The Relationship between Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is Obesity the Only Mediating Factor between the Two?

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the possible reciprocal relationship between idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to February 2024. Patients with IIH and age and gender-matched controls without IIH were included. Information on age, gender, comorbidities, smoking, and alcohol consumption was recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and a BMI ≥30 was considered obese. Berlin questionnaire and STOP-BANG questionnaire were administered to all participants. High risk for OSA was determined if participants responded affirmatively to at least three out of the eight questions on the STOP-BANG questionnaire, or if two out of the three categories showed positive results on the Berlin questionnaire. Results: Sixty patients with IIH and 120 controls participated. There were no significant differences between groups regarding age (p=0.437) and gender distribution (p=0.716). The percentage of obese subjects was significantly higher in the IIH group (p<0.001). The Berlin and STOP-BANG results showed that the IIH group had higher risks for OSA than the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed obesity as the only factor independently associated with high-risk classification with the Berlin questionnaire. In the STOP-BANG survey, higher age, male gender, obesity, and hyperlipidemia were independently related to high-risk classification. Conclusion: Obesity is a common risk factor for both OSA and IIH. The coexistence of OSA and IIH may cause increased morbidity and mortality rates in both diseases. Therefore, we recommend that patients with IIH be screened for OSA risk.

Keywords

• Pseudotumor cerebri
• sleep apnea
• obstructive
• body mass index
• obesity

İdiyopatik İntrakraniyal Hipertansiyon ve Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi Arasındaki İlişki: İkisi Arasındaki Tek Aracı Faktör Obezite mi?

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı idiyopatik intrakraniyal hipertansiyon (İİH) ve obstrüktif uyku apnesi (OSA) arasındaki olası karşılıklı ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma Ekim 2023 ile Şubat 2024 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. İİH'li hastalar ve İİH'si olmayan yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu kontroller çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Yaş, cinsiyet, komorbiditeler, sigara içme ve alkol tüketimine ilişkin bilgiler kaydedilmiştir. Vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) hesaplanmış ve VKİ ≥30 olanlar obez olarak kabul edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılara Berlin anketi ve STOP-BANG anketi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar STOP-BANG anketindeki sekiz sorudan en az üçüne olumlu yanıt verdiğinde veya Berlin anketinde üç kategoriden ikisi olumlu sonuç verdiğinde OUA için yüksek risk belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Altmış İİH hastası ve 120 kontrol grubu katılmıştır. Gruplar arasında yaş (p=0.437) ve cinsiyet dağılımı (p=0.716) açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. Obez bireylerin yüzdesi İİH grubunda anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0.001). Berlin ve STOP-BANG sonuçları, İİH grubunun kontrol grubuna göre OUA için daha yüksek risk taşıdığını göstermiştir. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi, Berlin anketinde yüksek risk sınıflandırması ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili tek faktörün obezite olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. STOP-BANG anketinde ise yüksek yaş, erkek cinsiyet, obezite ve hiperlipidemi bağımsız olarak yüksek risk sınıflandırması ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Obezite hem OSA hem de İİH için ortak risk faktörüdür. OSA ve İİH birlikteliği her iki hastalıkta da artmış morbidite ve mortalite oranlarına neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, İİH'li hastaların OSA riski açısından taranmasını öneriyoruz.

Keywords

• Psödotümör serebri
• uyku apnesi
• obstrüktif
• vücut kitle indeksi
• obezite

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