Thyroid nodules frequency in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who undergoing Hemodialysis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 22 - 27, 29.01.2024

Murat Aslan , Murat Alay , Yunus Demirkol

Öz

Objective: In our study; we examined the frequency of thyroid nodules, which are very common in the general population, in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: Our study was performed between 01.01.2020 and 01.04.2020 at Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Dursun Odabaş Medical Center. 57 patients with CKD aged between 18-90 years were included in the study. Thyroid ultrasonography were performed on the patients. Subsequently, TSH, fT4 and fT3 laboratory tests, which are the routine tests in all CKD patients, were requested. Presence, number, location, size of thyroid nodules, isthmus thickness and total thyroid volume were recorded.
Results: 26 of the patients in our study were female and 31 were male. The mean age of the patients 51,98 ± 18,22. The thyroid volume was 16,57 ± 9,97 mL. Thyroid nodules were detected in 27 (%47,4) of 57 patients. Thyroid nodules were seen to be more common in female gender and with increasing age. Also there was positive correlation between dialysis duration and thyroid nodule. %92,6 of the patients in our study were euthyroid.
Conclusion: We found that the frequency of thyroid nodules increased in patients with CKD who undergoing hemodialysis. We found that thyroid nodules were more common in women and with increasing age. In addition, we found that the longer the dialysis duration, the more frequent the thyroid nodule. Routine thyroid USG was recommended to patients with CKD who undergoing hemodialysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thyroid nodule, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis

Kaynakça

• Cotoi, L., et al., Thyroid Pathology in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis. Diagnostics, 2020. 10(4): p. 245.
• Pakfetrat, M., et al., Prevalence of hypothyroidism and thyroid nodule in chronic hemodialysis Iranian patients. Hemodialysis International, 2017. 21(1): p. 84-89.
• Cuna, V., et al., Functional abnormalities and thyroid nodules in patients with end-stage renal disease. in vivo, 2017. 31(6): p. 1203-1208.
• Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD), Tiroid hastalıkları tanı ve tedavi klavuzu. 2023. 1-364 p. https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/202305120904-2023tbl_kilavuz.pdf
• Üstün İ, Ö.M., Nodüler guatr. Endokrinoloji metabolizma ve diyabet.2. baskı, 2011: p. 119-126.
• Cooper, D.S., et al., Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines taskforce on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 2009. 19(11): p. 1167-1214.
• Akarsu, E., et al., Iodine deficiency and goiter prevalence of the adult population in Erzurum. ACTA MEDICA-HRADEC KRALOVE-, 2005. 48(1): p. 39.
• Aydin, Y., et al., Spectrum and prevalence of nodular thyroid diseases detected by ultrasonography in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Medical Ultrasonography, 2014. 16(2): p. 100-106.
• Bradley, S., Stephan F, Coelho JB, and Reville P. The thyroid and the kidney. Kidney Int, 1974. 6: p. 346-365.
• Amato, A.A., G.M. Santos, and F.d.A.R. Neves, Thyroid hormone action in chronic kidney disease. Current opinion in endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 2008. 15(5): p. 459-465.
• Elzakil, M.G., A.; Gameraddin, M.; Burai, M.; Alagab, F. , sonographic assessment of thyroid gland in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Int. J. Diagnostic Imaging 2017.
• Ibrahim, I.A., et al., Abnormalities in Thyroid Function and Morphology in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Med. J. Cairo Univ, 2016. 84(1): p. 143-148.
• Lim, V.S., et al., Thyroid dysfunction in chronic renal failure: a study of the pituitary-thyroid axis and peripheral turnover kinetics of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1977. 60(3): p. 522-534.
• Kutlay, S., et al., Thyroid disorders in hemodialysis patients in an iodine‐deficient community. Artificial organs, 2005. 29(4): p. 329-332
• Lin, C.C., et al., Thyroid dysfunction and nodular goiter in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Peritoneal dialysis international, 1998. 18(5): p. 516-521.
• Pakfetrat, M., et al., Prevalence of hypothyroidism and thyroid nodule in chronic hemodialysis Iranian patients. Hemodialysis International, 2017. 21(1): p. 84-89.
• Miki, H., et al., Thyroid nodules in female uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Journal of surgical oncology, 1993. 54(4): p. 216-218.
• Kaptein, E.M., et al., The thyroid in end-stage renal disease. Medicine, 1988. 67(3): p. 187-197
• Gharib, H., et al., AACE/ACE/AME Task Force on Thyroid Nodules. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules–2016 update. Endocr Pract, 2016. 22(5): p. 622-39.
• Kølendorf, K., B.B. Møller, and P. Rogowski, The influence of chronic renal failure on serum and urinary thyroid hormone levels. European Journal of Endocrinology, 1978. 89(1): p. 80-88.
• Lebkowska, U., J. Malzsyko, and M. Mysliwiec, Thyroid wolume, strukture and thyroid function in hemodialysed and peritoneally dialysed patients. Pol J Radiol, 2004. 69(1): p. 54-5