Peri-implantitis Prevalansında Türk Popülasyonundaki 3 Yıllık Takibinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 65 - 71, 31.12.2023

Tugay Özkeskin , Büşra Akçay Damar , Mehmet Yaltırık

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, peri-implantitisin Türk popülasyonundaki prevalansını değerlendirmek, sistemik hastalıkların, sigara ve ilaç kullanımının peri-implantitis üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve marjinal kemik kaybına neden olabilecek diğer faktörleri araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma implant uygulanmış 205 hasta ve uygulanan 694 implant ile yapılmıştır. Düzenli takiplerine gelen hastaların dosyaları incelenmiş, panoramik röntgenler üzerinden kemik kayıpları hesaplamış, 2 mm ve üzeri kemik kaybı olan ve muayenesi sırasında pürülan akıntı ve/veya sondalamada kanama bulunan implantlar peri-implantitisli, en az bir peri-implantitisli implantı bulunan veya kemik kaybına bağlı uygulaması başarısız olan implanta sahip hastalar peri-implantitise sahip hasta olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ölçümlerde protetik tedavi başlangıcı öncesi alınan röntgenler ilk, protetik tedaviyi takiben üçüncü yılda alınan röntgen son röntgen kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilirken, istatistiksel analizler için IBM SPSS Statistics 22 programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metodların (frekans) yanısıra niceliksel niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Ki-Kare testi ve Continuity (Yates) Düzeltmesi kullanılmıştır. Kemik kaybı ve periimplantitis üzerine etkileri değerlendirmek için tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık p<0,05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Sistemik hastalığı bulunan ve bunlarla ilgili tedavi gören/görmeyen ve ağızda implant sayısı 9-12 arası olan hastalarda peri-implantitis görülme sıklığı anlamlı derecede fazla bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Yine sistemik hastalığı bulunan ve bunlarla ilgili tedavi gören/görmeyen (p<0,05), sigara kullanan (p<0,05), periodontitis geçmişi bulunan (p<0,05) hastalara uygulanan implantlarda 2 mm ve üzeri kemik kaybı görülme oranı anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Maksilla posteriora uygulanan implantlarda (p<0,05), dar çaplı implantlarda (p<0,05) ve hareketli proteze destek olan implantlarda (p<0,05) kemik kaybı anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde sistemik hastalığın, sigara kullanımının, hastanın periodontitis geçmişinin ve uygulanan implant sayısındaki artışının bir risk faktörü olarak kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir ve implantın uygulandığı bölgenin ve implant çapının kemik kaybı üzerine etkisi olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alveoler kemik kaybı, dental implant, peri-implantitis, sigara, sistemik hastalık

Retrospective Evaluation Prevalence of Peri-implantitis in the Turkish Population for 3 Years

Öz

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implantitis in the Turkish population, to examine the effects of systemic diseases, smoking, and drug use on peri-implantitis, and to investigate other factors that may cause marginal bone loss.
Material and Method: The study was conducted with 205 patients who received implants and 694 implants. The files of the patients who came for regular follow-up were examined, bone loss was calculated based on panoramic x-rays, implants with 2 mm or more bone loss and purulent discharge and bleeding on probing were detected with peri-implantitis, those with at least one implant with peri-implantitis or implants with bone loss. Patients with failed implants were considered to have peri-implantitis. In the measurements, the X-rays taken before the start of prosthetic treatment were considered the first, and the X-rays taken in the third year following the prosthetic treatment were considered the last X-ray. While evaluating the findings obtained in the study, the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used for statistical analysis. While evaluating the study data, in addition to descriptive statistical methods (frequency), Chi-Square test and Continuity (Yates) Correction were used to compare quantitative and qualitative data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effects on bone loss and peri-implantitis. Significance was evaluated at p<0,05 level.
Results: The incidence of peri-implantitis was significantly higher in patients with systemic diseases and those receiving or not receiving treatment for them and with the number of implants in the mouth between 9-12 (p<0,05). Again, the rate of bone loss of 2 mm or more is significantly higher in implants applied to patients who have systemic diseases and are treated or not treated for them (p<0,05), who smoke (p<0,05), and who have a history of periodontitis (p<0,05). Bone loss was found to be significantly higher in implants applied to the posterior maxilla (p<0,05), narrow-diameter implants (p<0,05), and implants supporting removable prosthesis (p<0,05).
Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, systemic disease, smoking, the patient’s history of periodontitis, and the increase in the number of implants applied should be considered as risk factors, and it seems that the area where the implant is applied and the implant diameter affect bone loss.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alveolar bone loss, dental implant, peri-implantitis, smoking, systemic disease

Kaynakça

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