çyy Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler 3108-642X 1300-1825 Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Urbanization Policies Kentleşme Politikaları Göç Yönetişiminde Dijital Dönüşüm: Özerk Yapay Zekânın Potansiyeli, Riskleri ve Eleştirel Perspektifler https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-7040 Polat Ebru Hatay Mustafa Kemal University 03 30 2026 35 2026 10 16 2025 12 01 2025 Copyright © 1992, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler 1992 Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler

Bu çalışma, dijital dönüşüm bağlamında göç yönetişiminde özerk yapay zekânın (YZ) potansiyelini, fırsatlarını ve risklerini incelemektedir. Küreselleşme, iklim değişikliği ve çatışmalar nedeniyle giderek karmaşıklaşan göç süreçleri, çok aktörlü ve çok düzeyli bir yönetişim anlayışını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Veri entegrasyonu, senaryo simülasyonu ve karar verme kapasitesiyle öne çıkan özerk YZ, göç yönetiminde verimliliği, öngörü kapasitesini ve uluslararası paydaşlar arasındaki koordinasyonu artırarak önemli katkılar sağlayabilir. Ancak, bu sistemlerin özerk karar alma niteliği etik, hukuki ve toplumsal riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Yönetişimsel eksen (çok düzeyli yönetişim ve risk toplumu), eleştirel eksen (biyopolitika, gözetim toplumu ve gözetim kapitalizmi) ve etik–normatif eksen (kozmopolit misafirperverlik ve sorumluluk) kuramsal çerçevelerden yararlanan çalışma, özerk YZ’yi tgöç yönetişiminde karar süreçlerini dönüştüren dijital bir aktör olarak ele almaktadır. Çalışmada, özerk YZ’nin koordinasyon, şeffaflık ve dayanıklılığı güçlendirme potansiyeline sahip olduğu, ancak ayrımcılık, insan denetiminin zayıflaması ve veri istismarı gibi riskler taşıdığı vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, göç yönetişiminde özerk YZ’nin etik, şeffaf ve hesap verebilir biçimde konumlandırılmasına yönelik beş aşamalı bir hibrit yönetişim modeli önermektedir. Önerilen model, özerk YZ’nin teknik kapasitesini etik sorumluluk, insan hakları ve yönetişimsel hesap verebilirlik ilkeleriyle uyumlaştırarak; daha dayanıklı, kapsayıcı ve şeffaf bir göç yönetişim sistemi geliştirilmesini hedeflemektedir.

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