Case Report

A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption

Volume: 5 Number: 2 April 29, 2025
EN

A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption

Abstract

Here, we report a 20-year-old male patient who developed acute kidney injury after consuming six cans of energy drinks daily for the last week. His daily intake amounted to about 426 mg of caffeine and 2268 mg of taurine. He was also diagnosed with caffeine intoxication and caffeine withdrawal at the time of his hospitalization. Considering the potential damage of energy drinks may cause to people’s health, this case calls for regulations on their use.

Keywords

acute kidney injury, adverse effect, caffeine intoxication, caffeine withdrawal, energy drinks

References

  1. Costantino A, Maiese A, Lazzari J, et al. The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):3922. Published 2023 Sep 9. doi:10.3390/nu15183922
  2. Avcı S, Sarıkaya R, Büyükcam F. Death of a young man after overuse of energy drink. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Nov;31(11):1624.e3-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.06.031. Epub 2013 Jul 27. PMID: 23896014.
  3. Heckman M., Sherry K., De Mejia E.G. Energy Drinks: An Assessment of Their Market Size, Consumer Demographics, Ingredient Profile, Functionality, and Regulations in the United States. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2010;9:303–317. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00111.x
  4. US Food and Drug Administration Adverse event reports allegedly related to RedBull.. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/CFSANFOIAElectronicReadingRoom/UCM328525.pdf. Published November 2012. Accessed November 20, 2012
  5. Wolk B.J., Ganetsky M., Babu K.M. Toxicity of energy drinks. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2012;24:243–251. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283506827.
  6. Hedges DW, Woon FL, Hoopes SP. Caffeine-induced psychosis. CNS Spectr. 2009 Mar;14(3):127-9. doi: 10.1017/s1092852900020101. PMID: 19407709.
  7. Schöffl I, Kothmann JF, Schöffl V, Rupprecht HD, Rupprecht T. “Vodka energy”: too much for the adolescent nephron? Pediatrics. 2011 Jul;128(1):e227-31. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2677. Epub 2011 Jun 13. PMID: 21669898.
  8. Greene E, Oman K, Lefler M. Energy drink-induced acute kidney injury. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Oct;48(10):1366-70. doi: 10.1177/1060028014541997. Epub 2014 Jul 1. PMID: 24986632.
  9. Suliman ME, Bárány P, Filho JC, Lindholm B, Bergström J. Accumulation of taurine in patients with renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Mar;17(3):528-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/17.3.528. PMID: 11865115.
  10. Al Yacoub R, Luczkiewicz D, Kerr C. Acute kidney injury and hepatitis associated with energy drink consumption: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2020 Jan 29;14(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13256-019-2340-0. PMID: 31992329; PMCID: PMC6988357.
APA
Memiş, A. C., Temiz, S. G., Yazıcı Alcan, S., & Arslan, K. (2025). A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption. DAHUDER Medical Journal, 5(2), 58-62. https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1567565
AMA
1.Memiş AC, Temiz SG, Yazıcı Alcan S, Arslan K. A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption. DAHUDER MJ. 2025;5(2):58-62. doi:10.56016/dahudermj.1567565
Chicago
Memiş, Ali Can, Sultan Gözde Temiz, Sena Yazıcı Alcan, and Kadem Arslan. 2025. “A Case Report on Caffeine-Induced Psychological Disorders and Acute Kidney Injury Following Excessive Energy Drink Consumption”. DAHUDER Medical Journal 5 (2): 58-62. https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1567565.
EndNote
Memiş AC, Temiz SG, Yazıcı Alcan S, Arslan K (April 1, 2025) A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption. DAHUDER Medical Journal 5 2 58–62.
IEEE
[1]A. C. Memiş, S. G. Temiz, S. Yazıcı Alcan, and K. Arslan, “A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption”, DAHUDER MJ, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 58–62, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.56016/dahudermj.1567565.
ISNAD
Memiş, Ali Can - Temiz, Sultan Gözde - Yazıcı Alcan, Sena - Arslan, Kadem. “A Case Report on Caffeine-Induced Psychological Disorders and Acute Kidney Injury Following Excessive Energy Drink Consumption”. DAHUDER Medical Journal 5/2 (April 1, 2025): 58-62. https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1567565.
JAMA
1.Memiş AC, Temiz SG, Yazıcı Alcan S, Arslan K. A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption. DAHUDER MJ. 2025;5:58–62.
MLA
Memiş, Ali Can, et al. “A Case Report on Caffeine-Induced Psychological Disorders and Acute Kidney Injury Following Excessive Energy Drink Consumption”. DAHUDER Medical Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2025, pp. 58-62, doi:10.56016/dahudermj.1567565.
Vancouver
1.Ali Can Memiş, Sultan Gözde Temiz, Sena Yazıcı Alcan, Kadem Arslan. A case report on caffeine-induced psychological disorders and acute kidney injury following excessive energy drink consumption. DAHUDER MJ. 2025 Apr. 1;5(2):58-62. doi:10.56016/dahudermj.1567565