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Imaging of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases With Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Year 2014, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 63 - 69, 01.07.2014

Kamil Kumanlıoğlu İnanç Karapolat

Abstract

Nuclear medicine plays an important role in the assessment of a multitude of infectious andinflammatory processes. Functional scintigraphic procedures are part of the noninvasivediagnostic armamentarium and give complementary knowledge over anatomic modalities suchas ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) forassessment of infection and inflammation. A number of conventional scintigraphic modalitieshave been used for imaging of infection and inflammation. The widest experience has beengained with gallium-67 (Ga-67), leukocytes radiolabeled with either technetium-99m (Tc-99m)or indium-111 (In-111). Immunoscintigraphy using various labeled antibodies has also beenused in recent years. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) whichis the most technological method of nuclear medicine give significant information withcombined anatomical and metabolic assessment for the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatorydiseases. With the increasing use of the glucose analog radiopharmaceutical named fluorine18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F–18 FDG) for assessment of malignancies, uptake of thispositron-emitting tracer in nonmalignant processes especially in infectious and inflammatorylesions has also been described. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of PET/CT forthe assessment of infectious and inflammatory processes

Keywords

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Infectious and inflammatory diseases Imaging.

References

  • Duet M, Pouchot J, Lioté F, Faraggi M. Role for positron emission tomography in skeletal diseases. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74:14–23.
  • Cook GJ, Maisey MN, Fogelman I. Normal variants, artefacts and interpretative pitfalls in PET imaging with 18-fluoro-2- deoxyglucose and carbon-11 methionine. Eur J Nucl Med 1999;26:1363-78.
  • Parisi MT. Functional imaging of infection: conventional nuclear medicine agents and the expanding role of 18-F-FDG PET. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41:803–10.
  • Richard L.Wahl. Principles and practice of PET and PET/CT. Philadelphia: Lippincott 2009:619–34.
  • Schauwecker DS. Osteomiyelitis: diagnosis with In-111- labeled leukocytes. Radiology 1989;171:141–6.
  • Termaat MF, Raijmakers PG, Scholten HJ, Bakker FC, Patka P, Haarman HJ. The accuracy of diagnostic imaging for the assessment of chronic osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:2464–71.
  • Basu S, Chryssikos T, Moghadam-Kia S, Zhuang H, Torigian DA, Alavi A. Positron emission tomography as a diagnostic tool in infection: present role and future possibilities. Semin Nucl Med. 2009;39:36–51.
  • Zhuang H, Duarte PS, Pourdehand M, Shnier D, Alavi A. Exclusion fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 2000;25:281–4. with F-18
  • Israel O, Keidar Z. PET/CT imaging in infectious conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:150–66.
  • Basu S, Chryssikos T, Houseni M, Scot Malay D, Shah J, Zhuang H, Alavi A. Potential role of FDG PET in the setting of diabetic neuro-osteoarthropathy: can it differentiate uncomplicated Charcot's neuroarthropathy from osteomyelitis and soft-tissue infection? Nucl Med Commun. 2007;28:465– 72.
  • Nawaz A, Torigian DA, Siegelman ES, Basu S, Chryssikos T, Alavi A. Diagnostic performance of FDG-PET, MRI, and plain film radiography (PFR) for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Mol Imaging Biol. 2010;12:335–42.
  • Love C, Tomas MB, Marwin SE, Pugliese PV, Palestro CJ. Role of nuclear medicine in diagnosis of the infected joint replacement. Radiographics. 2001;21(5):1229-38.
  • Palestro CJ. Nuclear medicine, the painful prosthetic joint, and orthopedic infection. J Nucl Med 2003;44:927–9.
  • Manthey N, Reinhard P, Moog F, Knesewitsch P, Hahn K, Tatsch K. The use of [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to differentiate between synovitis, loosening and infection of hip and knee prostheses. Nucl Med Commun. 2002;23:645–53.
  • Zhuang H, Yang H, Alavi A. Critical role of 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the management of patients with arthroplasty. Radiol Clin North Am. 2007;45:711–8.
  • Chacko TK, Zhuang H, Stevenson K, Moussavian B, Alavi A. The importance of the location of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in periprosthetic infection in painful hip prostheses. Nucl Med Commun 2002;23:851–5.
  • Zhuang H, Chacko TK, Hickeson M, Stevenson K, Feng Q, Ponzo F, Garino JP, Alavi A. Persistent non-specific FDG uptake on PET imaging following hip arthroplasty. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002;29:1328–33.
  • Beckers C, Ribbens C, Andre B, Marcelis S, Kaye O, Mathy L, Kaiser MJ, Hustinx R, Foidart J, Malaise MG. Assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with (18)F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2004;45:956–64.
  • Goerres GW, Forster A, Uebelhart D, Seifert B, Treyer V, Michel B, von Schulthess GK, Kaim AH. F-18 FDG whole- body PET for the assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Nucl Med. 2006;31:386–90.
  • Polisson RP, Schoenberg OI, Fischman A, Rubin R, Simon LS, Rosenthal D, Palmer WE. Use of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the assessment of synovial volume and glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:819–25.
  • Kubota K, Ito K, Morooka M, Minamimoto R, Miyata Y, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, Mimori A. FDG PET for rheumatoid arthritis: basic considerations and whole-body PET/CT. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:29–38.
  • Choe JY, Chung DS, Park SH, Kwon HH, Kim SK. Clinical significance of ¹⁸F-fluoro-dexoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with adult-onset Still's disease: report of two cases and review of literatures. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30:1673–6.
  • Blockmans D, De Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D,Mortelmans fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:672–7. Repetitive 18
  • Carey K, Saboury B, Basu S, Brothers A, Ogdie A, Werner T, Torigian DA, Alavi A. Evolving role of FDG PET imaging in assessing joint disorders: a systematic review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38:1939–55.
  • Strobel K, Fischer DR, Tamborrini G, Kyburz D, Stumpe KD, Hesselmann RG, Johayem A, von Schulthess GK, Michel BA, Ciurea A. 18F-fluoride PET/CT for detection of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:1760–5.
  • Bruijnen ST, van der Weijden MA, Klein JP, Hoekstra OS, Boellaard R, van Denderen JC, Dijkmans BA, Voskuyl AE, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, van der Laken CJ. Bone formation rather than inflammation reflects Ankylosing Spondylitis activity on PET-CT: a pilot study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14:R71.
  • Tateishi U, Imagawa T, Kanezawa N, Okabe T, Shizukuishi K, Inoue T, Yokota Sl. PET assessment of disease activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40:1781–8.
  • Hashefi M, Curiel R. Future and upcoming non-neoplastic applications of PET/CT imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:167–74.
  • Nakamura H, Masuko K, Yudoh K, Kato T, Nishioka K, Sugihara T, Beppu M. Positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG in osteoarthritic knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15:673–81.
  • Walter MA, Melzer RA, Schindler C, Müller-Brand J, Tyndall A, Nitzsche EU. The value of [18F]FDG-PET in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis and the assessment of activity and extent of disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32:674– 81.
  • Treglia G, Mattoli MV, Leccisotti L, Ferraccioli G, Giordano A. Usefulness of whole-body fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with large-vessel vasculitis: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:1265–75.
  • Blockmans D, Stroobants S, Maes A, Mortelmans L. Positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polimyalgia reumatica: evidence for inflammation of the aortic arch. Am J Med 2000;108:246–9.
  • Lee SG, Ryu JS, Kim HO, Oh JS, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. Evaluation of disease activity using F-18 FDG PET-CT in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Clin Nucl Med. 2009;34:749– 52.
  • Arnaud L, Haroche J, Malek Z, Archambaud F, Gambotti L, Grimon G, Kas A, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Cacoub P, Toledano D, Cluzel P, Piette JC, Amoura Z. Is (18)F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning a reliable way to assess disease activity in Takayasu arteritis? Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1193–200.
  • Karapolat I, Kalfa M, Keser G, Yalcin M, Inal V, Kumanlioglu K, Parildar T, Aksu K. Comparison of F18 FDG PET/CT findings with current clinical disease status in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;18:[Epub ahead of print].
  • Behocine T, Blockmans D, Hustinx R, Vandevivere J, Mortelmans L. Imaging of large vessel vasculitis with 18F- FDG PET: illusion or reality? A critical review of the literature data. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1305–13.
  • Gotthardt M, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ. Imaging of inflammation by PET, conventional scintigraphy, and other imaging techniques. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1937–49
  • Vallabhajosula S, Machac J, Knesaurek K. Imaging atherosclerotic macrophage density by PET using F-18 FDG. J Nucl Med 1996;37[Suppl]:38P.
  • Orton DF, LeVeen RF, Saigh JA, Culp WC, Fidler JL, Lynch TJ, Goertzen TC, McCowan TC. Aortic prosthetic graft infections: radiologic manifestations and implications for management. Radiographics. 2000;20:977–93.
  • Seeger JM. Management of patients with prosthetic vascular graft infection. Am Surg. 2000;66:166–77.
  • Fukuchi K, Ishida Y, Higashi M, Tsunekawa T, Ogino H, Minatoya K, Kiso K, Naito H. Detection of aortic graft infection by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: comparison with computed tomographic findings. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:919–25.
  • Keidar Z, Engel A, Hoffman A, Israel O, Nitecki S. Prosthetic vascular graft infection: the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1230–6.
  • Yu JQ, Zhuang H, Mavi A. Evaulating the role of FDG PET imaging in the management of patients with sarkoidosis. PET Clin North Am 2006;1:141–52.
  • Lewis PJ, Salama A. Uptake of fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose in sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:1647–9.
  • Nishiyama Y, Yamamoto Y, Fukunaga K, Takinami H, Iwado Y, Satoh K, Ohkawa M. Comparative evaluation of 18F-FDG PET and 67Ga scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1571–6.
  • Milman N, Mortensen J, Sloth C. Fluorodeoxyglucose PET scan in pulmonary sarcoidosis during treatment with inhaled and oral corticosteroids. Respiration. 2003;70:408–13.
  • Meyer MA. Diffusely increased colonic F-18 FDG uptake in acute enterocolitis. Clin Nucl Med. 1995;20:434–5.
  • Kresnik W, Mikosch P, Gallowitsch HJ. F-18 FDG PET in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nucl Med 2001;26:867.
  • Jadvar H, Schambye RB, Segall GM. Effect of atropine and sincalide on the intestinal uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. Clin Nucl Med. 1999;24:965–7.
  • Israel O, Yefremov N, Bar-Shalom R, Kagana O, Frenkel A, Keidar Z, Fischer D. PET/CT detection of unexpected gastrointestinal foci of 18F-FDG uptake: incidence, localization patterns, and clinical significance. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:758–62.
  • Tatlidil R, Jadvar H, Bading JR, Conti PS. Incidental colonic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake: correlation with colonoscopic and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 2002;224:783–7.
  • Knockaert DC, Vanderschueren S, Blockmans D. Fever of unknown origin in adults: 40 years on. J Intern Med. 2003;253:263–75.
  • Petersdorf RG. Fever of unknown origin. An old friend revisited. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:21–2.
  • Lorenzen J, Buchert R, Bohuslavizki KH. Value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin. Nucl Med Commun. 2001;22:779–83.
  • Bleeker-Rovers CP, de Kleijn EM, Corstens FH, van der Meer JW, Oyen WJ. Clinical value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin and patients suspected of focal infection or inflammation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:29–37.
  • Buysschaert I, Vanderschueren S, Blockmans D, Mortelmans L, Knockaert D. Contribution of (18)fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography to the work-up of patients with fever of unknown origin. Eur J Intern Med. 2004;15:151–6.
  • Bleeker-Rovers CP, Corstens FH, Van Der Meer JW, Oyen WJ. Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET and (111)In-granulocyte scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:1342–3.

ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ

Year 2014, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 63 - 69, 01.07.2014

Kamil Kumanlıoğlu İnanç Karapolat

Abstract

Nükleer tıp pek çok enfeksiyöz ve enflamatuar olayın görüntülenmesinde önemli bir yeresahiptir. Fonksiyonel sintigrafik işlemler non-invaziv tanı yöntemleri olup, enfeksiyon veenflamasyonun saptanmasında radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemlerinden (ultrasonografi,bilgisayarlı tomografi, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme) elde edilen verilere tamamlayıcı bilgilersunarlar. Uzun yıllar boyunca bazı konvansiyonel sintigrafik yöntemler enfeksiyon veenflamasyonu belirlemek amacıyla kullanılmışlardır. En sık olarak Galyum-67 (Ga-67) veTeknesyum-99m (Tc-99m) veya indiyum-111 (In-111) ile işaretlenmiş lökositler uygulanmışolup, son yıllarda değişik ajanlarla işaretli antikorlar kullanılarak yapılan immunsintigrafi deuygulanmaktadır. Nükleer tıp yöntemlerinin en gelişmişi olarak bilinen Pozitron EmisyonTomografi/Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (PET/BT) ise anatomik verilerin yanı sıra lezyonun metabolikaktivitesi hakkında bilgi edinme imkânı tanıdığından enfeksiyöz ve enflamatuar hastalıklarıntanısında son yıllarda giderek artan sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. PET/BT görüntülemedegünümüzde en sık kullanılan radyofarmasötik bir glukoz analoğu olan Fluorine (F)-18 ile işaretliFluoro-2-deoxy-D-glukoz (FDG) bileşiğidir. Malign hastalıkların değerlendirilmesinde PET’ inyaygın kullanımını takiben F–18 FDG’ nin malign olmayan süreçlerde de tutulduğu saptanmışve benign enfeksiyöz ve enflamatuar lezyonlarda F–18 FDG birikimi görülmüştür. Buderlemedeki amacımız enfeksiyöz ve enflamatuar hastalıklarda PET/BT’ nin kullanım alanlarınıözetlemektir

Keywords

Pozitron Emisyon Tomografi/Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Enfeksiyöz veenflamatuar hastalıklar Görüntüleme

References

  • Duet M, Pouchot J, Lioté F, Faraggi M. Role for positron emission tomography in skeletal diseases. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74:14–23.
  • Cook GJ, Maisey MN, Fogelman I. Normal variants, artefacts and interpretative pitfalls in PET imaging with 18-fluoro-2- deoxyglucose and carbon-11 methionine. Eur J Nucl Med 1999;26:1363-78.
  • Parisi MT. Functional imaging of infection: conventional nuclear medicine agents and the expanding role of 18-F-FDG PET. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41:803–10.
  • Richard L.Wahl. Principles and practice of PET and PET/CT. Philadelphia: Lippincott 2009:619–34.
  • Schauwecker DS. Osteomiyelitis: diagnosis with In-111- labeled leukocytes. Radiology 1989;171:141–6.
  • Termaat MF, Raijmakers PG, Scholten HJ, Bakker FC, Patka P, Haarman HJ. The accuracy of diagnostic imaging for the assessment of chronic osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:2464–71.
  • Basu S, Chryssikos T, Moghadam-Kia S, Zhuang H, Torigian DA, Alavi A. Positron emission tomography as a diagnostic tool in infection: present role and future possibilities. Semin Nucl Med. 2009;39:36–51.
  • Zhuang H, Duarte PS, Pourdehand M, Shnier D, Alavi A. Exclusion fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 2000;25:281–4. with F-18
  • Israel O, Keidar Z. PET/CT imaging in infectious conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:150–66.
  • Basu S, Chryssikos T, Houseni M, Scot Malay D, Shah J, Zhuang H, Alavi A. Potential role of FDG PET in the setting of diabetic neuro-osteoarthropathy: can it differentiate uncomplicated Charcot's neuroarthropathy from osteomyelitis and soft-tissue infection? Nucl Med Commun. 2007;28:465– 72.
  • Nawaz A, Torigian DA, Siegelman ES, Basu S, Chryssikos T, Alavi A. Diagnostic performance of FDG-PET, MRI, and plain film radiography (PFR) for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Mol Imaging Biol. 2010;12:335–42.
  • Love C, Tomas MB, Marwin SE, Pugliese PV, Palestro CJ. Role of nuclear medicine in diagnosis of the infected joint replacement. Radiographics. 2001;21(5):1229-38.
  • Palestro CJ. Nuclear medicine, the painful prosthetic joint, and orthopedic infection. J Nucl Med 2003;44:927–9.
  • Manthey N, Reinhard P, Moog F, Knesewitsch P, Hahn K, Tatsch K. The use of [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to differentiate between synovitis, loosening and infection of hip and knee prostheses. Nucl Med Commun. 2002;23:645–53.
  • Zhuang H, Yang H, Alavi A. Critical role of 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the management of patients with arthroplasty. Radiol Clin North Am. 2007;45:711–8.
  • Chacko TK, Zhuang H, Stevenson K, Moussavian B, Alavi A. The importance of the location of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in periprosthetic infection in painful hip prostheses. Nucl Med Commun 2002;23:851–5.
  • Zhuang H, Chacko TK, Hickeson M, Stevenson K, Feng Q, Ponzo F, Garino JP, Alavi A. Persistent non-specific FDG uptake on PET imaging following hip arthroplasty. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002;29:1328–33.
  • Beckers C, Ribbens C, Andre B, Marcelis S, Kaye O, Mathy L, Kaiser MJ, Hustinx R, Foidart J, Malaise MG. Assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with (18)F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2004;45:956–64.
  • Goerres GW, Forster A, Uebelhart D, Seifert B, Treyer V, Michel B, von Schulthess GK, Kaim AH. F-18 FDG whole- body PET for the assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Nucl Med. 2006;31:386–90.
  • Polisson RP, Schoenberg OI, Fischman A, Rubin R, Simon LS, Rosenthal D, Palmer WE. Use of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the assessment of synovial volume and glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:819–25.
  • Kubota K, Ito K, Morooka M, Minamimoto R, Miyata Y, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, Mimori A. FDG PET for rheumatoid arthritis: basic considerations and whole-body PET/CT. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:29–38.
  • Choe JY, Chung DS, Park SH, Kwon HH, Kim SK. Clinical significance of ¹⁸F-fluoro-dexoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with adult-onset Still's disease: report of two cases and review of literatures. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30:1673–6.
  • Blockmans D, De Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D,Mortelmans fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:672–7. Repetitive 18
  • Carey K, Saboury B, Basu S, Brothers A, Ogdie A, Werner T, Torigian DA, Alavi A. Evolving role of FDG PET imaging in assessing joint disorders: a systematic review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38:1939–55.
  • Strobel K, Fischer DR, Tamborrini G, Kyburz D, Stumpe KD, Hesselmann RG, Johayem A, von Schulthess GK, Michel BA, Ciurea A. 18F-fluoride PET/CT for detection of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:1760–5.
  • Bruijnen ST, van der Weijden MA, Klein JP, Hoekstra OS, Boellaard R, van Denderen JC, Dijkmans BA, Voskuyl AE, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, van der Laken CJ. Bone formation rather than inflammation reflects Ankylosing Spondylitis activity on PET-CT: a pilot study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14:R71.
  • Tateishi U, Imagawa T, Kanezawa N, Okabe T, Shizukuishi K, Inoue T, Yokota Sl. PET assessment of disease activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40:1781–8.
  • Hashefi M, Curiel R. Future and upcoming non-neoplastic applications of PET/CT imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:167–74.
  • Nakamura H, Masuko K, Yudoh K, Kato T, Nishioka K, Sugihara T, Beppu M. Positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG in osteoarthritic knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15:673–81.
  • Walter MA, Melzer RA, Schindler C, Müller-Brand J, Tyndall A, Nitzsche EU. The value of [18F]FDG-PET in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis and the assessment of activity and extent of disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32:674– 81.
  • Treglia G, Mattoli MV, Leccisotti L, Ferraccioli G, Giordano A. Usefulness of whole-body fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with large-vessel vasculitis: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:1265–75.
  • Blockmans D, Stroobants S, Maes A, Mortelmans L. Positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polimyalgia reumatica: evidence for inflammation of the aortic arch. Am J Med 2000;108:246–9.
  • Lee SG, Ryu JS, Kim HO, Oh JS, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. Evaluation of disease activity using F-18 FDG PET-CT in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Clin Nucl Med. 2009;34:749– 52.
  • Arnaud L, Haroche J, Malek Z, Archambaud F, Gambotti L, Grimon G, Kas A, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Cacoub P, Toledano D, Cluzel P, Piette JC, Amoura Z. Is (18)F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning a reliable way to assess disease activity in Takayasu arteritis? Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1193–200.
  • Karapolat I, Kalfa M, Keser G, Yalcin M, Inal V, Kumanlioglu K, Parildar T, Aksu K. Comparison of F18 FDG PET/CT findings with current clinical disease status in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;18:[Epub ahead of print].
  • Behocine T, Blockmans D, Hustinx R, Vandevivere J, Mortelmans L. Imaging of large vessel vasculitis with 18F- FDG PET: illusion or reality? A critical review of the literature data. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1305–13.
  • Gotthardt M, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ. Imaging of inflammation by PET, conventional scintigraphy, and other imaging techniques. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1937–49
  • Vallabhajosula S, Machac J, Knesaurek K. Imaging atherosclerotic macrophage density by PET using F-18 FDG. J Nucl Med 1996;37[Suppl]:38P.
  • Orton DF, LeVeen RF, Saigh JA, Culp WC, Fidler JL, Lynch TJ, Goertzen TC, McCowan TC. Aortic prosthetic graft infections: radiologic manifestations and implications for management. Radiographics. 2000;20:977–93.
  • Seeger JM. Management of patients with prosthetic vascular graft infection. Am Surg. 2000;66:166–77.
  • Fukuchi K, Ishida Y, Higashi M, Tsunekawa T, Ogino H, Minatoya K, Kiso K, Naito H. Detection of aortic graft infection by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: comparison with computed tomographic findings. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:919–25.
  • Keidar Z, Engel A, Hoffman A, Israel O, Nitecki S. Prosthetic vascular graft infection: the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1230–6.
  • Yu JQ, Zhuang H, Mavi A. Evaulating the role of FDG PET imaging in the management of patients with sarkoidosis. PET Clin North Am 2006;1:141–52.
  • Lewis PJ, Salama A. Uptake of fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose in sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:1647–9.
  • Nishiyama Y, Yamamoto Y, Fukunaga K, Takinami H, Iwado Y, Satoh K, Ohkawa M. Comparative evaluation of 18F-FDG PET and 67Ga scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1571–6.
  • Milman N, Mortensen J, Sloth C. Fluorodeoxyglucose PET scan in pulmonary sarcoidosis during treatment with inhaled and oral corticosteroids. Respiration. 2003;70:408–13.
  • Meyer MA. Diffusely increased colonic F-18 FDG uptake in acute enterocolitis. Clin Nucl Med. 1995;20:434–5.
  • Kresnik W, Mikosch P, Gallowitsch HJ. F-18 FDG PET in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nucl Med 2001;26:867.
  • Jadvar H, Schambye RB, Segall GM. Effect of atropine and sincalide on the intestinal uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. Clin Nucl Med. 1999;24:965–7.
  • Israel O, Yefremov N, Bar-Shalom R, Kagana O, Frenkel A, Keidar Z, Fischer D. PET/CT detection of unexpected gastrointestinal foci of 18F-FDG uptake: incidence, localization patterns, and clinical significance. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:758–62.
  • Tatlidil R, Jadvar H, Bading JR, Conti PS. Incidental colonic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake: correlation with colonoscopic and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 2002;224:783–7.
  • Knockaert DC, Vanderschueren S, Blockmans D. Fever of unknown origin in adults: 40 years on. J Intern Med. 2003;253:263–75.
  • Petersdorf RG. Fever of unknown origin. An old friend revisited. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:21–2.
  • Lorenzen J, Buchert R, Bohuslavizki KH. Value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin. Nucl Med Commun. 2001;22:779–83.
  • Bleeker-Rovers CP, de Kleijn EM, Corstens FH, van der Meer JW, Oyen WJ. Clinical value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin and patients suspected of focal infection or inflammation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:29–37.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kamil Kumanlıoğlu This is me

İnanç Karapolat This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kumanlıoğlu, K., & Karapolat, İ. (2014). ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ. Duzce Medical Journal, 16(2), 63-69.
AMA Kumanlıoğlu K, Karapolat İ. ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ. Duzce Med J. July 2014;16(2):63-69.
Chicago Kumanlıoğlu, Kamil, and İnanç Karapolat. “ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ”. Duzce Medical Journal 16, no. 2 (July 2014): 63-69.
EndNote Kumanlıoğlu K, Karapolat İ (July 1, 2014) ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ. Duzce Medical Journal 16 2 63–69.
IEEE K. Kumanlıoğlu and İ. Karapolat, “ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ”, Duzce Med J, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 63–69, 2014.
ISNAD Kumanlıoğlu, Kamil - Karapolat, İnanç. “ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ”. Duzce Medical Journal 16/2 (July 2014), 63-69.
JAMA Kumanlıoğlu K, Karapolat İ. ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ. Duzce Med J. 2014;16:63–69.
MLA Kumanlıoğlu, Kamil and İnanç Karapolat. “ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, 2014, pp. 63-69.
Vancouver Kumanlıoğlu K, Karapolat İ. ENFEKSİYÖZ VE ENFLAMATUAR HASTALIKLARIN POZİTRON EMİSYON TOMOGRAFİ/BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ İLE GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ. Duzce Med J. 2014;16(2):63-9.
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