The Symbolic and Mythological Dimensions of the Griffin Motif in Scythian Art

This study examines the symbolic and mythological dimensions of the griffin motif within the broader context of Scythian art, emphasizing its multifaceted roles in visual culture, social identity, and cosmological thought. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of archaeological finds (including gold plaques, weapon fittings, horse trappings, and funerary assemblages) this research situates the griffin within both local steppe traditions and the wider networks of cultural exchange spanning the Near East, the Achaemenid world, and Greek colonies along the Black Sea. The study argues that the griffin was not merely a decorative or ornamental figure; rather, it functioned as a complex symbol embodying protective, liminal, and ideological functions. It mediated between the earthly and the divine, reinforced elite status, and played a central role in funerary practices, serving as a guardian of the deceased and a marker of cosmological understanding. The article also explores the stylistic adaptations and regional variations of the motif, highlighting how Scythian craftsmen transformed external influences into a distinct visual language that expressed mobility, dynamism, and predatory power. By situating the griffin within cross-cultural interactions and steppe nomadic worldviews, this research illuminates the processes of symbolic innovation and syncretism, demonstrating how the motif reflects both local creativity and engagement with broader artistic and mythological traditions in the Iron Age.