Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders from an Islamic Perspective

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 411 - 437, 30.12.2022

Hatice Kubra Memis

https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2022.33.1.1096891

Öz

In modern medicine and technologies, it is commonly accepted and recognized by the laws in western countries that patients have decision-making rights regarding the end of their lives. While people can choose medical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), some may refuse it for personal, moral, social, or religious reasons. Sometimes, when treatment is futile, it is possible to make an end-of-life decision with a recommendation from a doctor. Therefore, issues that must be addressed in both ethical and Islamic terms surround end-of-life decisions. One of these issues involves Do-NotResuscitate (DNR) orders. DNR is a decision that means treatment methods are not applied to a patient when their breathing or heart has stopped for some reason. This decision is taken either because of a testament signed by the person when they were healthy or because the doctor cannot perform any curative intervention. In this study, the status and applicability of DNR orders will be investigated from an Islamic Bioethics perspective, and fatwas will be cited to clarify the status of DNR orders in Islam. Additionally, because DNR is essentially the refusal or withholding of medical treatment, the provisions of Islam concerning seeking medical treatment and withholding treatment have been extensively researched. This study aims to demonstrate that DNR instructions are Islamically applicable in cases where treatment is unnecessary, considering classical and contemporary Islamic sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Law, Islamic Bioethics, End-of-Life, DNR orders, Seeking Remedy, Withholding Treatment, Islam Hukuku, Islami Biyoetik, Yasam sonu kararlari, DNR talimatları, Tedavi olma, Tedavinin Esirgenmesi

Canlandırmayın (DNR) Talimatlarının İslam Hukukuna Göre Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Günümüzde insanlar hayatlarının sonu hakkında karar vermeyi kişisel hak olarak görüyorlar. Tıbbi olarak kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon (KPR) şansına sahip olsalar da bazı insanlar kişisel, sosyal veya dini motivasyonları nedeniyle bunu kullanmayı reddedebilir. Bazen doktorlar hastanın durumuna göre tedavinin sonuçsuz kalacağını öngörerek, hastayı canlandırmama kararı verebilmektedirler. Bu nedenle, hayatın sonu kararları hem etik hem de İslami açıdan ele alınması gereken konuları içerebilmektedir. Bu sorunlardan biri Canlandırmama (DNR) emirleridir. DNR, herhangi bir nedenle kişinin solunumu veya kalbi durduğunda hastaya tedavi yöntemlerinin uygulanmaması kararıdır. Bu karar, ya kişinin sağlıklıyken imzaladığı vasiyetname nedeniyle ya da hastanın durumunun umutsuz olduğu durumlarda doktorun tedavi için herhangi bir tedavi edici müdahalede bulunamaması nedeniyle alınır. Bu araştırmada, İslami Biyoetik perspektifinden DNR emirlerinin durumu ve uygulanabilirliği araştırılacak ve DNR emirlerinin İslam’daki statüsünü netleştirmek için konu ile alakalı verilen fetvalar incelenecektir. Ayrıca, DNR özünde tedaviyi reddetme ya da tedavi uygulamamayı barındırdığı için, İslam’da tıbbi yardım alma hükümleri ve tedavinin esirgenmesi konuları kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tedavinin yararsız olduğu durumlarda DNR talimatlarının fıkhi açıdan uygulanabilir olduğunu klasik İslam ve günümüz İslam kaynakları ışığında göstermektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islam Hukuku, Islami Biyoetik, Yasam sonu kararlari, DNR talimatları, Tedavi olma, Tedavinin Esirgenmesi

Kaynakça

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