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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>dehukamder</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>DEHUKAM Journal of the Sea and Maritime Law</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2602-4055</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-2556</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara Üniversitesi Deniz Hukuku Ulusal Araştırma Merkezi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64199/dehukamder.1724828</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Space, Maritime and Aviation Law</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Uzay, Denizcilik ve Havacılık Hukuku</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>The Legal Effect of Fault in General Average and Reflections on P&amp;I Coverage:  A Comparative Analysis in the Context of the York-Antwerp Rules</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Müşterek Avaryada Kusurun Hukuki Etkisi ve Kulüp Sigortalarına Yansıması:  York-Anvers Kuralları Bağlamında Mukayeseli Bir İnceleme</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-077X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Doğan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Furkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Reading</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251120">
                    <day>11</day>
                    <month>20</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>DEHUKAM 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı</issue>
                                        <fpage>141</fpage>
                                        <lpage>218</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250622">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251114">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>14</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, DEHUKAM Deniz Hukuku Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>DEHUKAM Deniz Hukuku Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This article examines the legal effect of fault in the emergence of a peril giving rise to a general average act under the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC), the York–Antwerp Rules (YAR) and P&amp;amp;I Club insurance, with a comparative focus on English and American practice. General average is founded on the principle that extraordinary, intentional and reasonable sacrifices or expenses made to safeguard the vessel and cargo engaged in a common maritime adventure from a shared peril should be proportionately borne by all parties benefiting from them. However, where the peril arises due to the fault of one party, this mechanism gives rise to complex legal questions. The article first analyses the historical development, legal nature and elements of general average within the framework of the TCC and YAR. It then considers the role of fault, emphasising that factual fault alone is insufficient, the fault must be legally actionable. At the heart of the analysis lies Rule D of the YAR, which adopts a two-stage approach: fault is disregarded during the adjustment process but may be relied upon at the enforcement stage through defences. The study further differentiates between fault giving rise to the general average act itself and faults occurring during its execution, evaluating their causal relevance and the impact of contractual or statutory exemptions on the notion of actionable fault and contribution claims. Finally, it examines how P&amp;amp;I Club cover responds where the carrier is precluded from claiming contribution due to its own actionable fault, thereby illustrating the interrelationship between general average and liability insurance.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, müşterek avarya eylemine yol açan tehlikenin ortaya çıkmasında kusurun hukuki sonuçlarını Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK), York-Anvers Kuralları (YAK) ve P&amp;amp;I Kulüp sigortaları bağlamında ele almakta, bu kapsamda İngiliz ve Amerikan uygulamaları da mukayeseli olarak incelenmektedir. Müşterek avarya, ortak bir deniz sergüzeştine katılmış gemi ve yükün karşı karşıya kaldığı müşterek bir tehlikeden korunması amacıyla gerçekleştirilen, iradi ve makul olağanüstü fedakârlıkların ve giderlerin, bu tehlikeden menfaat sağlayan tüm taraflarca orantılı biçimde karşılanmasına dayanan bir kurumdur. Ancak bu paylaşım mekanizmasının adil şekilde işlemesi, tehlikenin taraflardan birinin kusurundan kaynaklanması hâlinde, karmaşık hukuki sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Makalede, öncelikle müşterek avaryanın tarihsel gelişimi, hukuki niteliği ve kurucu unsurları TTK ve YAK hükümleri çerçevesinde analiz edilmekte, ardından kusur olgusunun müşterek avarya taleplerine etkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, kusurun fiilen mevcut olmasının tek başına yeterli olmadığı, asıl belirleyici unsurun kusurun hukuken sorumluluk doğuracak nitelikte (actionable fault) olup olmadığı hususu incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın temel eksenini oluşturan YAK’nın D maddesi uyarınca, dispeçin hazırlanması aşamasında kusurun dikkate alınmaması, buna karşılık, ifa aşamasında kusurlu tarafa karşı ileri sürülebilecek savunma ve defi haklarının korunması şeklindeki iki aşamalı yaklaşım değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, eyleme bizatihi sebep olan kusurdan farklı olarak, müşterek avarya kararının icrası sırasında ortaya çıkan kusurların nedensellik bağı üzerindeki etkileri ile sözleşmeden veya yasadan kaynaklanan muafiyet hükümlerinin ‘dava edilebilir kusur’ kavramına ve dolayısıyla katkı taleplerine yansımaları ele alınmaktadır. Son olarak, taşıyanın kendi dava edilebilir kusuru nedeniyle müşterek avarya katkısı alamaması durumunda, P&amp;amp;I Kulüp sigortalarının sağladığı teminat mekanizmaları değerlendirilerek, müşterek avarya rejiminin sigortacılık boyutuyla kurduğu yapısal ilişki ortaya konulmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Müşterek Avarya</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  York-Anvers Kuralları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dava Edilebilir Kusur</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kusurun Müşterek Avarya Katkılarına Etkisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  P&amp;I Kulüp Sigortaları</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>General Average</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  York–Antwerp Rules</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Actionable Fault</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Effect of Fault on General Average Contributions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  P&amp;I Club Insurance</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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