BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Role of Free Radıcals and the Effect of Antıoxidants in Dıiabetes

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 30 - 39, 01.12.2005

Öz

Diabetes is a chronic metabolism disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide. Many mechanisms have been suggested in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The most accepted mechanism is that free radicals are the main cause of the complications. Oxidative stress can be managed by increasing antioxidant capacity in diabetes. The role of oxidative stress in diabetes and the effect of antioxidants have been examined in this review

Kaynakça

  • Vincent AM, Russell JW, Low P, Feldman EL: Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy. Endocrine Reviews. 25: 612–628, 2004.
  • Memisogullari R, Taysi S, Bakan E, Capoglu I: Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Biochem Func. 21: 291-296, 2003.
  • Sacks DB: Diabetes Mellitus. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, (Ed). Tietz Texbook of clinical chemistry. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co: 766- 776, 1999.
  • Cherubini A, Ruggiero C, Polidori MC, Mecocci C: Potential markers of oxidative stress in stroke. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 39: 841 – 852, 2005.
  • Memişoğulları R, Bakan E: Levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and lipid peroxidation in the serum of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 18: 193– 197, 2004.
  • Young IS, Woodside JV. Antioxidants in health and disease. J Clin Pathol 54:176-186, (2001)
  • Sözmen EY: Yaşlanma Biyokimyası. In Onat T, Emerk K, Sözmen EY (Eds) İnsan Biyokimyası, Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara pp: 665-674. 2002.
  • Pratic`o D: Antioxidants and endothelium protection. Atherosclerosis. 181: 215–224, 2005.
  • Alper G. Diyabet. In: Onat T, Emerk K, Sözmen EY, (eds). İnsan Biyokimyası. Ankara, Palme Yayıncılık, pp: 248-257, 2002.
  • Ostenson, C. G: The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an overview. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 171: 241– 247, 2001.
  • Akçay F, Aksoy H, Memişoğulları R: Effect of breast-feeding on concentration of nitric oxide in breast milk. Ann Clin Biochem. 39: 68-69, 2002.
  • Abou-Seif MA, Youssef A. Evaluation of some biochemical changes in diabetic patients. Clinica Chimica Acta 346 (2004) 161–170
  • Daimon M, Hama K, Susa S, Kimura M, Yamatani K, Ohnuma H, Manaka H, Kato T. Hyperglycemia is a factor for an increase in serum ceruloplasmin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21:1525-1528, (1998)
  • Niki E, Yoshida Y, Saito Y, Noguchi N: Lipid peroxidation: Mechanisms, inhibition, and biological effects. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 338: 668–676, 2005.
  • Şekeroğlu MR, Şahin H, Dülger H, Algün E: The effect of dietary treatment on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and serum lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem. 33:669-674, 2000.
  • Masella R, Benedetto RD, Varı R, Filesi C, Giovannini C: Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione- related enzymes. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 16: 577–586, 2005.
  • Taysi S: Oxidant/antioxidant status in liver tissue of vitamin B6 deficient rats. Clinical Nutrition. 24: 385–389, 2005.
  • Memişoğulları R, Çayır K, Keleş M, Akçay F: Plasma Homocysteine and Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with ESRD and The Effect of Hemodialysis on These Parameters. Turk J Biochem. 29 (4): 282-285, 2004.
  • Ozmen B, Ozmen D, Turgan N, Habif S, Mutaf I, Bayindir O: Association between homocysteinemia and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 32:279-86, 2002.
  • Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M: A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 59: 365–373, 2005.
  • Aydın A, Orhan H, Sayal A, Ozata M, Sahin G, Isımer A. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide related parameters in type II diabetes mellitus: effects of glycemic control. Clinical Biochemistry 34 (2001) 65–70
  • Lipinski, B: Pathophysiology of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 15: 203–210, 2001.
  • Memişoğulları R. Plazma Homosistein Düzeyleri ile Tip 2 Diyabet, Komplikasyonları, Kontrolü ve Süresi Arasındaki Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Uzmanlık Tezi, Erzurum, 2003
  • Memişoğulları R, Akçay F: Hiperhomosisteinemide Biyokimyasal Mekanizmalar. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Dergisi. 2(1):41-49, 2004.
  • Taysi, S., Polat, F., Gul, M., Sari, RA., Bakan, E: Lipid peroxidation, some extracellular antioxidants, and antioxidant enzymes in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International. 21 (5): 200–204, 2002.
  • Taysi S, Gul M, Sari RA, Akcay F, Bakan N: Oxidant/antioxidant status in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Chem Lab Med. 40: 684–688, 2002.
  • Habif S, Turgan N, Mutaf I, et al: Plasma catalase, glutathione peroxidase and selenium levels in adult diabetic patients. Tr J Med Sci. 27:139–141, 1997.
  • Taysi S, Kocer I, Memisogullari R, Kiziltunc A: Serum oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with Behcet's disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 32(4):377-82, 2002.
  • Komosin´ska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Olczyk P, Winsz-Szczotka K. Effects of metabolic control and vascular complications on indices of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 68 (2005) 207–216
  • Akkuş I, Kalak S, Vural H, Çağlayan O, Menekşe E, Can G, Durmuş B: Leukocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and serum and leukocyte vitamin c levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta. 244:221- 227, 1996.
  • Chao JC, Huang CH, Wu SJ, Yang SC, Chang NC, Shieh MJ, Lo PN: Effects of beta-carotene, vitamin C and E on antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic smokers. J Nutr Biochem. 13:427-434, 2002.
  • Steinberg FM, Chait A: Antioxidant vitamin
  • Bukan N, Sancak B, Bilgihan A, Kosova F, Bugdayci G, Altan N: The effects of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the heart tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 26(7):519-22, 2004.
  • Jialal I, Grundy SM: Effect of combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and beta carotene on low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Circulation. 88: 2780-2786, 1993.
  • Mamputu JC, Renier G: Advanced glycation end products increase, through a protein kinase C- dependent pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor expression in retinal endothelial cells Inhibitory effect of gliclazide. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 16:284–293, 2002.
  • Eijnwachter MP, Haenen GR, Bast A: Inhibition
  • of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 by
  • tocopherols and alpha-tocopherol derivatives.
  • Biochim Biophys Acta. 1548: 23-28, 2001.
  • Singh U, Jialal I: Anti-inflammatory effects of
  • Vallejo S, Angulo J, Peiro C, Sanchez-Ferrer A, Cercas E, Llergo JL, Nevado J, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Rodrigues-Manas L: Prevention of endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by gliclazide treatment. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 14: 224- 233, 2000. 203, 2004.
  • Alper G, Irer S, Duman E, Caglayan O, Yilmaz C: Effect of I-deprenyl and gliclazide on oxidant stress/antioxidant status and dna damage in a diabetic rat model. Endocr Res. 31(3):199-212, 2005.
  • oxidative stress in the kidney and lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic-rat. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Jan;75(1):71-80).
  • Yilmaz M, Bukan N, Ayvaz G, Karakoc A, Toruner F, Cakir N, Arslan M: The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 20(12):3333-40, 2005.
  • Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, Endocrine research, 27(3), 377-386 (2001)
  • Will JC, Byers T: Does diabetes mellitus increase Anuradha CV: Lipoic acid improves glucose utilisation and prevents protein glycation and AGE formation. Pharmazie. 60(10):772-5, 2005. 202, 1996
  • Rudich A, Tirosh A, Potashnik R, Khamaisi M, Bashan N: Lipoic acid protects against oxidative stress induced impairment in insulin stimulation of protein kinase B and glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetologia. 42:949–957, 1999. 35:212–20, 2003.
  • Maritim AC, Moore BH, Sanders RA,Watkins JB: Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress in streptozicin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Toxicol. 18:161–6, 1999.
  • Desco MC, Asensi M, Marquez R, et al: Xanthine oxidase is involved in free radical production in type 1 diabetes: protection by allopurinol. Diabetes. 51(4):1118–24, 2002.
  • Guerrero-Romero F, Rodrı´guez-Mora´na M: Complementary Therapies for Diabetes: The Case for Chromium, Magnesium, and Antioxidants. Archives of Medical Research. 36: 250–257, 2005.
  • Radfar M, Larijani B, Hadjibabaie M, Rajabipour B, Mojtahedi A, Abdollahi M: Effects of pentoxifylline on oxidative stress and levels of EGF and NO in blood of diabetic type-2 patients:a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother. 59(6):302-6, 2005.
  • Kedziora-Kornatowska KZ, Luciak M, Paszkowski: Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney: effect of treatment with angiotensin convertase inhibitors. IUBMB Life. 49:303–7, 2000.
  • Nieder C, Zimmermann FB, Adam M, Molls M. The role of pentoxifylline as a modifier of radiation therapy. Cancer Treatment Revıews. 31: 448–455, 2005.

Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 30 - 39, 01.12.2005

Öz

Diyabet tüm dünyada görülme sıklığı hızla artmakta olan kronik bir metabolizma bozukluğudur. Diyabetin ve komplikasyonlarının patogenezinde pek çok mekanizma ileri sürülmüştür. Bunlar içinde en fazla kabul göreni ise artan serbest radikallerin komplikasyonlara neden olmasıdır. Diyabette oluşan oksidatif stresle, antioksidan kapasiteyi arttırarak başa çıkılabilir. Bu derlemede oksidatif stresin diyabetteki rolü ve antioksidanların bu stresle başa çıkabilmedeki etkisi irdelenmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Vincent AM, Russell JW, Low P, Feldman EL: Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy. Endocrine Reviews. 25: 612–628, 2004.
  • Memisogullari R, Taysi S, Bakan E, Capoglu I: Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Biochem Func. 21: 291-296, 2003.
  • Sacks DB: Diabetes Mellitus. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, (Ed). Tietz Texbook of clinical chemistry. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co: 766- 776, 1999.
  • Cherubini A, Ruggiero C, Polidori MC, Mecocci C: Potential markers of oxidative stress in stroke. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 39: 841 – 852, 2005.
  • Memişoğulları R, Bakan E: Levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and lipid peroxidation in the serum of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 18: 193– 197, 2004.
  • Young IS, Woodside JV. Antioxidants in health and disease. J Clin Pathol 54:176-186, (2001)
  • Sözmen EY: Yaşlanma Biyokimyası. In Onat T, Emerk K, Sözmen EY (Eds) İnsan Biyokimyası, Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara pp: 665-674. 2002.
  • Pratic`o D: Antioxidants and endothelium protection. Atherosclerosis. 181: 215–224, 2005.
  • Alper G. Diyabet. In: Onat T, Emerk K, Sözmen EY, (eds). İnsan Biyokimyası. Ankara, Palme Yayıncılık, pp: 248-257, 2002.
  • Ostenson, C. G: The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an overview. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 171: 241– 247, 2001.
  • Akçay F, Aksoy H, Memişoğulları R: Effect of breast-feeding on concentration of nitric oxide in breast milk. Ann Clin Biochem. 39: 68-69, 2002.
  • Abou-Seif MA, Youssef A. Evaluation of some biochemical changes in diabetic patients. Clinica Chimica Acta 346 (2004) 161–170
  • Daimon M, Hama K, Susa S, Kimura M, Yamatani K, Ohnuma H, Manaka H, Kato T. Hyperglycemia is a factor for an increase in serum ceruloplasmin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21:1525-1528, (1998)
  • Niki E, Yoshida Y, Saito Y, Noguchi N: Lipid peroxidation: Mechanisms, inhibition, and biological effects. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 338: 668–676, 2005.
  • Şekeroğlu MR, Şahin H, Dülger H, Algün E: The effect of dietary treatment on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and serum lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem. 33:669-674, 2000.
  • Masella R, Benedetto RD, Varı R, Filesi C, Giovannini C: Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione- related enzymes. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 16: 577–586, 2005.
  • Taysi S: Oxidant/antioxidant status in liver tissue of vitamin B6 deficient rats. Clinical Nutrition. 24: 385–389, 2005.
  • Memişoğulları R, Çayır K, Keleş M, Akçay F: Plasma Homocysteine and Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with ESRD and The Effect of Hemodialysis on These Parameters. Turk J Biochem. 29 (4): 282-285, 2004.
  • Ozmen B, Ozmen D, Turgan N, Habif S, Mutaf I, Bayindir O: Association between homocysteinemia and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 32:279-86, 2002.
  • Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M: A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 59: 365–373, 2005.
  • Aydın A, Orhan H, Sayal A, Ozata M, Sahin G, Isımer A. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide related parameters in type II diabetes mellitus: effects of glycemic control. Clinical Biochemistry 34 (2001) 65–70
  • Lipinski, B: Pathophysiology of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 15: 203–210, 2001.
  • Memişoğulları R. Plazma Homosistein Düzeyleri ile Tip 2 Diyabet, Komplikasyonları, Kontrolü ve Süresi Arasındaki Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Uzmanlık Tezi, Erzurum, 2003
  • Memişoğulları R, Akçay F: Hiperhomosisteinemide Biyokimyasal Mekanizmalar. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Dergisi. 2(1):41-49, 2004.
  • Taysi, S., Polat, F., Gul, M., Sari, RA., Bakan, E: Lipid peroxidation, some extracellular antioxidants, and antioxidant enzymes in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International. 21 (5): 200–204, 2002.
  • Taysi S, Gul M, Sari RA, Akcay F, Bakan N: Oxidant/antioxidant status in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Chem Lab Med. 40: 684–688, 2002.
  • Habif S, Turgan N, Mutaf I, et al: Plasma catalase, glutathione peroxidase and selenium levels in adult diabetic patients. Tr J Med Sci. 27:139–141, 1997.
  • Taysi S, Kocer I, Memisogullari R, Kiziltunc A: Serum oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with Behcet's disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 32(4):377-82, 2002.
  • Komosin´ska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Olczyk P, Winsz-Szczotka K. Effects of metabolic control and vascular complications on indices of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 68 (2005) 207–216
  • Akkuş I, Kalak S, Vural H, Çağlayan O, Menekşe E, Can G, Durmuş B: Leukocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and serum and leukocyte vitamin c levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta. 244:221- 227, 1996.
  • Chao JC, Huang CH, Wu SJ, Yang SC, Chang NC, Shieh MJ, Lo PN: Effects of beta-carotene, vitamin C and E on antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic smokers. J Nutr Biochem. 13:427-434, 2002.
  • Steinberg FM, Chait A: Antioxidant vitamin
  • Bukan N, Sancak B, Bilgihan A, Kosova F, Bugdayci G, Altan N: The effects of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the heart tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 26(7):519-22, 2004.
  • Jialal I, Grundy SM: Effect of combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and beta carotene on low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Circulation. 88: 2780-2786, 1993.
  • Mamputu JC, Renier G: Advanced glycation end products increase, through a protein kinase C- dependent pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor expression in retinal endothelial cells Inhibitory effect of gliclazide. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 16:284–293, 2002.
  • Eijnwachter MP, Haenen GR, Bast A: Inhibition
  • of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 by
  • tocopherols and alpha-tocopherol derivatives.
  • Biochim Biophys Acta. 1548: 23-28, 2001.
  • Singh U, Jialal I: Anti-inflammatory effects of
  • Vallejo S, Angulo J, Peiro C, Sanchez-Ferrer A, Cercas E, Llergo JL, Nevado J, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Rodrigues-Manas L: Prevention of endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by gliclazide treatment. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 14: 224- 233, 2000. 203, 2004.
  • Alper G, Irer S, Duman E, Caglayan O, Yilmaz C: Effect of I-deprenyl and gliclazide on oxidant stress/antioxidant status and dna damage in a diabetic rat model. Endocr Res. 31(3):199-212, 2005.
  • oxidative stress in the kidney and lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic-rat. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Jan;75(1):71-80).
  • Yilmaz M, Bukan N, Ayvaz G, Karakoc A, Toruner F, Cakir N, Arslan M: The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 20(12):3333-40, 2005.
  • Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, Endocrine research, 27(3), 377-386 (2001)
  • Will JC, Byers T: Does diabetes mellitus increase Anuradha CV: Lipoic acid improves glucose utilisation and prevents protein glycation and AGE formation. Pharmazie. 60(10):772-5, 2005. 202, 1996
  • Rudich A, Tirosh A, Potashnik R, Khamaisi M, Bashan N: Lipoic acid protects against oxidative stress induced impairment in insulin stimulation of protein kinase B and glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetologia. 42:949–957, 1999. 35:212–20, 2003.
  • Maritim AC, Moore BH, Sanders RA,Watkins JB: Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress in streptozicin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Toxicol. 18:161–6, 1999.
  • Desco MC, Asensi M, Marquez R, et al: Xanthine oxidase is involved in free radical production in type 1 diabetes: protection by allopurinol. Diabetes. 51(4):1118–24, 2002.
  • Guerrero-Romero F, Rodrı´guez-Mora´na M: Complementary Therapies for Diabetes: The Case for Chromium, Magnesium, and Antioxidants. Archives of Medical Research. 36: 250–257, 2005.
  • Radfar M, Larijani B, Hadjibabaie M, Rajabipour B, Mojtahedi A, Abdollahi M: Effects of pentoxifylline on oxidative stress and levels of EGF and NO in blood of diabetic type-2 patients:a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother. 59(6):302-6, 2005.
  • Kedziora-Kornatowska KZ, Luciak M, Paszkowski: Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney: effect of treatment with angiotensin convertase inhibitors. IUBMB Life. 49:303–7, 2000.
  • Nieder C, Zimmermann FB, Adam M, Molls M. The role of pentoxifylline as a modifier of radiation therapy. Cancer Treatment Revıews. 31: 448–455, 2005.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ramazan Memişoğulları Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Memişoğulları, R. (2005). Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi. Duzce Medical Journal, 7(3), 30-39.
AMA Memişoğulları R. Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi. Duzce Med J. Aralık 2005;7(3):30-39.
Chicago Memişoğulları, Ramazan. “Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü Ve Antioksidanların Etkisi”. Duzce Medical Journal 7, sy. 3 (Aralık 2005): 30-39.
EndNote Memişoğulları R (01 Aralık 2005) Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi. Duzce Medical Journal 7 3 30–39.
IEEE R. Memişoğulları, “Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi”, Duzce Med J, c. 7, sy. 3, ss. 30–39, 2005.
ISNAD Memişoğulları, Ramazan. “Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü Ve Antioksidanların Etkisi”. Duzce Medical Journal 7/3 (Aralık 2005), 30-39.
JAMA Memişoğulları R. Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi. Duzce Med J. 2005;7:30–39.
MLA Memişoğulları, Ramazan. “Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü Ve Antioksidanların Etkisi”. Duzce Medical Journal, c. 7, sy. 3, 2005, ss. 30-39.
Vancouver Memişoğulları R. Diyabette Serbest Radikallerin Rolü ve Antioksidanların Etkisi. Duzce Med J. 2005;7(3):30-9.
Creative Commons Lisansı
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.