Solunum Hastalıklarında Deneysel Hayvan Modelleri

Year 2024, , 47 - 54, 30.06.2024

Pınar Yıldız Gülhan

https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1503737

Abstract

Akciğer hastalıkları, dünya genelinde morbidite ve mortalitenin önde gelen nedenlerindendir. Bu hastalıkların patogenezini anlamak ve yeni tedavi stratejileri geliştirmek için çeşitli hayvan modelleri kullanılmaktadır. Her model, astım ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) gibi yaygın rahatsızlıklardan interstisyel akciğer hastalıklarına kadar akciğer sağlığının çok yönlü doğasını inceleme fırsatı sunar. Bu modeller normal fizyolojiyi ve hastalık patofizyolojisini anlamak ve hastalıklara yönelik potansiyel tedavileri test etmek için eşsiz bir fırsat sağlarken, tüm hayvan modellerinin doğası gereği sınırlamaları vardır. Bu derlemede, astım, KOAH ve pulmoner fibroz gibi yaygın akciğer hastalıklarının deneysel modellerine odaklanılmıştır. Her modelin avantajları, dezavantajları ve insan hastalığına translasyonel potansiyeli tartışılmaktadır. Astım modelleri arasında fareler, kobaylar ve Drosophila bulunurken, KOAH için elastazla indüklenen amfizem, sigara dumanına maruziyet ve genetik olarak değiştirilmiş fareler kullanılmaktadır. Pulmoner fibroz için ise bleomisin, adenoviral TGF-β1 vektörü, silika ve genetik olarak değiştirilmiş fare modelleri mevcuttur. Bu modeller, hastalık mekanizmalarına dair değerli bilgiler sağlamış ve yeni terapötik hedeflerin belirlenmesine yardımcı olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, her modelin insan hastalığını tam olarak yansıtmadığı ve her birinin kendine özgü avantajları ve sınırlamaları olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Bu nedenle, klinik öncesi çalışmalarda elde edilen bulguların insanlara uygulanabilirliğini dikkatlice değerlendirmek önemlidir.

Keywords

Akciğer hastalıkları, deney hayvanı, patogenez

Experimental Animal Models in Respiratory Diseases

Abstract

Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various animal models are used to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Each model offers the opportunity to examine the multifaceted nature of pulmonary health, from common afflictions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to interstitial lung diseases. While these models provide a unique opportunity to understand normal physiology and disease pathophysiology and to test potential treatments for diseases, all animal models have inherent limitations. This review focuses on experimental models of common respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis. The advantages, disadvantages, and translational potential to human disease of each model are discussed. Asthma models include mice, guinea pigs, and Drosophila, while elastase-induced emphysema, cigarette smoke exposure, and genetically modified mice are used for COPD. For pulmonary fibrosis, bleomycin, adenoviral TGF-β1 vector, silica, and genetically modified mice models are available. These models have provided valuable insights into disease mechanisms and aided in identifying new therapeutic targets. However, it is important to note that no single model fully recapitulates human disease, and each has its own unique advantages and limitations. Therefore, careful consideration of the translatability of findings from preclinical studies to humans is crucial.

Keywords

Experimental animal, lung diseases, pathogenesis

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