Periferik Sinir Yaralanmalarında Kotinin Etkileri: Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Sigara içmek yaygın bir bağımlılık biçimidir ve sağlık için en büyük tehditlerden biridir. Nikotin, sigaranın ana bileşenlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, nikotinin aktif bir metaboliti olan kotininin sıçanlarda periferik sinir hasarına etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Basit randomizasyon metoduyla üç gruba ayrılan 42 erkek yetişkin albino-Wistar sıçan üzerinde çalıştık. Grup 1'e 21 gün boyunca 0,3 mg/kg/gün dozunda intraperitoneal olarak Cotinine® (C-5923-sigma) verildi. Grup 2'ye aynı şekilde Cotinine çözücüsü olan etil alkol, aynı doz ve sürede verildi. Grup 3, kapanma basıncı 50 gr/cm2 olan klips ile siyatik sinir kompresyonu yaralanmasına maruz bırakıldı. Grup 1 ve 2 ise 21 gün sonunda aynı tipte yaralanmaya maruz bırakıldı. Travmadan dört hafta sonra bütün gruplar sakrifiye edildi ve hasarlı siyatik sinir kesitleri histopatolojik analiz için alındı. Bulgular: Kotininin travmatik dejenerasyonu şiddetlendirdiği gözlenmiştir ve ayrıca kotininin özellikle fibrozun artışına neden olduğu görülmüştür. Kalın miyelinli fiberlerdeki Schwann hücrelerinde daha yüksek derecelerde dejenerasyona sebep olduğu ve ek olarak, bu hücrelerde mitokondriyal artış olduğu görüldü. Çoklu karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre travma grubunda Wallerian dejenerasyon sayısı hem ilaç kontrol (p=0,016) grubu hem de ilaç grubuna (p<0,001) göre anlamlı derecede daha düşüktü. Bu durumun oksidatif strese bir yanıt olarak geliştiği tahmin edilmektedir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, sigara içenlerde travmatik yaralanma sonrası periferik sinir yenilenmesinin olumsuz şekilde etkilenebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Sigara
• Nikotin
• Kotinin
• Periferik Sinir
• Travma

Cotinine Effects on Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Experimental Study

Abstract

Aim: Cigarette smoking is a common addictive manner and one of the greatest threats to health. Nicotine is one of the main components of cigarette. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of cotinine which is an active metabolite of nicotine, on peripheral nerve injury in rats. Material and Methods: We studied 42 male adult albino-Wistar rats that were divided into three groups with simple randomization method. Group 1 were given Cotinine® (C-5923-sigma) intraperitoneally, at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Group 2 were given ethyl alcohol, the solvent of Cotinine in the same way, dose and period. Group 3 were subjected to sciatic nerve compression injury by a clip, which has a closing pressure of 50 gr/cm2. Group 1 and 2 were subjected to the same type of injury at the end of 21 days. Four weeks later after trauma, both three groups were sacrificed and injured sciatic nerve sections are taken for histopathological analysis. Results: It was observed that cotinine aggravated the traumatic degeneration and as privileged caused to fibrosis. In the Schwann cells of thick-myelinated fibers exhibited higher grades of degeneration and mitochondrial augmentation. According to the multiple comparison results, the number of Wallerian degenerations in the trauma group was significantly lower than in both the drug-control (p=0.016) and drug (p<0.001) groups. This situation was estimated as a response to oxidative stress. Conclusion: This study reveals that peripheral nerve regeneration after traumatic injury may be affected negatively in smokers.

Keywords

• Cigarette
• Nikotine
• Cotinine
• Peripheral Nerve
• Trauma

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