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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>douj</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1308-6979</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Doğuş Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31671/doujournal.1724140</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Foreign Trade</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Dış Ticaret</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A CAUSALITY ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE AND THE DOLLAR INDEX: THE SAMPLE OF FOREIGN TRADE IN TURKEY AND THE BSEC COUNTRIES</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>TİCARET VE DOLAR ENDEKSİ İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE VE KEİ ÜLKELERİ DIŞ TİCARETİ ÖRNEĞİ</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-8486</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çelik</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kenan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-5047</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Turgut</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mertcan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-547X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ahlat</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aslı</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260329">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>27</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1034</fpage>
                                        <lpage>1050</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250620">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260115">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The purpose of this study is to examine the existence of a causal relationship between Turkey’s bilateral trade flows with Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) countries and the dollar index. Turkey’s geographical proximity to the BSEC region facilitates increased trade with countries in this region. The similar economic structures of BSEC countries strengthen integration and ensure the efficient use of resources. The movements of the dollar index play a major role in this process. The value of the dollar shapes the development of mutual relations by affecting trade costs and directly influences the success of economic integration. Accordingly, the Granger Causality test was applied using monthly data for the period 2002:1-2023:9 to determine the direction of causality. The results show that for all countries except Albania, there is a unidirectional Granger causality between Turkey’s exports to the BSEC countries and the dollar index. On the other hand, the Granger causality relationship between imports and the dollar index is bidirectional for Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Serbia, and unidirectional for other countries. No Granger causality relationship was found for Azerbaijan and Georgia. Therefore, the interaction between Turkey’s foreign trade with the BSEC and the dollar index may vary depending on the economic structure of the BSEC countries.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği (KEİ) ülkeleriyle ikili ticaret akımları ve dolar endeksi arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını incelemektir. Türkiye’nin KEİ bölgesine coğrafi yakınlığı, bu bölgedeki ülkelerle ticaretinin artmasına olanak tanımaktadır. KEİ ülkelerinin benzer ekonomik yapıları entegrasyonu güçlendirmekte ve kaynakların etkin kullanımını sağlamaktadır. Bu süreçte dolar endeksinin hareketleri büyük rol oynamaktadır. Doların değeri, ticaret maliyetlerini etkileyerek karşılıklı ilişkilerin gelişimini şekillendirmekte ve ekonomik entegrasyonun başarısını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, 2002:1-2023:9 dönemi için aylık veriler kullanılarak nedenselliğin yönünün belirlenmesi için Granger Nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, Arnavutluk hariç tüm ülkeler için Türkiye’nin KEİ ülkelerine ihracatı ile dolar endeksi arasında tek yönlü Granger nedensellik olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan, ithalat ile dolar endeksi arasındaki Granger nedensellik ilişkisi Bulgaristan, Kuzey Makedonya ve Sırbistan için çift yönlü, diğer ülkeler için tek yönlüdür. Azerbaycan ve Gürcistan için ise Granger nedensellik ilişkisinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye ile KEİ arasındaki dış ticaretin dolar endeksi ile etkileşimi KEİ’nin ekonomik yapısına göre farklılık gösterebilmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Dolar Endeksi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dış Ticaret</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Granger Nedensellik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  KEİ Ülkeleri.</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Dollar Index</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Foreign Trade</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Granger Causality</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  BSEC Countries</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Turkey</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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