Association of COX-2 -765G>C and -1195A>G Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Bladder Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether functional promoter polymorphisms of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene, -765G>C (rs20417) and -1195A>G (rs689466), are associated with susceptibility and clinical features of bladder cancer in a Turkish population. Material and Methods: This case-control study involved 178 patients with bladder cancer and 214 healthy controls. Genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The study statistically analyzed the associations between the polymorphisms and cancer risk, tumor grade, stage, recurrence, and smoking status. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, or body mass index. No statistically significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies were observed for either polymorphism between patients and controls. Furthermore, no notable association was found with tumor grade, stage, or recurrence. However, the C allele at -765G>C and the G allele at -1195A>G were slightly more common in high-grade and high-stage (T2-T4) tumors. Still, these differences did not reach statistical significance, suggesting a possible trend. Smoking was more common in patients, but showed no significant association with the polymorphisms. Conclusion: The COX-2 -765G>C and -1195A>G polymorphisms were not associated with an increased bladder cancer risk or progression in this Turkish population. Larger, multi-ethnic studies are needed to validate these findings and explore gene-environment effects.

Keywords

• Cyclooxygenase-2
• -765G>C (rs20417)
• -1195A>G (rs689466)
• bladder cancer
• single nucleotide polymorphism

COX-2 -765G>C ve -1195A>G Tek Nükleotid Polimorfizmlerinin Mesane Kanseri Riski ile İlişkisi: Olgu-Kontrol Çalışması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, siklooksijenaz-2 (COX-2) geni promotör bölgesindeki -765G>C (rs20417) ve -1195A>G (rs 689466) fonksiyonel polimorfizmlerinin, Türk popülasyonunda mesane kanseri yatkınlığı ve klinik özellikleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu olgu-kontrol çalışmasına 178 mesane kanseri hastası ve 214 sağlıklı kontrol dâhil edilmiştir. Genotipleme polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu-restriksiyon fragman uzunluk polimorfizmi (PCR-RFLP) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, polimorfizmler ile kanser riski, tümör derecesi, evresi, rekürrens ve sigara içme durumu arasındaki ilişkiler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında yaş, cinsiyet veya vücut kitle indeksi açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Hastalar ve kontroller arasında her iki polimorfizm için de genotip veya alel frekansları bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. Ayrıca, tümör derecesi, evresi ve rekürrens ile de belirgin bir ilişki bulunmadı. Bununla birlikte, -765G>C polimorfizmindeki C aleli ve -1195A>G polimorfizmindeki G aleli yüksek dereceli ve yüksek evreli (T2-T4) tümörlerde bir miktar daha yaygındı. Yine de, bu farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi ve bu da potansiyel bir eğilimi işaret etmektedir. Sigara kullanımı hastalar arasında anlamlı derecede daha yaygın olmakla birlikte, polimorfizmlerle anlamlı bir ilişki göstermedi. Sonuç: COX-2 -765G>C ve -1195A>G polimorfizmleri, bu Türk popülasyonunda mesane kanseri riskinin artması veya progresyonu ile ilişkili değildir. Bu bulguların doğrulanabilmesi ve gen-çevre etkileşimlerinin araştırılabilmesi için daha geniş kapsamlı, çok etnik kökenli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Siklooksijenaz-2
• -765G>C (rs20417)
• -1195A>G (rs689466)
• mesane kanseri
• tek nükleotid polimorfizmi

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