Therapeutic Effects of Trolox and Neocuproine on Experimental Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Trolox and neocuproine treatment in an experimental rat model of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Material and Methods: Forty rats were grouped as Control, TBI, Trolox, and neocuproine. After the Marmarou Weight Drop Model was used to create TBI, 80 mg/kg/day Trolox (i.p.), and 100 μM/day Neocuproine (i.p.) treatments were applied in the 2nd hour. Open field, attention, and short-term memory novel object recognition tests were performed to measure locomotor activity. IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels in the hippocampus tissues of the rats were analyzed by the ELISA method. Results: Open field and novel object recognition test results showed that the total path traveled was significantly decreased in the TBI group compared to the control group (p<0.001). A significant increase in locomotor functions was observed in the Trolox (p=0.018) and neocuproine (p=0.002) groups compared to TBI. Short-term memory test results decreased in TBI compared to control (p<0.001), while they increased in the Trolox and neocuproine groups compared to TBI (both p<0.001). Hippocampus IL-1β (p=0.012) and TNF-α (p=0.011) levels increased, while IL-10 (p=0.031) and TGF-β (p=0.007) levels decreased compared to control in the TBI group. While all proinflammatory cytokine levels decreased, antiinflammatory cytokine levels increased in the Trolox and neocuproine groups compared to TBI. Conclusion: The present findings showed that Trolox and neocuproine treatments in TBI provided significant improvements in short-term memory, and locomotor activity levels by reducing proinflammatory cytokine production, and increasing antiinflammatory cytokine production.

Keywords

• Neocuproine
• Trolox
• traumatic brain injury
• locomotor activity
• neuroinflammation

Troloks ve Neokuproin’in Sıçanlarda Deneysel Hafif Travma Sonucu Beyin Hasarı Üzerindeki Terapötik Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hafif travmatik beyin hasarı (hTBH) olan deneysel rat modelinde Troloks ve neokuprin tedavilerinin terapötik etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kırk rat, kontrol, TBH, Troloks ve neokuprin olarak gruplandırıldı. TBH oluşturmak amacı ile Marmarou Weight Drop Model uygulandıktan sonraki 2. saat diliminde 80 mg/kg/gün Troloks (i.p.) ve 100 μM/gün neokuproin (i.p.) tedavileri yapıldı. Lokomotor aktiviteyi ölçmek için açık alan ve dikkat ve kısa süreli hafıza yeni nesne tanıma testleri gerçekleştirildi. Sıçanların hipokampüs dokularındaki IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α ve TGF-β düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Açık alan ve yeni nesne tanıma test sonuçları, alınan toplam yolun TBH grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli ölçüde azaldığını gösterdi (p<0,001). Troloks (p=0,018) ve neokuproin (p=0,002) gruplarında ise TBH’a kıyasla lokomotor fonksiyonlarında anlamlı bir artış gözlendi. Kısa süreli bellek test sonuçları, TBH’da kontrole kıyasla azalırken (p<0,001), Troloks ve neokuproin gruplarında ise TBH’a kıyasla arttı (her iki p<0,001). Kontrole kıyasla TBH grubunun hipokampüs IL-1β (p=0,012) ve TNF-α (p=0,011) seviyeleri artarken, IL-10 (p=0,031) ve TGF-β (p=0,007) seviyeleri azaldı. Troloks ve neokuproin gruplarında TBH’ye kıyasla tüm proinflamatuar sitokin seviyeleri azalırken, antiinflamatuar sitokin seviyeleri arttı. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, TBH’da Troloks ve neokuproin tedavilerinin proinflamatuar sitokin üretimini azaltarak ve antiinflamatuar sitokin üretimini artırarak kısa süreli bellek ve lokomotor aktivite düzeyinde anlamlı iyileşmeler sağladıklarını göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Neokuprin
• Troloks
• Travmatik beyin hasarı
• Lokomotor aktivite
• Nöroinflamasyon

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