Türkiye'de Deprem Felaketi: Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Depremin çocuk ve ergenler üzerinde uzun süre devam eden çeşitli zihinsel ve davranışsal etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu gözden geçirmenin amacı, psikiyatrik sorunların doğası ve kapsamını, yönetim seçeneklerini ve etkilenen çocuklar için psikolojik müdahaleleri organize etme sürecini tartışmaktır. Bireyler afet sonrasında başa çıkmalarına yardımcı olabilecek bir dizi fiziksel, duygusal ve bilişsel olarak sağlıklı tepkiler gösterir. Bazı çocuklarda ise travma sonrası akut stres reaksiyonları, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, depresyon, anksiyete bozukluğu, artmış suisid riski, uyku bozuklukları, madde kullanım bozuklukları ve psikotik bozukluklar gibi psikiyatrik belirtiler gelişebilmektedir. Komorbiditeler ve sub-klinik sendromlar da yaygındır. Ruhsal bozuklukların gelişimde çok sayıda risk faktörü ve koruyucu faktör bulunmaktadır. Yüksek risk altındaki çocukların yakın takibi ile psikosoyal destek müdahalelerinde bulunulması ruhsal bozuklukların gelişimini engelleyebilir. Müdahaleye en erken dönemde başlamak çok önemlidir. Genç afet kurbanlarının psikolojik etkileri, vasıflı yerel gönüllüler, tıp uzmanları ve temel sağlık hizmetleri programlarındaki eğitmenler tarafından ele alınabilir. Ulusun genel sosyal ve ekonomik hızlı iyileşmesi ile çocuklar travmatik deneyimlerden daha çabuk kurtulabilir.

Keywords

• deprem
• afet
• çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi

The Earthquake Disaster in Türkiye: A Review from Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Perspective

Abstract

The earthquake has long-lasting various mental and behavioral effects on children and adolescents. The aim of this review was to discuss the nature and extent of psychiatric problems, management options, and the process of organizing psychological interventions for affected children. Individuals show a range of physically, emotionally, and cognitively healthy responses that can help them cope with the aftermath of a disaster. Psychiatric symptoms such as acute stress reactions, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, increased risk of suicide, sleep disorders, substance use disorders, and psychotic disorders may develop in some children. Comorbidities and sub-clinical syndromes are also common. There are many risk factors and protective factors in the development of mental disorders. Close follow-up of children at high risk and interventions for psychosocial support may prevent the development of mental disorders. It is very important to start the intervention at the earliest period. The psychological impacts of young disaster victims can be addressed by skilled local volunteers, medical professionals, and educators in primary health care programs. With the nation's overall social and economic recovery, children can recover more quickly from traumatic experiences.

Keywords

• earthquake
• disaster
• child and adolescent psychiatry

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