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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2147-4958</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-4419</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69878/deuefad.1575553</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture</subject>
                                                            <subject>Contemporary Drama Studies</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü</subject>
                                                            <subject>Çağdaş Tiyatro Çalışmaları</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>ENTELEKTÜEL ARAYIŞLAR VE ETİK İKİLEMLER: TOM STOPPARD’IN THE HARD PROBLEM ADLI OYUNU ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR ANALİZ</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-6706</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Pala</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yavuz</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Atatürk Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>13</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>16</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20241029">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260319">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>19</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışma, Tom Stoppard’ın The Hard Problem adlı eserinde entelektüelliğin doğasına odaklanarak, insan bilincinin ve etik sorumlulukların doğası üzerine derinlemesine bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana odağı olan entelektüel tartışma, ‘özgecilik’, ‘tutsak ikilemi’ ve ‘bencil gen’ teorisi gibi fikir ve kavramlar üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada bu kavram ve fikirler, insan doğasını tamamen evrimsel biyoloji ve bencil gen teorisi ile açıklayan başkahraman Spike ile insan doğasını sadece fiziksel eylemlerin bir sonucu olarak açıklayan evrimsel yaklaşımlara şüpheyle yaklaşan ve özgecilik kavramının gerekliliğini ve önemini vurgulayan Hilary üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Bu makale, entelektüalizm açısından gerçek özgeciliğin uygulanabilirliğini sorgulamakta ve evrimsel biyolojide soylu bir çaba gibi görünen şeyin çoğu zaman kişisel çıkarla iç içe geçtiğini öne süren tartışmalara bir bakış sunmaktadır. Makale ayrıca çağdaş toplumlarda entelektüellerin rollerini ve sorumluluklarını tartışmakta ve Louis Althusser, Antonio Gramsci, Julien Benda ve Edward Said’in entelektüeller hakkındaki teorileri ışığında oyundaki iki ana fikri karşılaştırmaktadır. Makale, felsefi fikirleri ve bilincin zor problemini ele alarak çağdaş toplumda entelektüellerin rolü ve kimliği üzerine eleştirel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This study offers an in-depth examination of the nature of human consciousness and ethical responsibilities, focusing on the nature of the intellectualism in Tom Stoppard’s The Hard Problem. The intellectual debate, which is the main focus of the study, is discussed through ideas and concepts such as, ‘altruism’ and ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’ and ‘selfish gene’ theory. This study elaborates on these concepts and ideas through the protagonist Spike, who explains human nature entirely in terms of evolutionary biology and the selfish gene theory, and Hilary, who is sceptical of evolutionary approaches that explain human nature solely as a result of physical actions and emphasises the necessity and importance of the concept of altruism. This article questions the feasibility of true altruism in terms of intellectualism and offers a glimpse into debates in evolutionary biology which suggests that what appears to be a noble endeavour is often intertwined with self-interest. The article further discusses the roles, responsibilities and positions of intellectuals in contemporary societies and compares the two main ideas in the play in the light of the theories on intellectuals of Louis Althusser, Antonio Gramsci, Julien Benda and Edward Said. The article offers a critical perspective on the role and identity of intellectuals in contemporary society dealing with the philosophical ideas and the hard problem of consciousness.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Altruism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Intellectual</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The Selfish Gene</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Prisoner’s Dilemma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tom Stoppard</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The Hard Problem</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Özgecilik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Entelektüel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bencil Gen</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tutsak İkilemi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tom Stoppard</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The Hard Problem</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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    </article>
