Erkek Üreme Sisteminde Eksozomların Potansiyel Rolü

Abstract

İnfertilite hem erkekler de hem de kadınlarda görülebilen bir üreme sistemi bozukluğudur ve küresel bir sağlık sorunu haline gelmiştir. İnfertil vakaların yaklaşık %50'sinin erkek üreme bozukluklarından kaynaklandığı bilinmektedir. Eksozomlar, çok çeşitli hücreler tarafından salgılanan ve semen de dahil olmak üzere biyolojik sıvılarda bol miktarda bulunan nano boyutlu membran vezikülleridir. Lipidler, proteinler, mikroRNA'lar ve mRNA'lar içerirler ve hücre içi iletişimde önemli rol oynadıkları bilinmektedir. Seminal eksozomlar esas olarak epididimozomları ve prostasomları içerir. Yapılan çalışmalar, eksozomların üreme süreçlerini düzenlemede merkezi bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Eksozom tedavisinin kullanımı, hastalarda infertilite tedavisinde önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu membran veziküllerin biyolojik sıvılardaki miktarı, fizyolojik ve patolojik durumlarla bağlantılı olabilir. Seminal plazmanın ve seminal eksozomların moleküler bileşimi, vezikül trafiği ve spermatozoa ile füzyonunu kimin düzenlediği ve sperm fizyolojisindeki eksozomal işlevlerin neler olduğu hala belirsizliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. Bu derleme, eksozomların erkek üreme sistemi üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmaya odaklanmaktadır. Bu konudaki güncel araştırma bulguları analiz edilerek, erkek üreme sağlığı üzerindeki eksozomların katkısı hakkındaki bilgiler vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

• eksozom
• erkek infertilitesi
• spermatogenez
• sertoli hücresi
• leydig hücresi

Potential Role of Exosomes in the Male Reproductive System

Abstract

Infertility is a reproductive disorder that can affect both men and women and has become a global health problem. Approximately 50% of infertile cases are known to be caused by male reproductive disorders. Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles secreted by a wide variety of cells and abundant in biological fluids, including semen. They contain lipids, proteins, microRNAs, and mRNAs and are known to play important roles in intracellular communication. Seminal exosomes mainly contain epididymosomes and prostasomes. Studies show that exosomes play a central role in regulating reproductive processes. The use of exosome therapy has significant potential in the treatment of infertility in patients. The amount of these membrane vesicles in biological fluids can be linked to physiological and pathological conditions. The molecular composition of seminal plasma and seminal exosomes, who regulates vesicle trafficking and fusion with spermatozoa, and what are the exosomal functions in sperm physiology remain unclear. This review focuses on discussing the effects of exosomes on the male reproductive system. By analysing current research findings on this topic, the knowledge on the contribution of exosomes to male reproductive health is highlighted.

Keywords

• exosome
• male infertility
• spermatogenesis
• sertoli cell
• leydig cell

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