<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1308-0911</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>The Bystanders’ Effect: A Game Theoretic Approach To One Social Dilemma Situation</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Görgü Tanıklarının Etkisi: Sosyal Bir İkilem Durumu Üzerine Oyun Teorisi Yaklaşımı</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Küçükşenel</surname>
                                    <given-names>Serkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Urhan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ü. Barış</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20140320">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>20</month>
                    <year>2014</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>15</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>649</fpage>
                                        <lpage>662</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20150120">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1999, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>AbstractIn social psychology, the bystander effect, defined as a social dilemma, is related to the probability of help to a victim by the mere presence of others. This dilemma has been generally assumed, by game theoreticians and experimental economists, to represent the same social phenomenon as the volunteer’s dilemma. In this paper, we analyze these two different social dilemmas and the main question of the article is whether these two different social dilemmas represent the same social state. We first provide a broad literature review, and discuss the game theoretical foundation of the volunteer’s dilemma. Then, we provide an alternative theoretical explanation for the bystander effect and discuss the differences between these two social states.Keywords:Behavioral Economics, Bystander Effect, Volunteer&#039;s Dilemma, Altruism, Social Dilemma.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>ÖzSosyal psikolojide “görgü tanıklarının etkisi” olarak ifade edilen sosyal ikilem, herhangi bir durumda mağdur konumundaki bir kişiye etrafındaki diğer kişilerin yardım etme ihtimalleri ile ilgilidir. Oyun teorisyenleri ve deneysel iktisatçılar tarafından bu sosyal ikilemin genel olarak gönüllülerin ikilemi ile aynı sosyal olguyu ifade ettiği varsayılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, farklı isimlerle anılan ancak aynı sosyal olguyu ifade ettiği tartışılan bu iki farklı ikilemi incelemektir. Makalenin temel sorusu “acaba bu iki sosyal ikilem, aynı sosyal olguyu mu temsil etmektedir?” şeklindedir. Çalışma öncelikle geniş bir literatür taraması verecek, ardından oyun teorik bir yaklaşım ile gönüllülerin ikileminin çözümünü ortaya koyacak ve son olarak görgü tanıklarının etkisi için alternatif bir teorik yaklaşım sunarak bu iki durumun benzer ve farklı yönlerini tartışacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Davranışsal İktisat, Görgü Tanığı Etkisi, Gönüllünün İkilemi, Fedakârlık, Sosyal İkilem.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Davranışsal İktisat</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Görgü Tanığı Etkisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Gönüllünün İkilemi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Behavioral Economics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Bystander Effect</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Volunteer&#039;s Dilemma</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Batson, C. D., Van Lange, P. A. M., Ahmad, N. ve Lishner, D. A. (2003). Altruism and helping behavior. M. A. Hogg ve J. Cooper (Ed.) The Sage handbook of social psychology: İçinde 279-295. Londra: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bickman, L. (1971). The effect of another bystander’s ability to help on bystander intervention in an emergency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7 (3): 367-379.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chekroun, P. ve Brauer, M. (2002). The bystander effect and social control behavior: the effect of the presence of others on people’s reactions to norm violations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32 (6): 853-867.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cramer, R. E., McMaster, M. R., Bartel, P. A. ve Dragna, M. (1988). Subject competence and minimization of the bystander effect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18 (13): 1133-1148.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Darley, J. M. ve Latane, B. (1968a). Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8 (4): 377-383.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Darley, J. M. ve Latane, B. (1968b). Group inhibition of Bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10 (3): 215-221.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Diekmann, A. (1985). Volunteer’s dilemma. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 29 (4): 605-610.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fehr, E. ve Schmidt, K. (1999). A theory of fairness, competition and cooperation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (3): 817-868.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Franzen, A. (1995). Group size and one-shot collective action. Rationality and Society, 7 (2): 183-200.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gansberg, M. (27.03.1964). Thirty-eight who saw murder didn&#039;t call the police. New York Times.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gilovich, T., Keltner, D. ve Nisbett, R. E. (2006). Social psychology. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company Inc.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Goeree, J. K., Holt, C. A. ve Moore, A. K. (2005). An experimental examination of the volunteer’s dilemma. İnternet çalışma tebliği. http://people.virginia.edu/~cah2k/vg_paper.pdf, (01.02.2014).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hewstone, M., Stroebe, W. ve Klaus, J. (2008), Introduction to social psychology - A European perspective. Londra: Blackwell Publishing.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hogg, M. A. (2004). SAGE benchmarks in social psychology, Volume II: Social İnteraction. Londra: SAGE Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Küçükşenel, S. (2012). Behavioral mechanism design. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 14 (5): 767-789.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Latane, B. ve Dabbs, J. M. (1975). Sex, group size and helping in three cities. Sociometry, 38 (2): 180-194.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levine, M. (1999). Rethinking bystander nonintervention: social categorization and the evidence of withnesses at the James Bulger murder trial. Human Relations, 52 (9): 1133-1155.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levy, P., Lundgren, D., Ansel, M., Fell, D., Fink, B. ve McGrath, J. E. (1972). Bystander effect in a demand-without-threat situation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24 (2): 166-171.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Murnighan, J. K., Kim, J. W. ve Metzger, A. R. (1993). The volunteer dilemma. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38 (4): 515-538.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pantin, H. M. ve Carver, C. S. (1982). Induced competence and the bystander effect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 12 (2): 100-111.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rapoport, A. (1988). Experiments with N-person social traps I: prisoner&#039;s dilemma, weak prisoner&#039;s dilemma, volunteer&#039;s dilemma, and largest number. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32 (3): 457-472.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weesie, J. (1993). Asymmetry and timing in the volunteer’s dilemma. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 37 (3): 569-590.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weesie, J. ve Franzen, A. (1998). Cost sharing in a volunteer&#039;s dilemma. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42 (5): 600-618.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
