<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>demiryolu mühendisliği</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Demiryolu Mühendisliği</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2149-1607</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-2463</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Demiryolu Mühendisleri Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47072/demiryolu.1892430</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Resource Technologies</subject>
                                                            <subject>Machine Design and Machine Equipment</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Kaynak Teknolojileri</subject>
                                                            <subject>Makine Tasarımı ve Makine Elemanları</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Yerli Raylı Sistem Araçlarında Alüminyum ve Çelik Gövde Yapılarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Comparative Analysis of Aluminum and Steel Body Structures in Domestic Rail System Vehicles</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-4965</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Sarıhan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ahmet Taner</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAKARYA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-8386</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Korkmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Furkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAKARYA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-5764</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akkaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nuri</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAKARYA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260405">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>05</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>24</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260219">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>19</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260405">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, Demiryolu Mühendisliği</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Demiryolu Mühendisliği</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de ilk kez yerli imkanlarla üretilen alüminyum gövdeli elektrikli tren seti (EMU) yolcu vagonu ile konvansiyonel çelik gövdeli muadilinin mühendislik metrikleri açısından karşılaştırmalı analizini sunmaktadır. Analiz kapsamında; parça sayısı, yapısal ağırlık, kaynak sarfiyatı ve üretim süresi gibi ölçülebilir parametreler saha verileri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. EN 12663-1 ve EN 13981-1 standartlarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilen üretim ve montaj süreçlerinden elde edilen bulgular, alüminyum gövde tasarımının modüler ekstrüzyon kabiliyeti sayesinde parça sayısını %90 oranında azalttığını ve gövde kütlesinde %30’un üzerinde bir hafifleme sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu yapısal değişim, kaynak teli tüketimini %66 oranında düşürürken, toplam üretim süresinde %37,5’lik bir verimlilik artışı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, EN 13981-1 uyarınca yapılan yorulma testleri, alüminyum kaynaklı birleşimlerin dinamik yükler altındaki sınırlarını belirleyerek tasarım optimizasyonu için kritik veriler sunmuştur. Sonuç olarak alüminyum gövde kullanımı; demiryolu taşımacılığında enerji verimliliği, düşük bakım maliyetleri ve sürdürülebilirlik hedefleri doğrultusunda stratejik bir çözüm olarak öne çıkmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study presents a comparative analysis of the first indigenously manufactured aluminum-bodied electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger car in Turkey and its conventional steel-bodied counterpart in terms of engineering metrics. Within the scope of the analysis, measurable parameters such as the number of components, structural weight, welding consumption, and production time were evaluated based on field data. The findings obtained from the production and assembly processes, carried out in compliance with EN 12663-1 and EN 13981-1 standards, revealed that the aluminum body design reduced the number of components by 90% through modular extrusion capabilities and achieved a weight reduction of over 30% in the car body mass. This structural shift resulted in a 66% decrease in welding wire consumption and a 37.5% increase in overall production efficiency. Furthermore, fatigue tests conducted according to EN 13981-1 provided critical data for design optimization by determining the limits of aluminum-welded joints under dynamic loads. Consequently, the use of aluminum bodies stands out as a strategic solution for energy efficiency, low maintenance costs, and environmental sustainability goals in rail transportation.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Demiryolu Taşımacılığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Alüminyum Gövde</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hafifletme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MIG Kaynağı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yorulma Dayanımı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yerli Üretim.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Rail Transportation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Aluminum Car Body</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Lightweighting</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MIG Welding</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Fatigue Strength</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Indigenous Production.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[1]	F. Dinçer and T. Elbir, “Estimating national exhaust emissions from railway vehicles in Turkey,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 374, no. 1, pp. 127–134, Mar. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.043</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2]	R. M. Mayer, L. D. Poulikakos, A. R. Lees, K. Heutschi, M. T. Kalivoda, and P. Soltic, “Reducing the environmental impact of road and rail vehicles,” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 25–32, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2011.02.001</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[3]	A. Cascino, E. Meli, and A. Rindi, “Dynamic size optimization approach to support railway carbody lightweight design process,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit, vol. 237, no. 7, pp. 871–881, 2022, doi: 10.1177/09544097221140933</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[4]	V. Sharma, F. Zivic, D. Adamovic, P. Ljusic, N. Kotorcevic, V. Slavkovic and N.Grujovic, “Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods for Selection of Lightweight Material for Railway Vehicles”, Materials, 2023, 16(1), 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010368</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[5]	A. Cascino, E. Meli and A. Rindi, “Comparative Analysis and Dynamic Size Optimization of Aluminum and Carbon Fiber Thin-Walled Structures of a Railway Vehicle Car Body”, Materials, 2025, 18(7), 1501. doi: 10.3390/ma18071501</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[6]	H. Lee, S. Jung, H. Hak Jang, D. Shin, J. Lee, K. Kim and G. Park, “Structural-optimization-based design process for the body of a railway vehicle made from extruded aluminum panels”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2015, 230(4), doi: 10.1177/0954409715593971</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[7]	B. Miao, Y. Luo, Q. Peng, Y. Qiu, H. Chen, and Z. Yang, “Multidisciplinary design optimization of lightweight carbody for fatigue assessment,” Mater. Des., vol. 194, p. 108910, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108910</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[8]	I. J. Polmear, Light alloys: from traditional alloys to nanocrystals, 4th ed. Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier, 2006</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[9]	X. Sun, X. Han, C. Dong, and X. Li, “Applications of aluminum alloys in rail transportation,” in Aluminium Alloys, London, U.K.: IntechOpen, 2021, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.100678</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[10]	A. Syaifudin, E. M. Nurfadillah, A. R. Farid, and A. Windharto, “Strength consideration on car body of light rail transit making from aluminum extrusion,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1034, p. 012025, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1034/1/012025</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[11]	J. R. Davis, Aluminum and aluminum alloys. Materials Park, OH, USA: ASM International, 1993</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[12]	Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Products for structural railway applications — Technical conditions for inspection and delivery — Part 1: Extruded products, EN 13981-1, European Committee for Standardization, 2006</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[13]	Railway applications — Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies — Part 1: Locomotives and passenger rolling stock, EN 12663-1, European Committee for Standardization, 2010</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[14]	M. Grasso, A. Gallone, A. Genovese, L. Macera, F. Penta, G. Pucillo, and S. Strano, “Composite material design for rail vehicle innovative lightweight components,” in World Congress on Engineering, 2015</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[15]	T. Trzepieciński and S. M. Najm, “Current trends in metallic materials for body panels and structural members used in the automotive industry,” Materials, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 590, 2024, doi: 10.3390/ma17010590</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[16]	A. Cascino, E. Meli, and A. Rindi, “Comparative analysis and dynamic size optimization of aluminum and carbon fiber thin-walled structures of a railway vehicle car body,” Materials, vol. 18, p. 1501, 2025, doi: 10.3390/ma18041501</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[17]	A. Saeedi, M. Motavalli, and M. Shahverdi, “Recent advancements in the applications of fiber-reinforced polymer structures in railway industry—a review,” Polym. Compos., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 77–97, 2023, doi: 10.1002/pc.27817</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[18]	O. Ünal, N. Akkaş, and A. T. Sarıhan, “Raylı sistem araçlarında kullanılan alüminyum alaşımlarının kaynak işleminde sıcaklık dağılımının iki boyutlu sayısal simülasyonu”, Demiryolu Mühendisliği, no. 16, pp. 91–101, 2022, doi: 10.47072/demiryolu.1127197</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
