirilse de Türkiye gibi ülkelerde rolü tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışma, Türk gazete medyasında ergen kızlara ve genç kadınlara yönelik fiziksel, cinsel ve ölümcül şiddet olaylarının zaman içinde bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler, Mart 2019 ile Mart 2021 arasında, bir yıldan önce ve Covid-19 pandemisinin ilk yılında yayınlanan fiziksel, cinsel ve ölümcül şiddete ilişkin gazete basınında çıkan haberler aracılığıyla toplandı. 3165 gazete haberinden 483'ünde (%15,3) mağdurlar 18 yaşın altındaydı ve yaş ortalaması 13.0±4.5 idi. Çalışma süresi boyunca, yakın bir partnerin neden olduğu fiziksel şiddet önemli ölçüde arttı (2020'de %32,6'dan 2021'de %40,6'ya). Lojistik regresyon analizi ayrıca, yakın bir partner olmanın fiziksel şiddetle ilişkili tek faktör olduğunu gösterdi (OR = 8.1, %95 GA 5.21-12.60, p <0.001). Türkiye'de yakın partner şiddetinin yaygınlığı göz önüne alındığında, gazete basınında Covid-19 salgını sırasında ortaya çıkabilecek hayati sorunları vurgulayan haberler, düşük kaynaklı bir ortamda iyi bir izleme aracı olabilir. Ergen kızlara yönelik şiddetin yakın bir partnerin neden olduğu tehlikeli sonuçlar konusunda kamuoyunun ve politika yapıcıların farkındalığının artırılmasında haber medyasının kapasitesinin geliştirilmesi bu konuda yararlı bir yaklaşım olabilir.

Keywords

• Covid-19 pandemisi
• Yakın partner şiddeti
• Ergen kız
• Türkiye

Violence against adolescent girls and young women reported in Turkish newspapers, before one year and in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

Although the negative health consequences on human being caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is reported by the news media globally, its role is not well understood in countries like Turkey. This study provides an assessment over time of the events of Turkish newspaper media reported physical, sexual and lethal violence against adolescent girls and young women. Data for the study was collected through newspaper media reports on physical, sexual and lethal violence that published between March 2019 and March 2021, before one year and in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. In 483 (15.3%) of 3165 newspaper media reports the victims were under the age of 18 and the mean age was 13.0±4.5 years. During the study period, physical violence caused by an intimate partner has significantly raised (from 32.6% in 2020 to 40.6% in 2021). Logistic regression analysis also showed that being an intimate partner was the only factor associated with physical violence (OR = 8.1, 95% CI 5.21-12.60, p < 0.001). Given the prevalence of intimate partner violence in Turkey, newspaper media reports highlighting vital issues that may arise during the Covid-19 pandemic can be a good monitoring tool in a low-resource setting. In raising of the public and policymakers’ awareness about the danger consequences of violence against adolescent girls caused by an intimate partner, capacity building of the news media might be a useful approach on this issue.

Keywords

• Covid-19 pandemic
• Intimate partner violence
• Adolescent girl
• Turkey

References

1. Bhatia, A., Fabbri, C., Turoff, I., Turner, E., Lokot, M., Warriaand, A., & Al., E. (2020). Comment: Beyond children as “invisible carriers”: The implications of COVID-19 response measures on violence against children [online]. https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/98/9/20-263467/en/. Accessed 26 March 2022
2. Blake, M. de T., Drezett, J., Vertamatti, M. A., Adami, F., Valenti, V. E., Paiva, A. C., Viana, J. M., Pedroso, D., & de Abreu, L. C. (2014). Characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. BMC Women’s Health, 14(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-15
3. Boserup, B., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(12), 2753–2755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.077
4. Calikoglu, E., Atila, D., & Akturk, Z. (2021). Family physicians in an Eastern Turkish City need training on child abuse and neglect: A cross-sectional study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24(12), 1766. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_678_20
5. Erman, T. (2001). Rural migrants and patriarchy in Turkish cities. Int J Urban Reg Res, 25(1), 118–133. European Commission Directorate-General for Justice. (2011). Feasibility study to assess the possibilities, opportunities and needs to standardise national legislation on violence against women, violence against children and sexual orientation violence. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2758/3026. Accessed 26 March 2022
6. European Institute for Gender Equality. (2017). Gender Equality Index 2017—Measuring gender equality in the European Union 2005-2015. https://doi.org/10.2839/707843. Accessed 10 January 2022
7. Fairclough, N. (2001). Discourse, common sense and ideology. In Language and Power (2nd ed., p. 27). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838250
8. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8

9. Memmi, S. (2015). Gender dynamics in Palestinian society: domestic and political violence. In Y. Djamba & S. Kimuna (Eds.), Gender-based violence (pp. 145–166). Springer.
10. Mittal, S., & Singh, T. (2020). Gender-Based Violence During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 1(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2020.00004
11. Orsel, S., Karadag, H., Karaoglan-Kahilogullari, A., & Akgun-Aktas, E. (2011). The frequency of childhood trauma and relationship with psychopathology in psychiatric patients. Anatolian J Psychiatr, 12, 130–136.
12. Ramabu, N. M. (2020). The extent of child sexual abuse in Botswana: hidden in plain sight. Heliyon, 6(4), e03815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03815
13. Saewyc, E. M., Miller, B. B., Rivers, R., Matthews, J., Hilario, C., & Hirakata, P. (2013). Competing discourses about youth sexual exploitation in Canadian news media. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 22(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2013.2041
14. Taub, A. (2020). A new Covid-19 crisis: Domestic abuse rises worldwide. The New York Times, 6.
15. Tıraş, Ü., Dilli, D., Dallar, Y., & Oral, R. (2009). Evaluation and follow-up of cases diagnosed as child abuse and neglect at a tertiary hospital in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 39, 969–977. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-0805-30
16. United Nations. (1993). Declaration on the elimination of violence against women. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.21_declaration elimination vaw.pdf. Accessed 26 March 2022
17. United Nations. (2018). The sustainable development goals report. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/thesustainabledevelopmentgoalsreport2018-en.pdf. Accessed 26 March 2022
18. United Nations. (2020). Intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Report of the secretary-general. UN Women. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/07/a-75-274-sg-report-ending-violence-against-women-and-girls. Accessed 26 March 2022
19. Ustuner Top, F., & Cam, H. H. (2021). Childhood maltreatment among university students in Turkey: prevalence, demographic factors, and health-related quality of life consequences. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26(5), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1768274
20. World Health Organization. (2019). Intimate partner violence. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/gho/%0Awomen_and_health/violence/intimate_partner_text/en/.2019. Accessed 12 March 2021