Apigeninin Radyasyona Bağlı Özofagus Hasarına Karşı Koruyucu Etkileri: Sıçanlarda Yapılan Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 333 - 338, 25.12.2025

Hasan Ekrem Çamaş , Hasan Emre Yıldırım , Süleyman Emre Akın , Rasih Yazkan , İsa Döngel , Özlem Özmen

https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1718082

Abstract

Amaç: Radyoterapi (RT), yemek borusu, akciğer, baş-boyun ve mediasten kanserleri için temel bir tedavi yöntemidir. Ancak, radyasyona bağlı özofajit gibi ciddi yan etkileri nedeniyle etkinliği genellikle sınırlıdır ve bu durum tedavi sürekliliğini ve hastanın yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, anti-inflamatuar ve antioksidan özellikleri kanıtlanmış doğal bir flavonoid olan Apigenin'in deneysel bir sıçan modelinde RT kaynaklı özofagus hasarına karşı potansiyel koruyucu rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 40 sıçan dört gruba ayrıldı: RT, RT+Apigenin+Dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO), RT+DMSO ve Apigenin+DMSO. Uygun gruplara servikal bölgeye tek doz 16 Gy RT uygulandı. Doku hasarı ve inflamasyonu değerlendirmek için histopatolojik inceleme ve tümör nekroz faktörü-alfa (TNF-α) ekspresyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Histopatolojik incelemede, RT grubunda özofagus dokusunda belirgin hiperemi, mikrohemorajiler, erozyonlar ve hafif düzeyde inflamatuar yanıt izlendi (p<0,001). Buna karşın, RT+Apigenin+DMSO grubunda söz konusu histopatolojik bulgularda anlamlı derecede bir azalma gözlendi (p<0,001). İmmunohistokimyasal analizler sonucunda, RT grubunun özofagus epitel hücrelerinde TNF-α ekspresyonunun anlamlı şekilde arttığı tespit edildi (p<0,001). RT+Apigenin+DMSO grubunda ise TNF-α düzeylerinde belirgin bir azalma saptandı (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Apigeninin RT kaynaklı özofajiyal toksisiteye karşı potansiyel bir radyoprotektif ajan olarak işlev görebileceğini göstermektedir ve histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal bulgular bu koruyucu etkisini desteklemektedir. Klinik uygulamaya aktarılabilirliğini doğrulamak için ise daha ileri klinik öncesi ve kontrollü klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Apigenin , Radyoterapi , Özofajit

Protective Effects of Apigenin against Radiation-Induced Esophageal Injury: An Experimental Study in Rats

Abstract

Aim: Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone treatment for cancers of the esophagus, lung, head and neck, and mediastinum. However, its efficacy is often limited by serious side effects, such as radiation-induced esophagitis, which can compromise treatment continuity and patient quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective role of Apigenin, a natural flavonoid with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, against RT-induced esophageal injury in an experimental rat model.
Material and Methods: A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups: RT, RT+Apigenin+Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), RT+DMSO, and Apigenin+DMSO. A single 16 Gy dose of RT was given to the cervical area in the appropriate groups. Histopathological examination and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) expression analysis were used to evaluate tissue damage and inflammation.
Results: Histopathological examination revealed marked hyperemia, microhemorrhages, erosions, and mild inflammatory response in the esophageal tissue of the RT group (p<0.001). In contrast, the RT+Apigenin+DMSO group exhibited a significant reduction in these histopathological findings (p<0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in TNF-α expression in the esophageal epithelial cells of the RT group (p<0.001). In the RT+Apigenin+DMSO group, a marked decrease in TNF-α levels was observed (p<0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggests that Apigenin may serve as a potential radioprotective agent against RT-induced esophageal toxicity, with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings supporting its protective effects. Further preclinical and controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm its translational applicability.

Keywords

Apigenin , Radiotherapy , Esophagitis

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