<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>çukurova tarım gıda bil. der.</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2636-7874</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2630-6034</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Çukurova Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Agricultural Engineering (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Characterization of Agro-Morphological Traits of Local Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Genotypes Collections from Five Mediterranean Countries under Adana Conditions</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Akdeniz Havzasındaki Ülkelerden Toplanmış Yerel Makarnalık Buğday Triticum durum L Genotiplerinin Adana Koşullarında AgroMorfolojik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2485</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çakır</surname>
                                    <given-names>Esra</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Çukurova Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20241230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>39</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>479</fpage>
                                        <lpage>496</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20240912">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20241118">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>18</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1973, Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1973</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study, conducted during the 2018-2019 growing season, aimed to determine the agro-morphological, grain, and quality traits of a diverse range of 1296 local durum wheat genotypes from five countries (Algeria, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey). The experiments were conducted at the Field Crops Research and Application Area of the Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University in Adana, using an alpha lattice design with two replications. Results of the study showed that number of days to heading for local durum wheat varied from 120.20 to 122.34 days, plant height ranged from 96.04 to 114.40 cm, peduncle length ranged from 24.72 to 27.58 cm, spike length ranged from 7.47 to 8.63 cm, spikelet number per spike varied from 23.95 to 25.19, grain number per spike ranged from 41.25 to 50.84, grain weight per spike ranged from 1.83 to 2.35 g, and the TKW ranged from 41.76 to 48.84 g. Results of the variance analysis indicated that origin countries of genotypes statistically significant affected traits examined. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the studied genotypes indicating significant variations in the studied agro-morphological traits could serve as a genetic resource for developing new durum wheat varieties adapted to global climate changes.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, 2018-2019 buğday yetiştirme sezonunda, Akdeniz’e kıyısı olan 5 ülkeye ait (Cezayir, Fas, Suriye, Tunus ve Türkiye) 1296 adet yerel makarnalık buğday genotipinin agro-morfolojik, dane ve kalite özelliklerinin saptanması amacıyla Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Araştırma alanında alfa latis deneme desenine göre iki tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. İncelenen özelliklerle ilgili veriler kullanılarak yapılan varyans analizi sonuçları, incelenen özelliklerin makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin orijin ülkelerine göre istatistiki olarak farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada; yerel makarnalık buğdaylar genotiplerinde başaklanma süresinin 120.20 - 122.34 gün, bitki boyunun 96.04 - 114.40 cm, üst boğum arası (pedinkul) uzunluğunun 24.72 - 27.58 cm, başak uzunluğunun 7.47 - 8.63 cm, başaktaki başakçık sayısının 23.95 - 25.19 adet, başakta dane sayısının 41.25 - 50.84 adet, başakta dane ağırlığının 1.83-2.35 g ve bindane ağırlığının 41.76-48.84 g arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, incelenen makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin incelenen özellikler açısından geniş bir varyasyon gösterdikleri, bu bulguların ışığında söz konusu genotiplerin küresel iklim değişikliklerine uygun yeni makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin geliştirilebilmesi için gen kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Makarnalık Buğday</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yerel Çeşit</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Akdeniz Ülkeleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Agro-morfolojik Özellikler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Varyasyon</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Durum Wheat</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Local Variety</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mediterranean Country</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Agro-morphological Traits</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Variation</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                                            <award-id>FYL-2019-11954</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akgün İ., Altındal D., Kara B., (2011). Determination of Suitable Sowing Dates for Some Bread and Durum Wheat Cultivars under Isparta Ecological Conditions. Journal of Agrıcultural Scıences-Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt.17, Sa.4, Ss.300-309.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aydoğan, S., Sahin, M., Akçacık, A.G., Kaya, Y., Kara, İ., Türköz, M., Akçura, M., (2012). Bazı makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 5 (1): 82-85, 2012 ISSN: 1308-3945, E-ISSN: 1308-027X, www.nobel.gen.tr.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barah, B.C., Binswanger, H.P., Rana, B.S., Rao, G.P., (1981). The use of risk aversion in plant breeding; concept and application. Euphytica 30, 451–458.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Başkonuş, T., Yüce, İ., Dokuyucu, T., Akkaya, A., Güngör., H., Dumlupınar., Z.,(2022). Bazı Makarnalık Buğday (Triticum durum Desf.) İleri hatlarının kahramanmaraş ekolojik koşullarında tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 9 (3), 674-681. 
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1106305.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bhering, L.L., 2017. Rbio: A Tool For Biometric And Statistical Analysis Using The R Platform.  Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, v.17: 187-190p, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bonjean, A.P., Angus, W.J., Van, G.M., (2016). A History of Wheat Breeding Lavoisier, Paris pp 1279-1296. The Work Wheat Book Volume: 2.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Calderini, D.F., Slafer, G.A., (1998). Has yield stability changed with genetic improvement of wheat yield? Euphytica 107, 51–59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cattivelli, L., Rizza, F., Badeck, F.-W., Mazzucotelli, E., Mastrangelo, A.M., Francia, E., Marè, C., Tondelli, A., Stanca, A.M., (2008). Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: an integrated view from breeding to genomic. Field Crop Res. 15, 1–14. Ceccarelli, S., 1989. Wide adaptation: how wide? Euphytica 40, 197–205.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ceccarelli S. (1996). Adaptation to low/high input cultivation conditions. Euphytica 92: 203-214.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Conway, G., Toenniessen, G., (1999). Feeding the world in the twenty-first century. Nature 402, C55–C58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çetin, G. ve Ayrancı, R. (2021). Kırşehir ekolojik koşullarında bazı makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin verim ve verim bileşenleri bakımından değerlendirilmesi. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, e- ISSN:2797-9161, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Damania, A. B., L. Pecetti, C. O. Qulset, and O. B. Humeid. (1996). Diversity and geographic distribution of adapt and traits in Triticum turgidum L (durum group) wheat landraces from Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 43 (5): 409-442.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">De Vita, P., Maggio, A., (2006). Yield stability analysis in durum wheat: progress over the last two decades in Italy. Cereal Res. Comm. 34, 1207–1213.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Doğan, Y. ve Cetiz, M.B., (2015). Türkiye’de tescil edilmiş bazı makarnalık buğday (Triticum durum L.) çeşitlerinin Mardin-Kızıltepe koşullarında verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3): 304-311.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Durmaz, A. ve Aktaş, H. (2023). Makarnalık Yerel Buğday Genotiplerinin (Triticum durum L.) Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından Karakterizasyonu. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Duvick, D.N., Smith, J.S.C., Cooper, M., (2004). Changes in performance, parentage, and genetic diversity of successful corn hybrids, 1930 to 2000. In: Smith, C.W., Betrian, J., Runge, E.C.A. (Eds.), Corn: Origin, History, Technology and Production. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, pp. 65–97.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eberhart, S.A., Russell,W.A., (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 6, 36–40.
Evans, L.T., (1993). Crop evolution, adaptation and yield. Cambridge University Press, New York.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Finlay, K.W., Wilkinson, G.N., (1963). The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding program. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 14, 742–754.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Genç, İ., (1974). Yerli ve yabancı ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde verim ve verime etkili başlıca karakterler üzerinde araştırmalar. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 82, Bilimsel İnceleme ve Araştırma Tezleri: 10, A.Ü. Basımevi, 83 s.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hamid, Z.A., Grafius, J.E., (1978). Developmental allometry and its implication to grain yield in barley. Crop Sci. 18, 83–86.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hanson, H.; N.E. Borlaug and R.G. Anderson, (1982). Wheat in the third world. westview press. molecular studies on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for drought stress tolerance, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute.
JASP https://jasp-stats.org/thank-you-for-downloading-jasp-win64-zip</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kara, R., Dumlupınar, Z., Akkaya, A., Dokuyucu, T. (2008). Bazı Makarnalık Buğday Genotiplerinin Kahramanmaras Kosullarında Fenolojik Dönemler, Bazı Bitkisel Özellikleri ve Tane Verimi Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 89-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kimball, B. A., Morris, C. F. P., Pinter, J., G. W., Jr., D. J., WallHunsaker, Adamsen, F. J., LaMorte R. L., Leavitt, S. W., Thompson, T. L., Matthias, A. D. and Brooks, T. J., (2001). Elevated CO 2, Drought and soil nitrogen effects on wheat grain quality. The New Phytologist Vol. 150, No. 2, Rising CO 2- Future Ecosystems (May, 2001), pp. 295-303 (9 pages).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lin, C.S., Binns, M.R., (1988). A method for analyzing cultivar x location x year experiments: a new stability parameter. Theor. Appl. Genet. 7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Okur, D., Aktaş, H., 2024. Observation Barley Landraces (Hordeum vulgare L.) Interms of Morphological Traits. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(2): 395–408.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oliveira, H. R., Campana, M. G., Jones, H., Hunt, H. V., Leigh, F., Redhouse, Lister D. I., Jones, M.K., (2012). Tetraploid wheat landraces in the Mediterranean basin: taxonomy, evolution and genetic diversity. PLoS One 7:e37063. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037063.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öner, M Yorulmaz, L., Akıncı, C., Husseın, Y., (2024). Makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin kurak sezonda yağışa dayalı ve ilave sulama yapılan koşullarda verim ve kalite özelliklerinin incelenmesi. MAS JAPS 9 (Özel Sayı): 810–818, ISSN:2757-5675 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13918806</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özkan, H., Brandolini, A., Pozzi, C., Effgen, S., Wunder, J., and Salamini, F., (2005). A reconsideration of the domestication geography of tetraploidwheats. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 110(6): 1052-1060.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patrignani, A., Lollato, R.P., Ochsner, T.E., Godsey, C.B., Edwards, J., (2014). Yield gap and production gap of rainfed winter wheat in the Southern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 106(4), 1329-1339.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Romagosa, I., Fox, P.N., (1993). Genotype × environment interaction and adaptation. In: Hayward,M.D., Bosemark, N.O., Romagosa, I. (Eds.), Plant Breeding: Principles and Prospects. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, pp. 373–390.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sall, A., Chiari, T., Legesse, W., Seid-Ahmed, K., Ortiz, R., van Ginkel, M., et al. (2019). Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.): origin, cultivation and potential expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agronomy 9:263. doi: 10.3390/agronomy9050263.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Simmonds, N.W., (1991). Selection for local adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Theor. Appl. Genet. 82, 3.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sözen, E., ve Yağdı, K., (2005). Bazı ileri makarnalık buğday (Triticum durum Desf.) hatlarının kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, sayı 19 (2): s.69-81.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tollenaar, M., Lee, E.A., (2002). Yield potential, yield stability and stress tolerance in maize. Field Crops Res. 75, 161–169.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yazar, S. ve Karadoğan, T., (2008). Bazı makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin Orta Anadolu bölgesinin taban ve kıraç arazi koşullarında verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3(2): 32-41, 2008 ISSN 1304-9984</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
