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EXPERİMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY ZOONOSİS

Yıl 2005, Sayı: 009, 175 - 186, 15.12.2005

Öz

Zoonosis is defined as ‘Naturally transmitted diseases and infections between vertebrates and humans’ by WHO. Etiologic agents are various virus, bacteria and parasites. İn most cases, animals play the porter role for the zoonotic agent and infection does not develop in them. Epidemiologic of zoonotic diseases varies acorrding to ecological factors like climate, hygiene and socioeconomical conditions[1].

Clasisification of zoonotic diseases:

a) Direct zoonotic diseases: Direct contact or mechanical vectors transmit the agent from infected vertebrate host to sensitive vertebrate. Developmental changes or reproduction does not occur during transmission of microorganism. Examples: Rabies, Trichinellosis, Brucellosis.

b) Cyclozoonotic diseases: More than one vertebrate host is necessary. Non-vertebrates are never be used as host. Examples: Human tanenia, Echinococcosis, Pentastoma infections.

c) Metazoonotic infections: The agent reproduce develop or both reproduce and develop in a non-vertebrate host befor the vertebrate host. Examples: Arbovirus, Plague, Schistosomiosis.

d) Saprozoonotic infections: Non-animal developmental enviroment like plant seed or other organic materials are necessary for transmission of this infections. Examples: Larva migrans,

some mycotic diseases.

Direct contact with faeces, urine, saliva, blood, meat products or oral or airway tract is the way of conduction for zoonotic diseases.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Harkness JE, Wagner JE. The biology and medicine of rabbits and rodents Fourth Edition. Philadephia, USA, Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
  • [2] Doğanay M. Bacillus anthracis ve diğer Bacillus türleri. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1533-1543.
  • [3] Daniel P.L. Bacillus anthracis. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2215-2220.
  • [4] Penn C.C, Klotz S.A. Bacillus anthracis and other aerobik spore formers. In:Gorbach Sl, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR. Infectious Diseases. Second Edition. Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders Company, 1998:1747-1750.
  • [5] Schwan TG, Burgdorfer W, Rosa PA. Borrelia. In: Murray PR, Baron EF, Pfaller MA, Tenover PC, Yolken RH (eds), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 7th edition, Washington DC:ASM,1999:746.
  • [6] Rand MS. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Zoonotic Diseases (Text Modified from Document Created by, DVM, ACLAM). http://research.ucsb.edu/iacuc/zoonotic.shtml
  • [7] Young E.J. Brucella Species. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2386-2393.
  • [8] Fox JG, Lipman NS. Infections transmitted by large and small laboratory animals. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 1991; 5:131-63.
  • [9] Hasçelik G. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1523-1526.
  • [10] Takahashi T, Tahagi M, Sawada T. Cross protection in mice and swine immunized with live erysipelas vaccine to challenge exposure with strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of various serotypes. Am J Vet Res 1994;45:2115-2118.
  • [11] Slater L.N, Welch D.F. Bartonella species, including cat-scratch disease. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2444-2457.
  • [12] Dumler J.S, Walker D.H. Rickettsia typhi. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2053-2056.
  • [13] Lorber B. Listeria monocytogenes. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2208-2215.
  • [14] Sönmez E. Listeria monocytogenes. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1528-1533.
  • [15] Kelley P.w. leptospirosis. In:Gorbach Sl, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR. Infectious Diseases. Second Edition. Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders Company, 1998:1580- 1587.
  • [16] Cevenini R. Tick borne zoonosis: selected clinical and diagnostic aspects Parassitologia. 2004;46:109-13.
  • [17] Stere C.A. Borrelia burgdorferi. . In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2208-2215.
  • [18] White NJ. Melioidosis. Lancet. 2003;361:1715-22.
  • [19] Leelarasamee A.Recent development in melioidosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004;17:131-6.
  • [20] Cooke FJ, Kodjo A, Clutterbuck EJ, Bamford KB. A case of Pasteurella multocida peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2004;8:171-4.
  • [21] Kuehn BM. CDC: rabies transmitted through organ donation. Veterinarians urged to remain vigilant. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;22:489-90.
  • [22] Srinivasan A, Burton EC, Kuehnert MJ, et al; Rabies in Transplant Recipients Investigation Team. Transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2005 ;352:1103-11.
  • [23] Nunan CP, Tinline RR, Honig JM, Ball DG, Hauschildt P, LeBer CA. Postexposure treatment and animal rabies, Ontario, 1958 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:214-7.
  • [24] Agalar C, Usubutun S, Tutuncu E, Turkyilmaz R. Comparison of two regimens for ciprofloxacin treatment of enteric infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1997;16:803-6.
  • [25] Doğancı L, Baylan O. Spirillum minus. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1772-1774.
  • [26] Tarnvik A, Berglund L. Tularaemia. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:361-73.

DENEYSEL ARAŞTIRMA LABORATUVARI VE ZOONOZİS

Yıl 2005, Sayı: 009, 175 - 186, 15.12.2005

Öz

Zoonozis, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından “vertebralı hayvanlar ve insanlar arasında doğal yollarla geçiş yapan hastalıklar ve enfeksiyonlar” olarak tarif edilmektedir. Virüs, bakteri ve parazitleri içeren çeşitli etkenler tarafından oluşturulur. Çoğu olayda hayvan, sadece zoonotik etken taşıyıcısı olarak rol oynar, kendisinde herhangi bir enfeksiyon gelişmez. Zoonotik hastalıkların dünya üzerindeki dağılımı, hava koşulları, hijyen ve sosyoekonomik koşullar gibi ekolojik faktörler tarafından değişmektedir [1].

Zoonoz sınıflandırılması:

a. Direkt zoonozlar: Enfekte vertebralı konaktan etkene duyarlı vertebralı konağa direkt temas veya mekanik vektörler aracılığıyla geçerler. Geçiş sırasında organizmada gelişimsel değişim veya üreme olmaz. Örneğin: Kuduz, Trişinozis, Brusellozis.

b. Siklozoonozlar: Vertebralı birden fazla konağa ihtiyaç duyarlar. Vertebrasızlar konak olarak kullanılmaz. Örneğin: İnsan tenyaları, Ekinokokkozis, Pentastoma enfeksiyonları.

c. Metazoonozlar: Etken, vertebralı konağa geçmeden önce vertebrasız bir konakta çoğalır, gelişir veya hem çoğalır hem de gelişir. Örneğin: Arbovirüsler, Veba, Şistosomiazis.

d. Saprozoonozlar: Bu enfeksiyonların geçişi için bitki tohumu, gübre veya diğer organik materyaller gibi hayvan dışı gelişim yeri gereklidir. Örneğin: Larva migrans, bir takım mikotik hastalıklar.

Zoonotik hastalıkların bulaş yolları ise dışkı, idrar, salya, kan, süt, hayvansal besinler, hayvanlarla veya altlarına serilen saman/talaş ile direkt temas ve ağız veya solunum yoludur.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Harkness JE, Wagner JE. The biology and medicine of rabbits and rodents Fourth Edition. Philadephia, USA, Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
  • [2] Doğanay M. Bacillus anthracis ve diğer Bacillus türleri. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1533-1543.
  • [3] Daniel P.L. Bacillus anthracis. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2215-2220.
  • [4] Penn C.C, Klotz S.A. Bacillus anthracis and other aerobik spore formers. In:Gorbach Sl, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR. Infectious Diseases. Second Edition. Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders Company, 1998:1747-1750.
  • [5] Schwan TG, Burgdorfer W, Rosa PA. Borrelia. In: Murray PR, Baron EF, Pfaller MA, Tenover PC, Yolken RH (eds), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 7th edition, Washington DC:ASM,1999:746.
  • [6] Rand MS. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Zoonotic Diseases (Text Modified from Document Created by, DVM, ACLAM). http://research.ucsb.edu/iacuc/zoonotic.shtml
  • [7] Young E.J. Brucella Species. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2386-2393.
  • [8] Fox JG, Lipman NS. Infections transmitted by large and small laboratory animals. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 1991; 5:131-63.
  • [9] Hasçelik G. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1523-1526.
  • [10] Takahashi T, Tahagi M, Sawada T. Cross protection in mice and swine immunized with live erysipelas vaccine to challenge exposure with strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of various serotypes. Am J Vet Res 1994;45:2115-2118.
  • [11] Slater L.N, Welch D.F. Bartonella species, including cat-scratch disease. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2444-2457.
  • [12] Dumler J.S, Walker D.H. Rickettsia typhi. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2053-2056.
  • [13] Lorber B. Listeria monocytogenes. In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2208-2215.
  • [14] Sönmez E. Listeria monocytogenes. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1528-1533.
  • [15] Kelley P.w. leptospirosis. In:Gorbach Sl, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR. Infectious Diseases. Second Edition. Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders Company, 1998:1580- 1587.
  • [16] Cevenini R. Tick borne zoonosis: selected clinical and diagnostic aspects Parassitologia. 2004;46:109-13.
  • [17] Stere C.A. Borrelia burgdorferi. . In: Mandel GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, USA, Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2208-2215.
  • [18] White NJ. Melioidosis. Lancet. 2003;361:1715-22.
  • [19] Leelarasamee A.Recent development in melioidosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004;17:131-6.
  • [20] Cooke FJ, Kodjo A, Clutterbuck EJ, Bamford KB. A case of Pasteurella multocida peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2004;8:171-4.
  • [21] Kuehn BM. CDC: rabies transmitted through organ donation. Veterinarians urged to remain vigilant. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;22:489-90.
  • [22] Srinivasan A, Burton EC, Kuehnert MJ, et al; Rabies in Transplant Recipients Investigation Team. Transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2005 ;352:1103-11.
  • [23] Nunan CP, Tinline RR, Honig JM, Ball DG, Hauschildt P, LeBer CA. Postexposure treatment and animal rabies, Ontario, 1958 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:214-7.
  • [24] Agalar C, Usubutun S, Tutuncu E, Turkyilmaz R. Comparison of two regimens for ciprofloxacin treatment of enteric infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1997;16:803-6.
  • [25] Doğancı L, Baylan O. Spirillum minus. Topçu A.W, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. (eds) İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2002:1772-1774.
  • [26] Tarnvik A, Berglund L. Tularaemia. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:361-73.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

C. Ağalar Bu kişi benim

T.R. Aydos Bu kişi benim

H. Gürdal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Sayı: 009

Kaynak Göster

APA Ağalar, C., Aydos, T., & Gürdal, H. (2005). DENEYSEL ARAŞTIRMA LABORATUVARI VE ZOONOZİS. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University(009), 175-186.