Latin Amerika'da Ticari Liberizasyon ve Cinsiyetler Arası Ücret Farkı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 79 - 89, 31.12.2024

Gülşah Adam

Öz

Heckscher-Ohlin modeli, düşük vasıflı işgücüne sahip gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde ticaretin serbestleştirilmesinin toplumsal cinsiyet kaynaklı ücret farkını azaltacağını öne sürmektedir; çünkü bu ekonomiler, düşük vasıf gerektiren emek-yoğun ihracatlarda uzmanlaşma eğilimindedir. Kadınların genellikle düşük vasıflı işlerde istihdam edilmesi nedeniyle, bu değişimin kadın işgücüne olan talebi artırması ve bu sektörlerdeki ücretlerin yükselmesi beklenir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1995-2014 yılları arasında on iki Latin Amerika ülkesinde ticaretin serbestleşmesinin toplumsal cinsiyet ücret farkı üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektir. Bu bağlamda, Latin Amerika ülkelerinin üzerindeki etkileri incelemek için statik ve dinamik panel veri modelleri uygulanmıştır. Her iki yaklaşımdan elde edilen bulgular, ticaretin serbestleşmesinin Latin Amerika ülkelerinde toplumsal cinsiyet ücret farkını artırdığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, ticaret ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri arasındaki karmaşık dinamikleri daha iyi anlamak için alternatif teorik yaklaşımların araştırılmasının gerekliliğine dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ticari Liberizasyon, Cinsiyet Arası Ücret Farkı, Latin Amerika, Panel ARDL Modeli

Bridging The Gap: Trade Liberalisation and The Gender Wage Divide in Latin America

Öz

Hecksher-Ohlin model posits that trade liberalisation serves to diminish the gender wage divide in developing economies with an abundance of lower-skilled labour, as these economies tend to specialise in low-skilled, labour-intensive exports. Since women are frequently employed in lower-skilled roles, this shift increases demand for their labour, raising wages in these sectors. The objective of the paper is to conduct an analysis of the impacts of trade liberalisation on the gender wage gap in twelve Latin American countries between 1995 and 2014. Static and dynamic panel data models are applied to investigate the effects on Latin American countries. The findings from both approaches indicate that trade liberalisation has, in fact, widened the gender wage gap in Latin American countries. This paper, therefore, underscores the necessity of exploring alternative theoretical approaches to better comprehend the complex dynamics between trade and gender inequalities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trade Liberalisation, Gender Wage Gap, Latin America, Panel ARDL Model

Kaynakça

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