Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective
Abstract
This study investigates cybersecurity practices in Turkish primary and secondary education by analyzing official policy documents through a document analysis methodology. Without requiring ethical approval or field data collection, the study examines publicly available regulations and strategic plans from the Ministry of National Education (MoNE), the Information Technologies Authority (BTK), and the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK). Findings indicate that current Turkish policies emphasize technical security measures but lack sufficient structures for teacher training, student awareness, and institutional oversight. These policies are compared against the European Union's NIS2 Directive and the Cyber Resilience Act, revealing key discrepancies, especially in multi-factor authentication, incident logging, and staff training requirements. The study concludes that cybersecurity should be addressed not only as a technical issue but also as an educational and institutional priority, proposing a holistic vision for improving digital resilience in Turkey's K-12 education system.
Keywords
References
- Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
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- ENISA. (2025). NIS2 implementation guidelines for education sector. https://www.enisa.europa.eu
- European Parliament & Council. (2022). Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity. https://eur-lex.europa.eu
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- MEB (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı). (2023). Bilgi ve Sistem Güvenliği Yönergesi. https://meb.gov.tr
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Information Security Management
Journal Section
Review Article
Publication Date
July 31, 2025
Submission Date
July 30, 2025
Acceptance Date
July 31, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 2 Number: 1
APA
Kandır, M. O., & Uğur, S. (2025). Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective. Digital Security and Media, 2(1), 16-31. https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM
AMA
1.Kandır MO, Uğur S. Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective. DISEM. 2025;2(1):16-31. https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM
Chicago
Kandır, Murat Osman, and Serap Uğur. 2025. “Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective”. Digital Security and Media 2 (1): 16-31. https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM.
EndNote
Kandır MO, Uğur S (July 1, 2025) Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective. Digital Security and Media 2 1 16–31.
IEEE
[1]M. O. Kandır and S. Uğur, “Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective”, DISEM, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16–31, July 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM
ISNAD
Kandır, Murat Osman - Uğur, Serap. “Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective”. Digital Security and Media 2/1 (July 1, 2025): 16-31. https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM.
JAMA
1.Kandır MO, Uğur S. Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective. DISEM. 2025;2:16–31.
MLA
Kandır, Murat Osman, and Serap Uğur. “Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective”. Digital Security and Media, vol. 2, no. 1, July 2025, pp. 16-31, https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM.
Vancouver
1.Murat Osman Kandır, Serap Uğur. Cyber Security in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: A Document-Based Evaluation from Institutional, Teacher and Student Perspective. DISEM [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 1;2(1):16-31. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA53SC63GM