Abstract
Objective: To investigate the frequency of microalbuminuria and associated risk factors across the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 200 patients aged 16-85 who applied to the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic between November 2009 and February 2010. Demographic data and blood pressure were recorded. Biochemical parameters, along with 24-hour urinary protein and albumin excretion, were measured. CKD staging was performed according to GFR calculated using the MDRD formula.
Results: Of the patients, 64% were female. The most common etiology was undetermined (58%). Among identified causes, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were primary. As the CKD stage progressed, proteinuria and albuminuria levels increased significantly (p<0.001). The frequency of microalbuminuria was 23.1% in Stage 1 and reached 80% in Stage 5. Significant associations were found between CKD stages and blood pressure, urea, creatinine, potassium, calcium, hemoglobin, and CRP levels (p<0.05). Proteinuria and albuminuria showed a negative correlation with GFR and a positive correlation with CRP (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Microalbuminuria appears from the early stages of CKD, and its frequency increases as the disease progresses. Hypertension and inflammation (elevated CRP) are independent risk factors associated with microalbuminuria. Screening CKD patients for microalbuminuria from the early stages is crucial for slowing disease progression.
Ethical Statement
Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Diyarbakır Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision Date: December 28, 2009; Decision Number: 2009-91).
References
- 1. Burton C, Harris KP. The role of proteinuria in the progression of chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27(6):765- 75. doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(96)90512-0.
- 2. Hirschberg R, Wang S. Proteinuria and growth factors in the development of tubulointerstitial injury and scarring in kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2005;14(1):43-52. doi:10.1097/00041552-200501000-00008.
- 3. Viberti GC, Hill RD, Jarrett RJ, Argyropoulos A, Mahmud U, Keen H. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1982;319(8287):1430-2. doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(82)92450-3.
- 4. Kaplan NM. Microalbuminuria: a risk factor for vascular and renal complications of hypertension. Am J Med. 1992;92(4-Suppl 2):S9-12. doi:10.1016/0002- 9343(92)90141-W.
- 5. Winocour PH. Microalbuminuria. BMJ. 1992;304(6836):1196-7. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6836.1196.
- 6. Erdmann E. Microalbuminuria as a marker of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Cardiol. 2006;107(2):147-53. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.03.053.
- 7. Dinneen SF, Gerstein HC. The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A systematic overview of the literature. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(13):1413-8. doi:10.1001/ archinte.1997.00440340025002.
- 8. Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(6):356-60. doi:10.1056/ NEJM198402093100605.
- 9. Eardley KS, Zehnder D, Quinkler M, Lepenies J, Bates RL, Savage CO, et al. The relationship between albuminuria, MCP-1/CCL2, and interstitial macrophages in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006;69(7):1189-97. doi:10.1038/ sj.ki.5000212.
- 10. Gansevoort RT, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE. Additive antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibition and a low-protein diet in human renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(4):497-504. doi:10.1093/ndt/10.4.497.
- 11. Winocour PH, Harland JO, Millar JP, Laker MF, Alberti KG. Microalbuminuria and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the community. Atherosclerosis. 1992;93(1-2):71-81. doi:10.1016/0021-9150(92)90201-Q.
- 12. Panichi V, Migliori M, De Pietro S, Taccola D, Bianchi AM, Norpoth M, et al. C-reactive protein as a marker of chronic inflammation in uremic patients. Blood Purif. 2000;18(3):183-90. doi:10.1159/000014417.
- 13. Panichi V, Migliori M, De Pietro S, Taccola D, Bianchi AM, Giovannini L, et al. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels are related to renal function in predialytic chronic renal failure. Nephron. 2002;91(4):594-600. doi:10.1159/000065018.
- 14. Gomes MB, Nogueira VG. Acute-phase proteins and microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;66(1):31-9. doi:10.1016/j. diabres.2004.02.009.
- 15. Onat A, Sansoy V, Soydan İ, Tokgözoğlu L, Adalet K. TEKHARF, on iki yıllık izleme deneyimine göre Türk erişkinlerinde kalp sağlığı. İstanbul: Türkiye; 2003. p. 12-4.
- 16. Pontremoli R, Nicolella C, Viazzi F, Ravera M, Sofia A, Berruti V, et al. Microalbuminuria is an early marker of target organ damage in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998;11(4):430-8. doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(97)00498-6.
- 17. Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Curhan GC. Epidemiology of anemia associated with chronic renal insufficiency among adults in the United States: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(2):504-10. doi:10.1681/ASN.V132504.
- 18. Collins VR, Dowse GK, Finch CF, Zimmet PZ, Linnane AW. Prevalence and risk factors for micro- and macroalbuminuria in diabetic subjects and entire population of Nauru. Diabetes. 1989;38(12):1602-10. doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1602.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | February 15, 2026 |
| Acceptance Date | April 10, 2026 |
| Early Pub Date | April 17, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1886504 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA53JU56WH |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Issue: Advanced Online Publication |
Cite
Aim & Scope
DAHUDER Medical Journal (DAHUDER MJ) is an international, independent, double-blind peer-reviewed, open access, and online publishing journal dedicated to publishing high-quality scientific papers in all areas of clinical medicine. Manuscripts must present original data that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere.
All submissions are evaluated by at least two independent reviewers who are specialists in the relevant field, and the final decision rests with the Editor-in-Chief. The Editorial Board follows the principles of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
The journal is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December and accepts manuscripts in English, including original articles, case reports, invited reviews, and letters to the editor.
Subject areas covered by DAHUDER MJ include, but are not limited to:
- Cancer and Experimental Cancer Research
- Cardiology and Clinical Cardiovascular Research
- Chest Diseases and Respiratory Medicine
- Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders
- Clinical Pathology, Hematology, and Immunology
- Clinical Nutrition, Dietetics, and Nutritional Research
- Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
- Experimental Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Genetics and Geriatrics
- General and Internal Medicine
- Nephrology and Rheumatology
- Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research
Author Guidelines
General information
- DAHUDER Medical Journal (DAHUDER MJ) is an international, double-blind, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes manuscripts describing clinical research in medicine.
- Manuscripts must describe original data that have not been published previously nor submitted for publication elsewhere.
- Manuscripts that adhere to the DAHUDER MJ submission guidelines and are deemed appropriate for the scope of the journal are sent to two reviewers who are specialists in the field.
- The members of the Editorial Board who discuss the suitability then consider the reviewers’ comments on each submission.
- The final decision for all submitted manuscripts rests with the Editor-in-Chief.
- DAHUDER MJ is a journal published four times a year in March, June, September, and December.
- Manuscripts to be published must be sent via the “Submit Article” page.
- The language of the articles is English.
Article Submission Phase
Required files to be uploaded when submitting an article:
1- An Article Format file of the article prepared in accordance with the editorial guidelines (No information about the authors should be included. This file will be sent to the reviewers in accordance with the double-blind review policy.)
2- The "Title Page" must be completely filled out and uploaded to the system.
3- Copyright Agreement and Author Acknowledgement Form
4- A similarity report must be uploaded to the system.
5- The approved version of the Ethics Committee Permit must be uploaded to the system. If the study does not require ethics committee approval, upload a file indicating this. In addition, this approval (name, date, and number of the committee) must be stated in the "Article Information Form" at the end of the study.
Institutional review board/ethics committee approval (IRB)
If a study involves either human subjects, human-derived materials, and/or medical records, authors must include in the Methods section either a statement that an Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Ethics Committee approval has been obtained or a statement that the IRB/Ethics Committee has ruled that approval was not required for the study. When reporting experiments conducted with humans, it is indicated that the procedures were in accordance with ethical standards set forth by the committee that oversees human experimentation. Approval of research protocols by the relevant ethics committee, in accordance with international agreements (Helsinki Declaration of 1975, revised 2024, available at https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki/, “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” www.nap.edu/catalog/5140.html/), is required for all experimental, clinical, and drug studies. Patient names, initials, and hospital identification numbers should not be used. Manuscripts reporting the results of experimental investigations conducted with humans must state that the study protocol received institutional review board approval and that the participants provided informed consent.
Permissions
Authors who wish to include figures, tables, or text fragments that have been previously published elsewhere should definitely cite the relevant place in the article. If not cited, they must obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) for the relevant portion and include proof of such permission when submitting their manuscript. Without such proof, any material cited will be assumed to belong to the authors. No material, such as clinical images or charts, photos, and graphs, as well as images of devices that may have been obtained from their producers, can be published without such permission.
Types of Papers
Original Article: An article is a full-length report on original primary research that will interest the journal's readers. They must describe significant and original observations.
Review Article: The review article is a comprehensive analysis of specific topics and recent developments in a particular area. A review should focus on recent research and issues. It should also include the authors' opinions on how to approach the topic/situation under discussion and what is needed to advance the field in the future.
Communications: Short (brief) communications are short papers that focus on a particular aspect of a problem or a new finding that is expected to have a significant impact and present original and important material. Short communication is not intended to publish preliminary results. They may be given rapid publication. Short communication should not be subdivided. The paper should include an abstract, main body of text (combined methods, results, and discussion in a single section), and references.
Rapid communications are similar to short communications. These are usually articles used to disseminate preliminary results that are original, of high interest, and likely to have a significant impact on the relevant scientific community. In the healthcare field, this can include information that is urgent from a public health perspective or findings in a rapidly changing specialty. Their format is similar to short communications.
Case Report: Case reports and case studies should present significant new insights or cases with an unusual and noteworthy course. It is recommended that case reports include an up-to-date review of all previous cases in the field. The novelty of the case(s) may lie in the phenotype, the presentation, the investigation, and/or the management. A case report must be strictly limited to 2000 words, excluding the abstract, references, and article information form, and have minimal figures, tables, and references.
Letter to the Editor: Formal commentary on published articles may take the form of critiques, requests for clarification, or—on occasion—replication efforts. After peer review, these contributions may be posted online as Letters to the Editor, typically accompanied by a response from the original authors. Letters to the Editor and replies are bidirectionally linked with the original published paper. The journal will not consider Letters about work published elsewhere. Submissions that do not meet our guidelines will not be taken forward. Letters to the Editor should be roughly 1000 words in length, not counting references and article information form. They must be written in a neutral register, and all points raised should pertain directly to the original article. All such submissions are peer reviewed, and the Editor retains sole discretion over acceptance or rejection.
Manuscript preparation
- Articles should be written in a single line using Microsoft Word, leaving 2.5 cm margins on all sides.
- Paragraphs should not be indented.
- A full-length article should be no more than 6,000 words, excluding references and tables.
- For equations, use either the equation editor or MathType.
- For tables, use the table function, not spreadsheets.
Download the Article Format file for the sample file.
Title: A title that describes the article and is not too long is preferred. Only the first letter of each word in the title should be capitalized.
Authors: Author names must be clearly written. Abbreviations must not be used. Each author's ORCID ID number must be written. Each author's institution must be listed in the order Department, Faculty, University, City, and Country. If the institution is present, its ROR ID must be written after the address.
Abstracts: A structured abstract of no more than 300 words is required. The Abstract for all manuscripts except case reports and review articles should be divided into Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
Keywords: Keywords are required for indexing and abstracting services. Up to ten words should be listed.
Main text: The main text of an original article should be divided into INTRODUCTION, METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSION sections. The case report should include an abstract, introduction, case report, discussion, and references. Abbreviations must be defined following their first use in the Abstract as well as in the main text and in the figures and tables. Only commonly accepted abbreviations should be used. Drug and chemical names should be stated using generic or standard chemical nomenclature. Units of measurement should conform to the International System (SI); however, clinical data may be presented in conventional units where deemed more appropriate.
Headings and subheadings: Main headings (INTRODUCTION, METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, etc.) and the word REFERENCES should be written in capital letters. In subheadings, only the first letter of each word should be capitalized.
Footnotes: Footnotes may be used to give additional information, but should not consist of a reference citation, which is not included in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, and must not contain figures or tables. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively and separately for the title page, the main text, and each table. Footnotes should be indicated by superscript lowercase letters or numbers, or by asterisks for significance values and other statistical data. Footnotes should be positioned at the bottom of the page or table in which they appear.
Tables, Graphics, and Illustrations
Tables, graphics, and illustrations should be numbered in Arabic numerals in the text. The places of the illustrations should be signed in the text.
Tables
- Tables capture information concisely and display it efficiently; they also provide information at any desired level of detail and precision. Including data in tables rather than text frequently makes it possible to reduce the length of the text.
- Tables must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, …). Table titles should be placed above the table in Times New Roman, 10-point font size. Table content should be written in Times New Roman, 10-point font size. If the table does not fit within the page, the font size may be reduced accordingly. Statistically significant values should be presented in bold. If the table has a source, it must be indicated below the table in Times New Roman, 9–10-point font size. Only the first letter of the first word in the table title should be capitalized. All other words should be lowercase (except for proper nouns).
- Authors should include explanatory information as notes below the table, not in the title.
- Be sure that each table is cited in the text. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge that source fully.
- Additional tables containing backup data too extensive to publish in print may be appropriate for publication in the electronic version of the journal, deposited with an archival service, or made available to readers directly by the authors. An appropriate statement should be added to the text. Such tables should be submitted for consideration with the paper so that they will be available to the peer reviewers.
Illustrations (Figures)
- Figures should be either professionally drawn and photographed or submitted as digital prints in photographic quality. In addition to requiring a version of the figures suitable for printing, authors are asked for electronic files of figures in a format (for example, JPEG or GIF) that will produce high-quality images in the Web version of the journal; authors should review the images of such files on a computer screen before submitting them to be sure they meet their own quality standards.
- For X-ray films, scans, and other diagnostic images, as well as pictures of pathology specimens or photomicrographs, sharp, glossy, black-and-white or color photographic prints should be sent, usually 127 x 173 mm. Letters, numbers, and symbols on figures should therefore be clear and consistent throughout, and large enough to remain legible when the figure is reduced for publication.
- Figures should be made as self-explanatory as possible, since many will be used directly in slide presentations.
- Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends--not on the illustrations themselves.
- Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background.
- Photographs of potentially identifiable people must be accompanied by written permission to use the photograph.
- Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been cited in the text.
- If a figure has been published previously, the original source should be acknowledged, and written permission from the copyright holder should be submitted to reproduce the figure. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain. Accompanying drawings marked to indicate the region to be reproduced might be useful to the editor.
Legends for Illustrations (Figures)
- For image captions, Arabic numerals corresponding to the images should be used.
- When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, each one should be clearly identified and explained in the legend. The internal scale should be explained, and the method of staining in photomicrographs should be identified. Only the first letter of the first word in the figure title should be capitalized. All other words should be lowercase (except for proper nouns).
- Figure titles should be placed below the figure in Times New Roman, 10-point font size. If the figure does not fit within the page, the font size may be reduced accordingly.
- If the figure has a source, it must be indicated below the title in Times New Roman, 10-point font size. Only the first letter of the first word in the figure title should be capitalized. All other words should be lowercase (except for proper nouns).
Article Information Form
The article information form should be written after the text, before the references. Explain the following headings in detail.
Acknowledgments:
Financial Disclosure:
Conflicts of interest:
Ethical Declaration:
Artificial Intelligence Statement:
Author Contributions: (The statement "Authors' contribution to the article is equal" is not accepted.) To be considered as an author of an article, a writer must have contributed to at least 3 of the following. If any of the following headings are not relevant to your work, please mark them as "None".
Conceptualization: FA, SA;
Methodology: FA, SA;
Software: TA;
Validation: FA, TA;
Formal analysis: SA;
Investigation: FA;
Resources: TA;
Data curation: FA;
Writing – original draft: SA;
Writing – review & editing: FA;
Visualization: SA;
Supervision: None;
Project administration: FA, SA;
Funding acquisition: None;
Reference Style and Format
- References in the article should be written in Vancouver style.
- References should be shown in square brackets, for example [1], [2,3], [4-8].
- References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses. References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure.
- The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in the list of Journals in Index Medicus. Additionally, the list should be obtained from the web address http://www.nlm.nih.gov. If a journal is not indexed in Index Medicus, it should not be abbreviated.
- If there are more than 6 authors, write the first 6 authors according to the rule and use et al. for the subsequent authors.
- All references should be cited in text.
- Citing a "personal communication" should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.
- Accuracy of citation is the author's responsibility. Type references in the style shown below.
For journals
Articles in journals
For the published article from the journal, which is placed and abbreviated in Medline:
- Godoy DA, Behrouz R, Di Napoli M. Glucose control in acute brain injury: does it matter? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2016;22(2):120-7. doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000292.
- Ahluwalia V, Heuman DM, Feldman G, Wade JB, Thacker LR, Gavis E, et al. Correction of hyponatraemia improves cognition, quality of life, and brain oedema in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2015;62(1):75-82. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.033.
- Schwandt A, Harris PJ, Hunsberger S, Deleporte A, Smith GL, Vulih D, et al. The role of age on dose-limiting toxicities in phase I dose-escalation trials. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(18):4768-75. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0866. Epub 2014 Jul 15.
- Morehouse R, Macqueen G, Kennedy SH. Barriers to achieving treatment goals: a focus on sleep disturbance and sexual dysfunction. J Affect Disord. 2011;132(Suppl 1):S14-20. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.047.
For the published article from the journal that is not placed and is not abbreviated in Medline:
- Seremet Kürklü N, Suna G, Kamarlı Altun H, Karaçil Ermumcu MŞ. The state of vitamin D supplement use and knowledge levels of mothers with 0–12 month-old infants. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;4(2):94-102. doi:10.46413/boneyusbad.1073447.
Articles in press
- Shen Y, Hung C. Intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression with structural brain abnormality: a case report. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2025. In press. doi:10.5152/pcp.2025.251248.
- Fortea A, Ortuño M, Masias M, Guasp M, De la Serna E, Armangue T, et al. Brain metabolite levels in the post-acute stage of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and schizophrenia: a longitudinal case-control study. Biol Psychiatry. 2025. In press.
Article with published erratum
- Bleicher RJ, Ruth K, Sigurdson ER, Beck JR, Ross E, Wong YN, et al. Time to surgery and breast cancer survival in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(3):330–9. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.4508. Erratum in: JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(9):1244. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2968.
- Seymour CW, Liu VX, Iwashyna TJ, Brunkhorst FM, Rea TD, Scherag A, et al. Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):762–774. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0288. Erratum in: JAMA. 2016;315(20):2237. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5850.
Volume with supplement
- Nast A, Dreno B, Bettoli V, Degitz K, Erdmann R, Finlay AY, et al. European evidence-based (S3) guidelines for the treatment of acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(Suppl 1):1–29.
Issue with supplement
- Pagsberg AK. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;22(1 Suppl):S3–9.
Volume with part
- Pilegaard H, Saltin B, Neufer PD. Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC-1alpha gene in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2003;546(Pt 3):851–8.
Issue with part
- Kamili S. Infectivity and vaccination efficacy studies in animal models of HBV S and pol gene mutants. Antivir Ther. 2010;15(3 Pt B):477–85.
Issue with no volume
- Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(401):230–8.
No volume or issue
- Childhood obesity: strategies for prevention. NIH Research Brief. 2010 Jul:3-9.
Journal article on the Internet
- Hoek W, Schuurmans J, Koot HM, Cuijpers P. Effects of internet-based guided self-help problem-solving therapy for adolescents with depression and anxiety: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One [Internet]. 2012 Aug 31 [cited 2025 Sep 27];7(8):e43485. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043485
For books and other monographs
Personal author(s)
- Celentano DD, Szklo M. Gordis epidemiology. 6th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2019.
- Petrie A, Sabin C. Medical statistics at a glance. 4th ed. Chichester (UK): Wiley-Blackwell; 2019.
Author(s) and editor(s)
- Darwin C. The origin of species by means of natural selection. Burrow JW, editor. London: Penguin; 1985.
- Kant I. Critique of pure reason. Guyer P, Wood AW, editors. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; 1998.
Organization(s) as author
- World Health Organization. World malaria report 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. 283 p.
Editor(s), compiler(s) as author
- Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 20th ed. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
- Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2020
Translated book
- Kant I. Critique of pure reason. Guyer P, Wood AW, translators. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 1998.
- Nietzsche F. Beyond good and evil. Hollingdale RJ, translator. London: Penguin Books; 2003.
Chapter in a book
- Grundy E, Murphy M. Demography and public health. In: Detels R, Gulliford M, Karim QA, Tan CC, editors. Oxford textbook of global public health. 6th ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2015. p. 718–735.
- Adkinson NF. Drug allergy. In: Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, et al., editors. Allergy: principles and practice. 5th ed. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 2002. p. 1212–1224..
Conference proceedings
- Qi E, Shen J, Dou R, editors. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2014; 2014 Nov 1–2; Zhuhai, China. Paris: Atlantis Press; 2015.
- Halliday RB, Walter DE, Proctor HC, Norton RA, Colloff MJ, editors. Acarology: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress; 1998 Jul 5–10; Canberra, Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing; 2001.
Dissertation (Thesis)
- Bansal Y. Building the theoretical foundations of deep learning: an empirical approach [dissertation]. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; 2022.
- Sürer S. From space to safety: flood mapping with Sentinel-1 SAR data for enhancing flood risk management in Ljungby Municipality [master’s thesis]. Lund (SE): Lund University; 2024 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 22]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9158441
- Patwary MM. Adoption of mobile banking applications: a study on young people [master’s thesis]. Eskişehir (TR): Anadolu University Graduate School of Social Sciences; 2017 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35579.49446
Poster(s)
- Gianelli C, Kühne K, Rugani R. Numerical magnitude spatially biases unusual responses [poster]. Presented at: 20th Conference of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology (ESCoP); 2017 Sep 3–6; Potsdam, Germany.
- Özge D, Vidinli D, Küntay A, Snedeker J. When you eat from the cake, is it all gone? Morphosyntax as a cue to partitivity [poster]. Presented at: 42nd Boston University Conference on Language Development (BUCLD 42); 2017 Nov 3–5; Boston, MA, USA.
Patent
- Anders K, Fox JR, Harpur LS, Dunne J, inventors; International Business Machines Corp, assignee. Social media toxicity analysis. United States patent US 11,138,237. 2021 Oct 5.
Homepage/Website
- Eurostat [Internet]. Luxembourg (LU): Statistical Office of the European Union; c1953– [cited 2025 Sep 27]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Proofreading
After DAHUDER MJ has prepared the layout of the article, it is sent to all authors for proofreading. All authors must view the pre-publication version of the article and approve its publication.
Multicenter clinical trials
DAHUDER MJ welcomes the submission of manuscripts reporting results of multicenter clinical trials. These manuscripts may be submitted with authorship in one of the following styles:
- The name of a study group only (collective authorship)
- The names of no more than five individuals and the name of a study group
In each case, one individual must serve as the corresponding author, and the names of all individuals specifically involved in the preparation of the manuscript should be listed under the heading Writing Committee following the Acknowledgments section. This should be followed by a list of investigators from each institution under the heading Study Group Investigators. Each author and each Writing Committee member must sign the Copyright Agreement and Author Acknowledgement Form.
Content responsibility
Content and scientific accuracy of all manuscripts, as well as of any electronic supplementary material, are the sole responsibility of the authors. No responsibility will be assumed by DAHUDER MJ for any legal claim arising from injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence, or other circumstances; nor from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the published material. No test or procedure should be carried out unless the reader judges it to be safe. Independent verification of all diagnoses and drug dosages should be performed. Discussions, views, and recommendations regarding medical procedures, drug choices, and dosages are the sole responsibility of the authors.
Disclaimer
DAHUDER MJ does not accept or publish advertisements. Any mention of commercial products, if it occurs within scholarly content, does not imply endorsement by the journal.
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
Dahuder Medical Journal (Dahuder MJ) is an international, peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to internal medicine, clinical medicine, and related health sciences. The journal publishes articles in English, operates a double-blind peer-review system, and adopts a continuous publication model, whereby accepted manuscripts are published online once all editorial and production procedures have been completed. Dahuder Medical Journal is committed to the highest standards of scientific quality, publication ethics, and academic integrity, and follows the principles and recommendations of COPE, ICMJE, the Declaration of Helsinki, and WAME.
Author Responsibilities
- Authors must submit only original, unpublished manuscripts that are not simultaneously under review by another journal.
- When an editor submits an article to a journal, their access is restricted until the peer-review process is complete. The editor cannot see any screens related to the article's progress.
- For research involving human participants, animals, biological materials, personal data, or other sensitive content, all required ethics committee approvals and informed consent documents must be submitted completely and appropriately.
- Authors are expected to avoid all forms of research and publication misconduct, including plagiarism, duplicate publication, redundant publication, data fabrication, data falsification, excessive textual overlap, and any other breaches of publication ethics.
- The same study must not be submitted to or published in more than one journal or publication outlet.
- All listed authors must satisfy the ICMJE authorship criteria. Honorary, guest, and ghost authorship are not acceptable.
- Authors must provide valid ORCID IDs for all contributors.
- Any actual or potential conflicts of interest must be declared clearly and transparently.
- All sources of financial support, institutional assistance, and other contributions relevant to the study must be properly acknowledged.
- Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of the data and content they submit.
- All manuscripts submitted to the journal undergo a rigorous peer-review process involving at least two international reviewers with expertise in the relevant subject area. Reviewers are appointed by the Associate Editors and the Editor-in-Chief. In some cases, and for certain manuscript types, authors may be invited to suggest potential reviewers.
- During peer review, manuscripts are assessed in terms of relevance to the journal’s scope, originality, readability, methodological and statistical soundness, and language quality.
- At the conclusion of the evaluation process, a manuscript may be accepted, returned for minor revision, returned for major revision, or rejected.
- A request for revision does not imply or guarantee final acceptance.
- Authors must revise their manuscripts carefully, thoroughly, and within the requested timeframe, in accordance with the comments and recommendations of the editors and reviewers.
- Rejected manuscripts are not reconsidered for review.
- Final acceptance of a manuscript is also subject to compliance with all applicable legal and ethical requirements, including those relating to defamation, copyright infringement, plagiarism, and other relevant regulations.
Editor Responsibilities
- Editors must assess submitted manuscripts fairly, independently, and objectively on academic grounds while preserving confidentiality throughout the editorial process.
- Editorial decisions must be based on the originality of the work, its scientific contribution, methodological rigor, clarity of presentation, ethical compliance, and relevance to the aims and scope of the journal.
- Editors must prevent conflicts of interest among authors, reviewers, editorial board members, and editorial staff, and they must refrain from handling manuscripts when an actual or potential conflict exists.
- Editors are responsible for appointing competent, suitable, and impartial reviewers for each submission.
- Editors must safeguard the integrity of the double-blind review process and ensure the confidentiality of authors, reviewers, and manuscript content at all stages of evaluation.
- Editors should make every effort to ensure that submissions are processed within a reasonable time and that the editorial workflow proceeds in a consistent, careful, and transparent manner.
- The Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editors hold full responsibility and authority regarding the acceptance or rejection of manuscripts.
- Editors should not reverse a decision unless there is a serious, justified, and documented reason; similarly, decisions made by previous editors should not be changed without compelling grounds.
- Editors must ensure that published material complies with internationally accepted ethical standards and, when necessary, should be adequately informed about the sources of research funding.
- Editors are responsible for maintaining the scientific quality of the journal, the scholarly value of published content, and the integrity of the academic record.
- Editors must take seriously all allegations of publication misconduct, ethical breach, or scientific unreliability, whether the manuscript is unpublished or already published, and they should make every reasonable effort to address such concerns appropriately.
- When required, editors should publish corrections, clarifications, editorial notices, retractions, or errata in order to preserve the accuracy and reliability of the scholarly literature.
- Editors should take into account the legitimate interests of both authors and readers while working to improve the journal’s academic and editorial standards.
Reviewer Responsibilities
- Reviewers must treat all manuscripts assigned to them as confidential documents and must not share, copy, reproduce, or discuss them with third parties.
- Review reports should be written in an objective, evidence-based, constructive, and respectful manner, without personal criticism of the authors.
- Reviewers should accept invitations only for manuscripts that fall within their field of expertise, and they should decline review requests when they are unable to provide a competent and informed evaluation.
- Reviewers must disclose any conflict of interest that could affect their neutrality, including financial, institutional, collaborative, or competitive relationships, and should withdraw from the process when appropriate.
- Reviewer evaluations should focus on the manuscript’s scientific merit, originality, clarity, ethical appropriateness, and contribution to the field.
- Reviewers should notify the editor of any important relevant references not cited by the authors, and of any substantial similarity or overlap with other published or submitted work known to them.
- If a reviewer suspects plagiarism, duplicate submission, data manipulation, or any other ethical problem, the matter must be reported promptly to the Editor or Editor-in-Chief.
- Reviewers are expected to complete their reports within the agreed time and to provide clear, justified, and understandable comments that support the editorial decision-making process.
- Reviewers must not upload manuscript files or any part of manuscript content to artificial intelligence tools, AI-supported platforms, or any external system that may compromise confidentiality.
Plagiarism and Similarity Check Policy
- All submissions to Dahuder MJ are screened for originality as part of the initial editorial assessment.
- The journal maintains a strict policy against plagiarism, unethical text recycling, duplicate publication, and all other forms of academic misconduct.
- Submitted manuscripts are evaluated using similarity-detection software during preliminary editorial review.
- For Dahuder Medical Journal, the total similarity rate must not exceed 20%, excluding the reference list.
- Similarity from any single source must not exceed 3%.
- In certain cases, similarity found in the methodology section may be assessed separately at the discretion of the editors.
- Manuscripts exceeding the journal’s similarity limits may be returned to the authors for revision, correction, or detailed explanation.
- Authors bear full responsibility for the originality of their work and for the correct citation and acknowledgment of all sources consulted.
- Authors are expected to review and comply with the journal’s full plagiarism and similarity policy before submission.
Research Ethics
- All research involving human participants must have received prior approval from an appropriate ethics committee.
- Research involving human subjects must be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
- Where relevant, the manuscript must clearly state that informed consent was obtained from the participants.
- For clinical research, registration details and all relevant ethical approvals must be reported.
- Studies involving animals must be carried out in accordance with internationally accepted principles of animal welfare and research ethics.
- Authors must explicitly state that the study was conducted and reported in compliance with ethical standards.
Data Transparency
- Authors must be prepared to provide raw data, supporting materials, or further explanations to the editors upon request for verification purposes.
- Research data must be presented accurately, comprehensively, and transparently.
- Data fabrication, falsification, selective reporting, and related practices are regarded as serious violations of scientific ethics.
Conflict of Interest
- Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any financial, personal, institutional, or professional conflicts of interest that could influence the research, review, or editorial decision-making process.
- Any potential conflict of interest must be managed in a manner that preserves transparency and trust in the editorial and peer-review process.
- Individuals who have a conflict of interest must not take part in the relevant review or editorial decisions in order to protect impartiality.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Policy
- Authors must clearly disclose any artificial intelligence tools used during manuscript preparation. Such disclosure should appear in the Methods section, Acknowledgments, or another appropriate part of the manuscript, and should specify the name of the tool, the version when applicable, and the purpose for which it was used.
- AI tools may be used only for limited technical assistance, such as language editing, spelling and grammar correction, formatting support, reference organization, coding assistance, data visualization, and statistical or computational support.
- The use of AI must not undermine the originality, scientific validity, accuracy, or reliability of the manuscript.
- AI tools must not be used to generate scientific arguments, original interpretations, hypotheses, results, discussions, or scholarly conclusions.
- AI must not be used to fabricate, falsify, manipulate, distort, or invent data, images, findings, references, or citations.
- AI systems cannot replace the researcher’s scientific reasoning, academic judgment, or ethical responsibility.
- AI tools cannot be credited as authors because they do not meet authorship criteria and cannot assume responsibility for the work.
- The authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and ethical compliance of the entire manuscript content.
- Editors and reviewers may use AI only for limited technical purposes that do not compromise confidentiality and that remain fully consistent with the journal’s policy. AI must not be used for editorial decision-making, reviewer report writing, or as a substitute for expert human evaluation.
- Editors and reviewers must not upload manuscripts, supplementary files, figures, data, or peer-review correspondence to external AI systems.
Retraction
- An article may be retracted in the following circumstances:
- Confirmed plagiarism, data fabrication, or data falsification,
- Confirmed duplicate publication,
- Serious errors that invalidate or substantially undermine the conclusions of the study,
- Ethical violations that compromise the reliability and integrity of the published work.
- Retracted articles remain accessible in the public record in order to preserve the transparency of scholarly communication. Such articles are clearly identified with a “RETRACTED” watermark and are accompanied by a formal retraction notice explaining the reason.
Withdrawal
- Requests for withdrawal must be submitted with a formal written explanation.
- Withdrawal requests submitted after the peer-review process has begun, without a valid and convincing justification, may be regarded as unethical publishing conduct.
Corrections
- Corrections, including corrigenda, errata, and addenda, are issued when minor errors or omissions do not invalidate the overall findings of the study but nevertheless require clarification or amendment.
Handling of Ethical Misconduct
- Allegations of ethical misconduct or concerns regarding the scientific reliability of a submission or publication are examined carefully and confidentially by the editorial office.
- When necessary, the editor initiates an investigation in accordance with COPE and ICMJE guidance and may request explanations, official documents, or supporting evidence from the authors.
- If the suspicion of misconduct is serious, the editor may consider notifying the relevant institution of the authors and, where appropriate, the relevant funding organizations.
- During an ongoing investigation, the editor may publish an expression of concern when there is substantial doubt about the integrity of the manuscript or article.
- If misconduct is confirmed, the manuscript may be rejected; if the article has already been published, a correction, expression of concern, or retraction may be issued.
- Retractions and expressions of concern are published in a clear, reasoned, and visible manner and are linked to the original article.
- Throughout this process, the journal maintains editorial impartiality, procedural confidentiality, and the integrity of the scholarly record.
Official Editorial Communication Address
- All formal correspondence concerning the editorial and peer-review process shall be conducted through the journal’s official communication address: selcukyaylaci@sakarya.edu.tr
- Such correspondence may include, but is not limited to, initial editorial screening, requests for clarification, authorship verification, ethical inquiries, notifications concerning suspected misconduct, and decisions regarding revision, acceptance, rejection, or withdrawal.
- Authors are responsible for monitoring this address regularly and for responding in a timely manner so that delays in the editorial process may be avoided.
- All messages sent to or received from this address constitute part of the journal’s official editorial record.
- Failure to respond within a reasonable period may disrupt the editorial workflow and may result in administrative action.
Price Policy
• DAHUDER Medical Journal does not charge any fees for article submission, peer review, editorial processing, page layout, or publication (including page or color charges).
• DAHUDER MJ does not pay any fees or honoraria to authors, reviewers, editors, or editorial board members.
• All articles are free to read and download.
• DAHUDER MJ is an open-access journal and does not require any subscription fees.
• DAHUDER MJ is a signatory to the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) and adheres to the Open Access principles set out in this initiative.
• All articles are preserved via the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) system through TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM DergiPark.
• In line with its publication policy, the journal does not accept announcements, advertisements, sponsorships, or similar content.
• The journal does not offer a reprint service for professional-quality reproductions of articles.
• All expenses of DAHUDER MJ are covered by the publisher.
