Adölesan Gebelerde Depresyonun Psikososyal Risk Faktörleri

Abstract

Amaç: Adölesan gebelikleri bireyin psikolojik, bedensel ve sosyal gelişimini olumsuz etkiler ve bu gebeliklerde depresyona daha sık rastlanır. Bu çalışmada, adölesan gebelerde antenatal depresyonun yaygınlığı ile psikolojik ve sosyal nedenlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipteki anket çalışması, Mayıs 2019 ve Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin antenatal polikliniğine başvuran 272 adölesan gebe ile yapıldı. Gebelere, demografik ve psikososyal özellikler ile obstetrik öykünün sorgulandığı yapılandırılmış anket formu ve Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği (EPDÖ) uygulandı. Bulgular: Adölesan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 17,2±0,8 (aralık, 14-19) yıl olup 232 (%85,3)’si evli ve ortalama evlilik yaşı 16,6±1,3 yıl idi. EPDÖ toplam puan ortalaması 8,7±6,2 bulundu ve gebelerin 58 (%21,3)’inde depresif semptomlar tespit edildi. Eğitim düzeyi azaldıkça, depresif semptomların görülme sıklığı artmaktaydı (p=0,001). EPDÖ skoru ≥13 olan 58 adolesan gebenin, 36 (%62,1)’sında depresyon öyküsü bulunurken, diğer 22 (%37,9)’sinde depresyon öyküsü yoktu. Geçirilmiş depresyon öyküsü veren gebelerde depresyon semptomlarının görülme sıklığı anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,001). Depresyon riski puanı ≥13 olan toplam 17 gebeye depresyon tanısı konularak, psikiyatrik yardım ve danışmanlık verildi. Sonuç: Adölesan gebelerde, düşük eğitim seviyesi ve geçirilmiş depresyon öyküsü antenatal depresyon ile yakından ilişkilidir. Antenatal depresyonun tanınması ve psikolojik desteğe ihtiyacı olan adölesanların belirlenmesi için etkin antenatal tarama tüm adölesan gebelere, öncelikle risk faktörü taşıyan gebelere yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

• Adölesan gebelik;
• antenatal depresyon
• Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents

Abstract

Aim: Pregnancy in adolescence can negatively affect psychological, physical, and social development, and depression is more common in these pregnancies. This study aimed to investigate frequency of antenatal depression, and its psychological and social antecedents, in adolescent pregnancies. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included 272 pregnant adolescents admitted to the antenatal outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital between May and August 2019. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and a structured questionnaire about demographic and psychosocial characteristics, and obstetric history, were used. Results: The mean age of the pregnant adolescents was 17.2±0.8 (range, 14-19) years, 232 (85.3%) of them were married, and their mean age at first marriage was 16.6±1.3 years. The mean total EPDS score was 8.7±6.2, and 58 (21.3%) of them had depressive symptoms. As education level decreased, the frequency of depressive symptoms increased (p=0.001). In total, 36 (62.1%) of the 58 pregnant adolescents with an EPDS score ≥13 had a history of depression; the other 22 (37.9%) had no history. The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in pregnant adolescents with a history of depression (p=0.001). In total, 17 pregnant adolescents with a depression risk score ≥13 were diagnosed with depression, and psychiatric support and counseling were provided. Conclusion: In pregnant adolescents, low educational status and a previous history of depression were closely associated with antenatal depression. Effective antenatal screening should be performed in all pregnant adolescents, especially those with risk factors, to check for antenatal depression and identify those who need psychological support.

Keywords

• adolescent pregnancy
• antenatal depression
• Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale

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