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<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>demiryolu mühendisliği</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Demiryolu Mühendisliği</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2149-1607</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-2463</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Demiryolu Mühendisleri Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47072/demiryolu.1207956</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Classification of Rail Surface Defects and Rail Cracks by Convolutional Residual Network Model</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Ray Yüzey Kusurları ve Ray Kırıklarının Evrişimli Artık Ağ Modeli ile Sınıflandırılması</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-8883</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Başaran</surname>
                                    <given-names>Murat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKİŞEHİR TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ULAŞTIRMA MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, MOTORLU ARAÇLAR VE ULAŞTIRMA TEKNOLOJİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-4238</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akbayır</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ömür</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKİŞEHİR TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-9863</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Fidan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKİŞEHİR TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-9191</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Sertsöz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mine</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKİŞEHİR TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-2991</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Öztürk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Muhammet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKİŞEHİR TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240131">
                    <day>01</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>19</issue>
                                        <fpage>160</fpage>
                                        <lpage>170</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20221121">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20231225">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, Demiryolu Mühendisliği</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Demiryolu Mühendisliği</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Since railway transportation is a reliable, competitive, and environmentally friendly transportation and freight alternative, it is inevitable that the traffic on railway lines will increase today. Increasing frequency of trips as a result of increasing passenger demand, combined with increased train speeds and increased loads, brings significant additional loads to the existing railway superstructure. These additional loads increase the likelihood of possible problems on the rails. Accordingly, the defects seen in the rails have become more important; It has become of great importance to check the rails for defects and to carry out their maintenance in a timely manner. In this work, rail images were trained with a convolutional artificial neural network using Residual Network architecture, and defects on the rail and rail cracks were classified with high success. Thus, it is thought that it can contribute to maintenance and repair activities by detecting serious rail surface defects at the initial stage, which are likely to interfere with each other and may also be the precursor of rail crack problems.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Demiryolu taşımacılığı, güvenilir, rekabetçi ve çevre dostu bir ulaşım ve yük taşıma alternatifi olduğu için günümüzde, demiryolu hatlarındaki trafiğin artması kaçınılmaz bir durumdur. Artan yolcu talebi sonucu sıklaşan seferler, tren hızlarının yükselmesi ve yüklerinin artması ile birleşince mevcut demiryolu üstyapısına önemli ek yükler getirmektedir. Bu ek yükler, raylarda olası problemlerin ortaya çıkma olasılığını arttırmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, raylarda görülen kusurlar daha önemli hale gelmiş; rayların kusurlara karşı kontrol edilmesi ve bakımının zamanında yapılması büyük önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ray görüntüleri Artık Ağ mimarisini kullanan evrişimli yapay sinir ağı ile eğitilmiş ve ray üzerindeki kusurlar ve ray kırıkları yüksek bir başarıyla sınıflandırılmıştır. Böylelikle birebirine karışma ihtimali fazla olan ve ayrıca ray kırığı probleminin öncülü olabilecek ciddi ray yüzey kusurlarının başlangıç aşamasında tespiti ile bakım onarım faaliyetlerine katkı sunabileceği düşünülmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Demiryolu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ray yüzey kusurları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Derin Öğrenme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ResNet-50</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Railway</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Rail surface defects</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Deep learning</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ResNet-50</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Araştırma Destek Projesi (ADP)</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>22ADP036</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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    </article>
