Periodontal Hastalıklar: Başlıca Risk Faktörleri

Abstract

Periodontal hastalıklar yetişkinlerde yaygın olarak görülen hastalıklar arasındadır. Hastalık prevalansı dünya genelinde %20 ile %50 arasındadır. Diş eti ve dişleri çevreleyen yapıların iltihaplanması ile karakterize olup, tedavi edilmediğinde diş hareketliliğini ve diş kaybı riskini artırabilen bir durum meydana gelebilmektedir. Ağız ve diş hastalıklarının oluşumunda bireyin beslenme durumu ve besin seçimi dahil olmak üzere yaşam tarzı önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları oral kaviteyi etkilerken aynı zamanda yetersiz ağız sağlığı da yemek yemeyi ve sürdürülebilir beslenmeyi etkileyebilir. Periodontal hastalıklar bakteriler ve konak yanıtı arasındaki sürekli etkileşimleri içeren çok yönlü kronik bir hastalıktır. Periodontal hastalıkların oluşumuna sebep olan çok sayıda risk faktörü bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, sigara kullanımı, yetersiz ağız hijyeni, obezite, gebelik gibi değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri ile genetik hastalıklar, yaş ve kalıtım gibi değiştirilemeyen risk faktörleri olarak alt bölümlere ayrılabilir. Bu derlemede literatür bilgileri doğrultusunda periodontal hastalıkları etkileyen birçok risk faktörü arasından; değiştirilemez etkilerden genetik faktörler ve beslenme başta olmak üzere değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinden bahsedilmiştir.

Keywords

• periodontal hastalıklar
• genetik
• beslenme
• vitamin
• mineraller

Periodontal Diseases: Major Risk Factors

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are among the common diseases in adults. The prevalence of the disease is between 20% and 50% worldwide. It is characterised by inflammation of the structures surrounding the gums and teeth, which can increase tooth mobility and the risk of tooth loss when left untreated. Lifestyle, including nutritional status and food selection has an important effect on the formation of oral and dental diseases. While dietary habits affect the oral cavity, poor oral health can also affect eating and sustainable nutrition. Periodontal disease is a multifaceted chronic disease involving continuous interactions between bacteria and host response. There are many risk factors that contribute to the development of periodontal disease. These can be subdivided into modifiable risk factors such as smoking, inadequate oral hygiene, obesity, pregnancy and non-modifiable risk factors such as genetic diseases, age and heredity. In this review, among the many risk factors affecting periodontal diseases in line with the literature; Among the non-modifiable effects, modifiable risk factors, especially genetic factors and nutrition, were mentioned.

Keywords

• periodontal diseases
• genetics
• nutrition
• vitamins
• minerals

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