Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Relationships Between Power Sources, Psychological Empowerment, School Culture and Psychological Climate: A Structural Equation Modeling

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 68 - 91, 25.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.19160/ijer.751727

Öz

This research was carried out to make an inference about school managers' power sources, school culture, and psychological climate, which are thought to affect psychological empowerment will be emphasized. This study was designed and conducted according to the correlation research pattern to test the proposed conceptual model; and, this model has been tested with the Structural Equation Model (SEM). 358 teachers (252 women and 97 men) participated in the study. Then to evaluate the model χ² (Chi-square), χ²/df ratio (Chi-square/degree of freedom), SRMR (Standardized root mean square residual), GFI (Goodness-of-fit index), AGFI (Adjusted goodness-of-fit index), NFI (Normed Fit Index), TLI (Turker-Lewis Index), CFI (Comparative Fit Index) and RMSEA (Root mean square error of approximation) are examined. According to the results, some hypotheses have been accepted but some of them not. H1 -School principal's power sources affect psychological empowerment- and H2 -Power sources affect the psychological climate- have been rejected. However H3 -School culture has an impact on its psychological climate-, H4 -Power sources affect school culture-, H5 -Psychological climate affects psychological empowerment- and H6 -School culture affects psychological empowerment- has been accepted.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, A. (2017). Otel işletmelerinde örgüt iklimine etki eden yönetsel güç kaynaklarının belirlenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [The Determination of Managerial Power Source Affecting Organizational Climate in Hotel Enterprises]. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir. http://acikerisim.nevsehir.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.11787/305/Ahmet_Akdemir_Tez.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Akgül, R. (2013). Ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki yöneticilerin yönetimde gücü kullanma stillerinin öğretmen algılarına göre örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Effect of secondary scholl administrators' power use styles in management on organizational commitment according to teachers' perceptions]. Trakya University, Edirne. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp Altınkurt, Y., Yılmaz, K., Erol, E., & Salalı, E. T. (2014). Okul müdürlerinin kullandığı güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm algıları arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between School Principals’ Use of Power Sources and Teachers’ Organizational Cynicism Perceptions]. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 3(1), 25-52. http://jtee.org/document/issue5/MAK2.pdf
  • Altunkese, T. N. (2002). Psikolojik ı̇klimin örgüte adama ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ile ı̇lişkisi üzerine bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [A Study of relationship between psychological climate, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in a public organization]. Osmangazi University, Eskişehir. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp Amenumey, E. K., & Lockwood, A. (2008). Psychological climate and psychological empowerment: An exploration in a luxury UK Hotel Group. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 265-282.
  • Angus J. MacNeil, Doris L. Prater & Steve Busch (2009) The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73-84, DOI: 10.1080/13603120701576241
  • Argon, T. & Limon, İ. (2017). Psikolojik iklim ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The adaptation of psychological climate scale into Turkish: the study of validity and reliability]. International Journal of Human Sciences, 14(3), 2888-2901. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/4614/2300
  • Arpaguş, A. U. (2011). Okul kültürünün öğretmen davranışlarına etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi) [The effect of school culture on behaviors of teachers]. Trakya University, Edirne. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Ashforth, B.E. (1989) The experience of powerlessness in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 207-42.
  • Aslanargun, E. (2009). İlköğretim ve lise müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde kullandığı güç türleri (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi) [The power sources that principals handle in Turkish public elementary and secondary school administration]. Ankara University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Ateş, F. (2017). Ö. Turunç & H. Turgut (Ed.), Yönetim ve strateji: 101 teori ve yaklaşım içinde [ Management and strategy: 101 in theory and approach]. (125-159). Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.
  • Atmaca, T. (2014). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç türleri ile öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları yıldırma, örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). [Relationship among the power types of school principals' and teachers' mobbing, organizational commitment and organizational cynicism perception]. Gazi University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of organizational behavior, 25(8), 951–968, http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/job.283
  • Aydın, M. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi [Education Management ]. (9th Edition). Ankara: Hatiboğlu Publishing.
  • Ayık, A. & Şayir, G. (2014). Okul müdürlerin öğretimsel liderlik davranışları ile örgüt iklimi arasındaki ilişki [The relation between, instructional leadership behaviours of school principals and organizational climate]. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 13(49), 253-279. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275228410_OKUL_MUDURLERIN_OGRETIMSEL_LIDERLIK_DAVRANISLARI_ILE_ORGUT_IKLIMI_ARASINDAKI_ILISKI
  • Balcı, A. (1993). Etkili okul: Kuram, uygulama ve araştırma [Effective school: Theory, practice and research]. Ankara: Erek Publishing.
  • Barkhi, R. & Kao, Y. C. (2011). Psychological climate and decision-making performance in a GDSS context. Information and Management, 48, 125-134.
  • Barret, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences 42, 815-824.
  • Bell, N.E. & Staw, B.M. (1980) People as Sculptors versus Sculptures: The roles of personality and personal control in organizations. In Arthur, M.B., Hall, D.T. and Lawrence, B.S. (Eds.) Handbook of career theory (pp. 232-51). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
  • Biswas, S. (2010). Relationship between psychological climate and turnover intentions and its impact on organisational effectiveness: A study in Indian organisations. Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Management Review, 22, 102- 110.
  • Biswas, S. (2010). Relationship between psychological climate and turnover intentions and its impact on organisational effectiveness: A study in Indian organisations. Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Management Review, 22, 102- 110.
  • Biswas, S., & Varma, A. (2007). Psychological climate and individual performance in India: test of mediated model. Employee Relations, 29 (6), 664-676.
  • Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
  • Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher enpowerment on teachers' organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 538-625.
  • Bolat, T., Bolat, O. İ., & Yüksel, M. (2016). Hizmetkâr liderlik ve psikolojik güçlendirme ilişkisi: Örgüt kültürünün düzenleyici etkisi [The Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Psychological Empowerment: Moderating Effect of Organizational Culture]. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute,19(36),1. http://dspace.balikesir.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12462/3851/tamer-bolat.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Boudrias, J. S., Morin, A. J., & Lajoie, D. (2014). Direc- tionality of the associations between psychological em- powerment and behavioural involvement: A longitudinal autoregressive cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 437–463, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joop.12056
  • Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 358-368.
  • Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Muthen, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement in variance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456-466.
  • Can, H., Aşan, Ö., &Aydın, E. M. (2006). Örgütsel davranış [Organizational behavior]. İstanbul: Arıkan Publishing.
  • Chen, C.-C. (2011). Factors affecting high school teachers’ knowledge-sharing behaviors. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 39, 993-1008.
  • Cooke, R., & Szumal, J.L (1993). Measuring normative beliefs and shared behavioral expectations in organizations. Psychological Reports. 72, 1299-1330.
  • Cömert, M. (2014). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri ile okul müdürlerinin kullandıkları örgütsel güç kaynakları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Analysis of relation between teacher's organizational commitment level and principals's power sources]. Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp Cresweel, J. W. (2017). Nicel ve nitel Araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research]. (H. Ekşi, Tra. Ed.). İstanbul: Edam.
  • Cropanzano, R. ve Mitchell, M. (2005). Social exhange theory: An ınterdiciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
  • Çalışkur, A. (2015). Örgütlerde Güç Olgusu ve Gücün Kullanımı [Power Fact and Using Power in Organizations]. Cankiri Karatekin University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 7(1): 029-048. http://sbedergi.karatekin.edu.tr/Makaleler/651995685_2-%c3%96rg%c3%bctlerde%20G%c3%bc%c3%a7%20Olgusu%20ve%20G%c3%bcc%c3%bcn%20Kullan%c4%b1m%c4%b1.pdf
  • Çavuş, M. F. ve Akgemci, T. (2008). İşletmelerde personel güçlendirmenin örgütsel yaratıcılık ve yenilikçiliğe etkisi: İmalat sanayiinde bir araştırma [The effect of empowering staff on organizational creativity and innovation: a research in the manufacturing industry]. Selçuk University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 20, 229-244. http://dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr/susbed/article/view/365
  • Çekmecioğlu, H. & Eren, E. (2007). Psikolojik güçlendirme, örgütsel bağlılık ve yaratıcı davranış arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi [Assessment of Relationship Between Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Commitment and Creative Behavior]. Journal of Administration, 18(57), 13-25. http://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php?lng=0&recid=6251&pdf=0006241&journalnu
  • Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan güçlendirmenin işgören performansı üzerine etkileri [At the effects of perceived empowerment on employee performance]. Journal of Doğuş University, 9(1), 35-46. https://openaccess.dogus.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11376/391?show=full#sthash.lQtfHoxq.dpbs
  • Day, D. V., & Bedeian, A. G. (1991). Predicting job performance across organizations: The interaction of work orientation and psychological climate. Journal of Management, 17(3), 589-600.
  • Deci, E.L., Connell, J.P. & Ryan, R.M. (1989) Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 580-90.
  • Demir, K. (2010). İnsan kaynakları uygulamalarının işyerinde psikolojik güçlendirmeye etkisi: Bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [The effect of human resources practices on psychological empowerment in workplace: A research]. Yıldız Teknik University, İstanbul. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Doğan, S. (2006). Personel Güçlendirme Rekabette Başarının Anahtarı [Empowerment is the Key to Success in Competition]. İstanbul: Kare Publishing.
  • Emet, C. (2006). Personelin Güçlendirilme Algıları ile Örgütsel Kültür Arasındaki İlişkinin Bankacılık Sektöründe Ampirik Olarak İncelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) [An empirical evaluation of the relation between employee's perception of empowerment and the corporate culture in the banking sector]. Dumlupınar University, Kütahya. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Erkutlu, H. & Chafra, J. (2013). Effects of trust and psychological contract violation on authentic leadership and organizational deviance. Management Research Review, 36(9), 828-848, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-06-2012-0136
  • Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • French, J. R. P., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Studies in social power (pp. 150-67). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
  • Ghanbari, S. and Eskandari, A. (2014). Organizational Climate, Job Motivation and OCB. International Journal of Management Perspective, 1(3), 1-14.
  • Ghani, N.A.A. ve Hussin, T.A.B. (2009). The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Lecturers’ Innovative Behaviour in Malaysian Private Higher Education Institutions. Canadian Social Science, 5(4):54-62.
  • Gligorović, M., & Buha., N. (2016). Influence of Inhibitory Control on Planning Abilities in Children With Mild Intellectual Dısability. Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, 187-195.
  • Gül, H. & Çöl, G. (2004). Personeli Güçlü Kılan Örgütsel Yapı Oluşturmada SosyalYapısal Öncülerin Güçlendirmeye Olan Etkileri ve Sonuçları Üzerine Bir Araştırma [Research on the Effects and Results of Social Structural Pioneers on Empowerment in Creating Organizational Structures that Empower Personnel]. Journal of Atatürk University, 18(3-4), 249-272. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2684/35237
  • Hallinger, P., Bickman, L., & Davis, K. (1996). School context, principal leadership, and student reading achievement. The Elementary School Journal, 96, 527-549.
  • Handy, C.B. (1981). Understanding organization (second edition). Aylesbury: Hazell Watson Ltd.
  • Harrison, R. (1972). Understanding your organization’s character. Harvard Business Review,119-128
  • Heck, R. H. & Marcoulides, G. A. (1996) School culture and performance: testing the invariance of an organizational model. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 7(1), 76–96.
  • Hoy, W. K. (1990) Organizational climate and culture: a conceptual analysis of the school workplace. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1(2), 149–168.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
  • İhtiyaroğlu, N. (2017). Yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin öğretmen motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi [The Effect of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Teachers’ Motivation]. Journal of Kırıkkale University of Education Faculty, (2), 361-378. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325248662_Ihtiyaroglu_N_2017_Yapisal_ve_psikolojik_guclendirmenin_ogretmen_motivasyonu_uzerindeki_etkisi_Kirikkale_Universitesi_Sosyal_Bilimleri_Dergisi_72_361-378
  • Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. & Begum, N., (2006). The role of social power, procedural justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction to engerder organizational citizenship behavior. ABAC Journal, 26(3), 21-36.
  • James, L. A., & James, L. R. (1989). Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 739-751.
  • James, L. R., & Jones, A. P. (1974). Organizational climate: A review of theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 81(12), 1096–1112. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037511
  • James, L. R., & Sells, S. B. (1981). Psychological Climate: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Research. D. Magnusson içinde, Toward A Psychology of Situations: An Interactional Perspective. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • James, L. R., Hartman, A., Stebbins, M. W., & Jones, A. P. (1977). Relationship between psychological of climate and a vie model for work motivation. Personnel Psychology, 30, 229-254.
  • Joyce, W. & Slocum, J. (1982). Climate Discrep-ancy: Refining the Concepts of Psychological and Organi-zational Climate. Human Relations, 35 (11). 951-72.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. (2004). On chi-squares for the ındependence model and fit measures in Lisrel. http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/techdocs/ftb.pdf
  • Kadıoğlu Ateş, H., & Vatansever Bayraktar, H. (2018). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin okul kültürü algısı ı̇le ı̇ş doyumu arasındaki ı̇lişki [The Effect of School Culture on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction]. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(19), 127- 162 http://static.dergipark.org.tr/article-download/1a74/74e8/0e7b/5e3433da4a23c.pdf?
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
  • Kanbur, E. (2018). Havacılık sektöründe psikolojik güçlendirme, ı̇ş performansı ve ı̇şten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ı̇lişkilerin ı̇ncelenmesi [Investigation of relationships between psychological empowerment, job performance and intention to leave in a aviation sectoe]. Int. Journal of Management Economics and Business, 14(1), 147-162. http://ijmeb.org/index.php/zkesbe/article/view/1451
  • Karagonlar, G., Öztürk, E. B. & Özmen, Ö. N. (2015). Çalışanın örgütle sosyal mübadele algısı ve işten ayrılma niyeti: İşe cezbolmanın ve öz yeterliliğin rolü [Employee's perception of social exchange with the organization and intention to quit: The role of attractiveness and self-efficacy]. METU Studies in Development 42(3), 411. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303703601_Calisanin_orgutle_sosyal_mubadele_algisi_ve_isten_ayrilma_niyeti_Ise_cezbolmanin_ve_oz_yeterliligin_rolu
  • Kettinger, W. J., Li, Y., Davis, J. M., & Kettinger, L. (2015). The roles of psychological climate, information management capabilities, and IT support on knowledge-sharing: an MOA perspective. European Journal of Information Systems, 24, 59-75.
  • Kilian, C. (1999). The two sides of the school culture coin. Technos Quarterly, 8/3. http://www.technos.net/journal/volume8/3kilian.htm
  • Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond Self-man- agement: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 58–74, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256874
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Koşar, S. (2008). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [The relationship between primary school supervisors? styles of using power in management and organizational culture]. Gazi University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Koys, D. J., & DeCotiis, T. A. (1991). Inductive measures of psychological climate. Human Relations, 44(3), 265- 285.
  • Lee, K. L., & Low, G. T. (2009). The exercise of social power and the effect of ethnicity: Evidence from Malaysian’s industrial companies. International Business Research, 1(2), 53-65. doi:10.5539/ibr.v1n2p53
  • Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, inter- personal relationships and work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 407–416, http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.407
  • Lunenburg, F. C. and Ornstein, A. C. (2004) Educational administration: Concepts and practices. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
  • Manning, R. L. (2010). Development of the psychological climate scale for small business. Journal of New Business Ideas & Trends, 8(1), 50-65.
  • Martin, A. J., Jones, E. S., & Callan, V. J. (2005). The role of psychological climate in facilitating employee adjustment during organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(3), 263-289.
  • Martin, C. A., & Bush, A. J. (2006). Psychological cli- mate, empowerment, leadership style, and custom- er-oriented selling: An analysis of the sales man- ager-salesperson dyad. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34, 419–438, http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0092070306286205
  • Maydeu-Olivares, A. & Garcia Forero, C. (2010). Goodness-of-fit testing. International Encyclopedia of Education, 7, 190-196. McDougall, M. & Beattie, R. S. (1998) The missing link? Understanding the relationship between individual and organisational learning. International Journal of Training and Development, 2, 288– 299.
  • O'Neill, B., & Arendt, L. A. (2008). Psychological climate and work attitudes: The ımportance of telling the right story. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 14(4), 353-370.
  • Özcan, K., Karataş, İ. H., Çağlar, Ç. & Polat, M. (2014). Eğitim fakültesi yöneticilerinin güç kullanma biçimlerinin örgüt kültürüne etkisi: Bir durum çalışması [The effect of power use styles of education faculty administrators on organizational culture: A case study]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice,14(2), 545-569. https://www.academia.edu/42453189/Eğitim_Fakültesi_Yöneticilerinin_Güç_Kullanma_Biçimlerinin_Örgüt_Kültürüne_Etkisi_Bir_Durum_Çalışması
  • Özdemir, S. (2012). İlköğretim okullarında okul kültürü ile örgütsel sağlık arasındaki ilişki [The Relationship between School Culture and Organizational Health in Primary Schools]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 4(4), 599-620.
  • Özgenel, M. (2018). Modeling the relationships between school administrators’ creative and critical thinking dispo¬sitions with decision making styles and problem solving skills. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18, 673–700. http:// dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.3.0068
  • Pheysey D.C. (1993). Organizational cultures: Types and transformations. London: Routledge.
  • Polatcı S., & Özçalık. F. (2013). Yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin işyeri nezaketsizliği ve tüken- mişliğe etkisi [The effects of structural and psychologicial empowerment on workplace incivility and burnout]. Sakarya University Journal of Business Science, 1(1), 17-34. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423904898.pdf
  • Powers, J. M. (2009). Charter schools: From reform imagery to reform reality. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230622111_1
  • Rahim, M. A. & Afza, M. (1993). Leader power, commitment, satisfaction, compliance and propensity to leave a job among US accountants. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(5), 611-625.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(5), 825-836.
  • Rice, T. W. & Steele, B. J. (2004). Subjective well-being and culture across time and space. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 633- 647.
  • Russell, B. (1938). Power, a new social analysis. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Saphier, J., & King, M. (1985). Good seeds grow in strong cultures. Educational Leadership, 42(6), 67-74.
  • Schein, E. H. (1985) Organizational Culture and Leadership (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass).
  • Schein, E. H. (1996) Culture: the missing concept in organization studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 229–240. Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schneider, B. & Reichers, A. E. (1983). On the etiology of climates. Personnel Psychology, 36, 19–39
  • Schoen, L. T. & Teddlie, C. (2008). A new model of school culture: A response to a call for conceptual clarity. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 19(2), 129-153. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450802095278
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. New York: Routledge Taylor ve Francis Group.
  • Schyns, B., Veldhoven, M. v., & Wood, S. (2009). Organizational climate, relative psychological climate and job satisfaction: The example of supportive leadership climate. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(7), 649-663.
  • Sezgin, F. (2010). Psikolojik dayanıklılığı düşük ve yüksek öğretmenlerde örgütsel bağlılık üzerine bir araştırma [Investigating the pyschologicial hardıness levels of primary school teachers]. 19th National Educational Sciences Congress Abstracts (92-93). Lefkoşa: International Kıbrıs University Education Faculty. https://www.yumpu.com/tr/document/read/44713979/ilkogretim-okulu-ogretmenlerinin-psikolojik-dayankllk-duzeylerinin-
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256865
  • Strutton, D., Pelton, L. E., & Lumpkin, J. R. (1993). The influence of psychological climate on conflict resolution strategies in franchise relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(3), 207-215.
  • Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., & Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapısal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri [The Validty and Reliability Analysis of Structural Empowerment and Psychological empowerment Scales]. Journal of Yasar University, 8(31), 5371-5391. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296431464_Yapisal_Guclendirme_ve_Psikolojik_Guclendirme_Olceklerinin_Gecerlilik_ve_Guvenilirlik_Analizleri_-_The_Validty_and_Reliability_Analysis_of_Structural_Empowerment_and_Psychological_empowerment_Scales
  • Şentürk, C. & Sağnak, M. (2012). İlköğretim okulu müdürlerinin liderlik davranışları ı̇le okul ı̇klimi arasındaki ı̇lişki [The relationship between leadership behavior of primary school managers and school climate]. Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(1), 29-47. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tebd/issue/26138/275287
  • Tajasom, A. & Ahmad, A. Z. (2011). Principals’ leadership style and school climate: Teachers’ perspectives from Malaysia. The International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 7(4), 314-333. Terzi, A. R. (2005). İlköğretim okullarında örgüt kültürü [Organizational Culture ın Primary Schools]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 43(43), 423-442. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10354/126787
  • Thayer, S. F. (2008). Psychological climate and ıts relationship to employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour (Unpublished doctoral dissertion) Capella University, Minneapolis.
  • Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666–681, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ AMR.1990.4310926
  • Tolay, E., Sürgevil, O. & Topoyan, M. (2012). Akademik çalışma ortamında yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin duygusal bağlılık ve iş doyumu üzerindeki etkileri [Impact of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction in Academic Work Setting]. Ege Academic Review, 12(4), 449- 465. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307798146_Akademik_Calisma_Ortaminda_Yapisal_ve_Psikolojik_Guclendirmenin_Duygusal_Baglilik_ve_Is_Doyumu_Uzerindeki_Etkileri
  • Toytok, E. & Uçar, L. (2018). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç türleri ve örgütsel depresyon: Bir ilişkisel tarama modeli [The Power Types that are Used by School Administrators and the Organizational Depression: A Corrrelational Screening Model]. Ekev Journal 22(76). http://www.ekevakademi.org/Makaleler/1743889194_06%20Esef%20Hakan%20TOYTOK-Leyla%20UCAR.pdf
  • Wang, Y. (2015). Examining organizational citizenship behavior of Japanese employees: A multidimensional analysis of the relationship to organizational commit- ment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(4), 425–444, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09 585192.2011.560882
  • Wei, Yu-Chen , Han, Tzu-Shian & Hsu, I-Chieh(2010). High-performance HR practices and OCB: Aacross-level investigation of a causal path', The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(10), 1631-1648, Doi; 10.1080/09585192.2010. 500487 Yıldız, B. & Yıldız, H. (2015). The effect of servant leadership on psychological ownership: The moderator role of perceived organizational support. Journal of Global Strategic Management 9(2), 65-77.
  • Yılmaz, F. (2009). Eğitim örgütlerinde örgüt kültürünün öğretmenlerin ı̇ş motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi (Yayımlanmamıi yüksek lisans tezi). [Effects of organizational culture in educational organizations on teachers' job motivation]. Selçuk University, Konya. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between school administrators’ power sources and teachers’ job satisfaction]. Journal of Kastamonu Education Faculty, 20(2), 385-402. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefdergi/issue/48697/619533
  • Zhang, A. Y., Song, L. J., Tsui, A. S., & Fu, P. P. 2014. Employee responses to employment- relationship practices: The role of psychological empowerment and traditionality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(6), 809–830.
  • Zohar, D. & Luria, G. (2004). Climate as a social-cognitive construction of supervisory safety practices: Scripts as Proxy of behaviour patterns. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 322-333.

Güç Türleri, Psikolojik Güçlendirme, Okul Kültürü ve Psikolojik Iklim Arasındaki Ilişkiler: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 68 - 91, 25.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.19160/ijer.751727

Öz

Bu araştırma, psikolojik güçlendirmeyi etkilediği düşünülen okul yöneticilerinin güç kaynakları, okul kültürü ve psikolojik iklimi hakkında bir çıkarım yapmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma, önerilen kavramsal modeli test etmek için korelasyon araştırma modeline göre tasarlanmış, yürütülmüş ve bu model Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (SEM) ile test edilmiştir. Araştırmaya 358 öğretmen (252 kadın ve 97 erkek) katılmıştır. Bulgular uyum indekslerine göre değerlendirilmiş ve yapılan modifikasyon sonucunda modelin uyum değerlerinin mükemmel düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir (χ²=5.766; df=7; p=.567; χ²/df=.824; SRMR= .021; GFI=.995; AGFI=981; NFI=.994; TLI=1.000; CFI=1.000; RMSEA=.000). Elde edilen modele göre; okul müdürlerinin kullandıkları yumuşak güç türleri, psikolojik güçlendirmeyi olumlu etkilerken; sert güç türleri psikolojik güçlendirmeyi etkilememektedir. Yumuşak güç türleri, görev kültürünü, başarı kültürünü ve destek kültürünü olumlu etkilerken; bürokratik kültürü olumsuz etkilemektedir. Sert güç türleri, okulun kültürel boyutlarını etkilememektedir. Yumuşak güç türleri, psikolojik iklimi olumlu etkilerken; sert güç türlerinin etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Başarı kültürü ve görev kültürü, psikolojik güçlendirmeyi olumlu etkilerken; bürokratik kültür ve başarı kültürü, psikolojik güçlendirmeyi etkilememektedir. Başarı kültürü, görev kültürü ve destek kültürü, psikolojik iklimi olumlu etkilerken; bürokratik kültür etkilememektedir. Psikolojik iklim, psikolojik güçlendirmeyi olumlu etkilemektedir. Araştırma sonucunda okul kültürünün psikolojik iklim ve psikolojik güçlendirmeyi etkileyen önemli bir faktör olduğu görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, A. (2017). Otel işletmelerinde örgüt iklimine etki eden yönetsel güç kaynaklarının belirlenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [The Determination of Managerial Power Source Affecting Organizational Climate in Hotel Enterprises]. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir. http://acikerisim.nevsehir.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.11787/305/Ahmet_Akdemir_Tez.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Akgül, R. (2013). Ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki yöneticilerin yönetimde gücü kullanma stillerinin öğretmen algılarına göre örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Effect of secondary scholl administrators' power use styles in management on organizational commitment according to teachers' perceptions]. Trakya University, Edirne. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp Altınkurt, Y., Yılmaz, K., Erol, E., & Salalı, E. T. (2014). Okul müdürlerinin kullandığı güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm algıları arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between School Principals’ Use of Power Sources and Teachers’ Organizational Cynicism Perceptions]. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 3(1), 25-52. http://jtee.org/document/issue5/MAK2.pdf
  • Altunkese, T. N. (2002). Psikolojik ı̇klimin örgüte adama ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ile ı̇lişkisi üzerine bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [A Study of relationship between psychological climate, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in a public organization]. Osmangazi University, Eskişehir. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp Amenumey, E. K., & Lockwood, A. (2008). Psychological climate and psychological empowerment: An exploration in a luxury UK Hotel Group. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 265-282.
  • Angus J. MacNeil, Doris L. Prater & Steve Busch (2009) The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73-84, DOI: 10.1080/13603120701576241
  • Argon, T. & Limon, İ. (2017). Psikolojik iklim ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The adaptation of psychological climate scale into Turkish: the study of validity and reliability]. International Journal of Human Sciences, 14(3), 2888-2901. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/4614/2300
  • Arpaguş, A. U. (2011). Okul kültürünün öğretmen davranışlarına etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi) [The effect of school culture on behaviors of teachers]. Trakya University, Edirne. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Ashforth, B.E. (1989) The experience of powerlessness in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 207-42.
  • Aslanargun, E. (2009). İlköğretim ve lise müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde kullandığı güç türleri (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi) [The power sources that principals handle in Turkish public elementary and secondary school administration]. Ankara University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Ateş, F. (2017). Ö. Turunç & H. Turgut (Ed.), Yönetim ve strateji: 101 teori ve yaklaşım içinde [ Management and strategy: 101 in theory and approach]. (125-159). Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.
  • Atmaca, T. (2014). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç türleri ile öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları yıldırma, örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). [Relationship among the power types of school principals' and teachers' mobbing, organizational commitment and organizational cynicism perception]. Gazi University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of organizational behavior, 25(8), 951–968, http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/job.283
  • Aydın, M. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi [Education Management ]. (9th Edition). Ankara: Hatiboğlu Publishing.
  • Ayık, A. & Şayir, G. (2014). Okul müdürlerin öğretimsel liderlik davranışları ile örgüt iklimi arasındaki ilişki [The relation between, instructional leadership behaviours of school principals and organizational climate]. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 13(49), 253-279. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275228410_OKUL_MUDURLERIN_OGRETIMSEL_LIDERLIK_DAVRANISLARI_ILE_ORGUT_IKLIMI_ARASINDAKI_ILISKI
  • Balcı, A. (1993). Etkili okul: Kuram, uygulama ve araştırma [Effective school: Theory, practice and research]. Ankara: Erek Publishing.
  • Barkhi, R. & Kao, Y. C. (2011). Psychological climate and decision-making performance in a GDSS context. Information and Management, 48, 125-134.
  • Barret, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences 42, 815-824.
  • Bell, N.E. & Staw, B.M. (1980) People as Sculptors versus Sculptures: The roles of personality and personal control in organizations. In Arthur, M.B., Hall, D.T. and Lawrence, B.S. (Eds.) Handbook of career theory (pp. 232-51). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
  • Biswas, S. (2010). Relationship between psychological climate and turnover intentions and its impact on organisational effectiveness: A study in Indian organisations. Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Management Review, 22, 102- 110.
  • Biswas, S. (2010). Relationship between psychological climate and turnover intentions and its impact on organisational effectiveness: A study in Indian organisations. Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Management Review, 22, 102- 110.
  • Biswas, S., & Varma, A. (2007). Psychological climate and individual performance in India: test of mediated model. Employee Relations, 29 (6), 664-676.
  • Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
  • Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher enpowerment on teachers' organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 538-625.
  • Bolat, T., Bolat, O. İ., & Yüksel, M. (2016). Hizmetkâr liderlik ve psikolojik güçlendirme ilişkisi: Örgüt kültürünün düzenleyici etkisi [The Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Psychological Empowerment: Moderating Effect of Organizational Culture]. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute,19(36),1. http://dspace.balikesir.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12462/3851/tamer-bolat.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Boudrias, J. S., Morin, A. J., & Lajoie, D. (2014). Direc- tionality of the associations between psychological em- powerment and behavioural involvement: A longitudinal autoregressive cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 437–463, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joop.12056
  • Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 358-368.
  • Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Muthen, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement in variance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456-466.
  • Can, H., Aşan, Ö., &Aydın, E. M. (2006). Örgütsel davranış [Organizational behavior]. İstanbul: Arıkan Publishing.
  • Chen, C.-C. (2011). Factors affecting high school teachers’ knowledge-sharing behaviors. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 39, 993-1008.
  • Cooke, R., & Szumal, J.L (1993). Measuring normative beliefs and shared behavioral expectations in organizations. Psychological Reports. 72, 1299-1330.
  • Cömert, M. (2014). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri ile okul müdürlerinin kullandıkları örgütsel güç kaynakları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Analysis of relation between teacher's organizational commitment level and principals's power sources]. Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp Cresweel, J. W. (2017). Nicel ve nitel Araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research]. (H. Ekşi, Tra. Ed.). İstanbul: Edam.
  • Cropanzano, R. ve Mitchell, M. (2005). Social exhange theory: An ınterdiciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
  • Çalışkur, A. (2015). Örgütlerde Güç Olgusu ve Gücün Kullanımı [Power Fact and Using Power in Organizations]. Cankiri Karatekin University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 7(1): 029-048. http://sbedergi.karatekin.edu.tr/Makaleler/651995685_2-%c3%96rg%c3%bctlerde%20G%c3%bc%c3%a7%20Olgusu%20ve%20G%c3%bcc%c3%bcn%20Kullan%c4%b1m%c4%b1.pdf
  • Çavuş, M. F. ve Akgemci, T. (2008). İşletmelerde personel güçlendirmenin örgütsel yaratıcılık ve yenilikçiliğe etkisi: İmalat sanayiinde bir araştırma [The effect of empowering staff on organizational creativity and innovation: a research in the manufacturing industry]. Selçuk University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 20, 229-244. http://dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr/susbed/article/view/365
  • Çekmecioğlu, H. & Eren, E. (2007). Psikolojik güçlendirme, örgütsel bağlılık ve yaratıcı davranış arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi [Assessment of Relationship Between Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Commitment and Creative Behavior]. Journal of Administration, 18(57), 13-25. http://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php?lng=0&recid=6251&pdf=0006241&journalnu
  • Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan güçlendirmenin işgören performansı üzerine etkileri [At the effects of perceived empowerment on employee performance]. Journal of Doğuş University, 9(1), 35-46. https://openaccess.dogus.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11376/391?show=full#sthash.lQtfHoxq.dpbs
  • Day, D. V., & Bedeian, A. G. (1991). Predicting job performance across organizations: The interaction of work orientation and psychological climate. Journal of Management, 17(3), 589-600.
  • Deci, E.L., Connell, J.P. & Ryan, R.M. (1989) Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 580-90.
  • Demir, K. (2010). İnsan kaynakları uygulamalarının işyerinde psikolojik güçlendirmeye etkisi: Bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [The effect of human resources practices on psychological empowerment in workplace: A research]. Yıldız Teknik University, İstanbul. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Doğan, S. (2006). Personel Güçlendirme Rekabette Başarının Anahtarı [Empowerment is the Key to Success in Competition]. İstanbul: Kare Publishing.
  • Emet, C. (2006). Personelin Güçlendirilme Algıları ile Örgütsel Kültür Arasındaki İlişkinin Bankacılık Sektöründe Ampirik Olarak İncelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) [An empirical evaluation of the relation between employee's perception of empowerment and the corporate culture in the banking sector]. Dumlupınar University, Kütahya. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Erkutlu, H. & Chafra, J. (2013). Effects of trust and psychological contract violation on authentic leadership and organizational deviance. Management Research Review, 36(9), 828-848, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-06-2012-0136
  • Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • French, J. R. P., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Studies in social power (pp. 150-67). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
  • Ghanbari, S. and Eskandari, A. (2014). Organizational Climate, Job Motivation and OCB. International Journal of Management Perspective, 1(3), 1-14.
  • Ghani, N.A.A. ve Hussin, T.A.B. (2009). The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Lecturers’ Innovative Behaviour in Malaysian Private Higher Education Institutions. Canadian Social Science, 5(4):54-62.
  • Gligorović, M., & Buha., N. (2016). Influence of Inhibitory Control on Planning Abilities in Children With Mild Intellectual Dısability. Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, 187-195.
  • Gül, H. & Çöl, G. (2004). Personeli Güçlü Kılan Örgütsel Yapı Oluşturmada SosyalYapısal Öncülerin Güçlendirmeye Olan Etkileri ve Sonuçları Üzerine Bir Araştırma [Research on the Effects and Results of Social Structural Pioneers on Empowerment in Creating Organizational Structures that Empower Personnel]. Journal of Atatürk University, 18(3-4), 249-272. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2684/35237
  • Hallinger, P., Bickman, L., & Davis, K. (1996). School context, principal leadership, and student reading achievement. The Elementary School Journal, 96, 527-549.
  • Handy, C.B. (1981). Understanding organization (second edition). Aylesbury: Hazell Watson Ltd.
  • Harrison, R. (1972). Understanding your organization’s character. Harvard Business Review,119-128
  • Heck, R. H. & Marcoulides, G. A. (1996) School culture and performance: testing the invariance of an organizational model. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 7(1), 76–96.
  • Hoy, W. K. (1990) Organizational climate and culture: a conceptual analysis of the school workplace. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1(2), 149–168.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
  • İhtiyaroğlu, N. (2017). Yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin öğretmen motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi [The Effect of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Teachers’ Motivation]. Journal of Kırıkkale University of Education Faculty, (2), 361-378. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325248662_Ihtiyaroglu_N_2017_Yapisal_ve_psikolojik_guclendirmenin_ogretmen_motivasyonu_uzerindeki_etkisi_Kirikkale_Universitesi_Sosyal_Bilimleri_Dergisi_72_361-378
  • Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. & Begum, N., (2006). The role of social power, procedural justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction to engerder organizational citizenship behavior. ABAC Journal, 26(3), 21-36.
  • James, L. A., & James, L. R. (1989). Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 739-751.
  • James, L. R., & Jones, A. P. (1974). Organizational climate: A review of theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 81(12), 1096–1112. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037511
  • James, L. R., & Sells, S. B. (1981). Psychological Climate: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Research. D. Magnusson içinde, Toward A Psychology of Situations: An Interactional Perspective. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • James, L. R., Hartman, A., Stebbins, M. W., & Jones, A. P. (1977). Relationship between psychological of climate and a vie model for work motivation. Personnel Psychology, 30, 229-254.
  • Joyce, W. & Slocum, J. (1982). Climate Discrep-ancy: Refining the Concepts of Psychological and Organi-zational Climate. Human Relations, 35 (11). 951-72.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. (2004). On chi-squares for the ındependence model and fit measures in Lisrel. http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/techdocs/ftb.pdf
  • Kadıoğlu Ateş, H., & Vatansever Bayraktar, H. (2018). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin okul kültürü algısı ı̇le ı̇ş doyumu arasındaki ı̇lişki [The Effect of School Culture on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction]. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(19), 127- 162 http://static.dergipark.org.tr/article-download/1a74/74e8/0e7b/5e3433da4a23c.pdf?
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
  • Kanbur, E. (2018). Havacılık sektöründe psikolojik güçlendirme, ı̇ş performansı ve ı̇şten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ı̇lişkilerin ı̇ncelenmesi [Investigation of relationships between psychological empowerment, job performance and intention to leave in a aviation sectoe]. Int. Journal of Management Economics and Business, 14(1), 147-162. http://ijmeb.org/index.php/zkesbe/article/view/1451
  • Karagonlar, G., Öztürk, E. B. & Özmen, Ö. N. (2015). Çalışanın örgütle sosyal mübadele algısı ve işten ayrılma niyeti: İşe cezbolmanın ve öz yeterliliğin rolü [Employee's perception of social exchange with the organization and intention to quit: The role of attractiveness and self-efficacy]. METU Studies in Development 42(3), 411. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303703601_Calisanin_orgutle_sosyal_mubadele_algisi_ve_isten_ayrilma_niyeti_Ise_cezbolmanin_ve_oz_yeterliligin_rolu
  • Kettinger, W. J., Li, Y., Davis, J. M., & Kettinger, L. (2015). The roles of psychological climate, information management capabilities, and IT support on knowledge-sharing: an MOA perspective. European Journal of Information Systems, 24, 59-75.
  • Kilian, C. (1999). The two sides of the school culture coin. Technos Quarterly, 8/3. http://www.technos.net/journal/volume8/3kilian.htm
  • Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond Self-man- agement: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 58–74, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256874
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Koşar, S. (2008). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [The relationship between primary school supervisors? styles of using power in management and organizational culture]. Gazi University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Koys, D. J., & DeCotiis, T. A. (1991). Inductive measures of psychological climate. Human Relations, 44(3), 265- 285.
  • Lee, K. L., & Low, G. T. (2009). The exercise of social power and the effect of ethnicity: Evidence from Malaysian’s industrial companies. International Business Research, 1(2), 53-65. doi:10.5539/ibr.v1n2p53
  • Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, inter- personal relationships and work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 407–416, http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.407
  • Lunenburg, F. C. and Ornstein, A. C. (2004) Educational administration: Concepts and practices. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
  • Manning, R. L. (2010). Development of the psychological climate scale for small business. Journal of New Business Ideas & Trends, 8(1), 50-65.
  • Martin, A. J., Jones, E. S., & Callan, V. J. (2005). The role of psychological climate in facilitating employee adjustment during organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(3), 263-289.
  • Martin, C. A., & Bush, A. J. (2006). Psychological cli- mate, empowerment, leadership style, and custom- er-oriented selling: An analysis of the sales man- ager-salesperson dyad. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34, 419–438, http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0092070306286205
  • Maydeu-Olivares, A. & Garcia Forero, C. (2010). Goodness-of-fit testing. International Encyclopedia of Education, 7, 190-196. McDougall, M. & Beattie, R. S. (1998) The missing link? Understanding the relationship between individual and organisational learning. International Journal of Training and Development, 2, 288– 299.
  • O'Neill, B., & Arendt, L. A. (2008). Psychological climate and work attitudes: The ımportance of telling the right story. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 14(4), 353-370.
  • Özcan, K., Karataş, İ. H., Çağlar, Ç. & Polat, M. (2014). Eğitim fakültesi yöneticilerinin güç kullanma biçimlerinin örgüt kültürüne etkisi: Bir durum çalışması [The effect of power use styles of education faculty administrators on organizational culture: A case study]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice,14(2), 545-569. https://www.academia.edu/42453189/Eğitim_Fakültesi_Yöneticilerinin_Güç_Kullanma_Biçimlerinin_Örgüt_Kültürüne_Etkisi_Bir_Durum_Çalışması
  • Özdemir, S. (2012). İlköğretim okullarında okul kültürü ile örgütsel sağlık arasındaki ilişki [The Relationship between School Culture and Organizational Health in Primary Schools]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 4(4), 599-620.
  • Özgenel, M. (2018). Modeling the relationships between school administrators’ creative and critical thinking dispo¬sitions with decision making styles and problem solving skills. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18, 673–700. http:// dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.3.0068
  • Pheysey D.C. (1993). Organizational cultures: Types and transformations. London: Routledge.
  • Polatcı S., & Özçalık. F. (2013). Yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin işyeri nezaketsizliği ve tüken- mişliğe etkisi [The effects of structural and psychologicial empowerment on workplace incivility and burnout]. Sakarya University Journal of Business Science, 1(1), 17-34. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423904898.pdf
  • Powers, J. M. (2009). Charter schools: From reform imagery to reform reality. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230622111_1
  • Rahim, M. A. & Afza, M. (1993). Leader power, commitment, satisfaction, compliance and propensity to leave a job among US accountants. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(5), 611-625.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(5), 825-836.
  • Rice, T. W. & Steele, B. J. (2004). Subjective well-being and culture across time and space. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 633- 647.
  • Russell, B. (1938). Power, a new social analysis. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Saphier, J., & King, M. (1985). Good seeds grow in strong cultures. Educational Leadership, 42(6), 67-74.
  • Schein, E. H. (1985) Organizational Culture and Leadership (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass).
  • Schein, E. H. (1996) Culture: the missing concept in organization studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 229–240. Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schneider, B. & Reichers, A. E. (1983). On the etiology of climates. Personnel Psychology, 36, 19–39
  • Schoen, L. T. & Teddlie, C. (2008). A new model of school culture: A response to a call for conceptual clarity. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 19(2), 129-153. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450802095278
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. New York: Routledge Taylor ve Francis Group.
  • Schyns, B., Veldhoven, M. v., & Wood, S. (2009). Organizational climate, relative psychological climate and job satisfaction: The example of supportive leadership climate. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(7), 649-663.
  • Sezgin, F. (2010). Psikolojik dayanıklılığı düşük ve yüksek öğretmenlerde örgütsel bağlılık üzerine bir araştırma [Investigating the pyschologicial hardıness levels of primary school teachers]. 19th National Educational Sciences Congress Abstracts (92-93). Lefkoşa: International Kıbrıs University Education Faculty. https://www.yumpu.com/tr/document/read/44713979/ilkogretim-okulu-ogretmenlerinin-psikolojik-dayankllk-duzeylerinin-
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256865
  • Strutton, D., Pelton, L. E., & Lumpkin, J. R. (1993). The influence of psychological climate on conflict resolution strategies in franchise relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(3), 207-215.
  • Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., & Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapısal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri [The Validty and Reliability Analysis of Structural Empowerment and Psychological empowerment Scales]. Journal of Yasar University, 8(31), 5371-5391. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296431464_Yapisal_Guclendirme_ve_Psikolojik_Guclendirme_Olceklerinin_Gecerlilik_ve_Guvenilirlik_Analizleri_-_The_Validty_and_Reliability_Analysis_of_Structural_Empowerment_and_Psychological_empowerment_Scales
  • Şentürk, C. & Sağnak, M. (2012). İlköğretim okulu müdürlerinin liderlik davranışları ı̇le okul ı̇klimi arasındaki ı̇lişki [The relationship between leadership behavior of primary school managers and school climate]. Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(1), 29-47. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tebd/issue/26138/275287
  • Tajasom, A. & Ahmad, A. Z. (2011). Principals’ leadership style and school climate: Teachers’ perspectives from Malaysia. The International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 7(4), 314-333. Terzi, A. R. (2005). İlköğretim okullarında örgüt kültürü [Organizational Culture ın Primary Schools]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 43(43), 423-442. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10354/126787
  • Thayer, S. F. (2008). Psychological climate and ıts relationship to employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour (Unpublished doctoral dissertion) Capella University, Minneapolis.
  • Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666–681, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ AMR.1990.4310926
  • Tolay, E., Sürgevil, O. & Topoyan, M. (2012). Akademik çalışma ortamında yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin duygusal bağlılık ve iş doyumu üzerindeki etkileri [Impact of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction in Academic Work Setting]. Ege Academic Review, 12(4), 449- 465. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307798146_Akademik_Calisma_Ortaminda_Yapisal_ve_Psikolojik_Guclendirmenin_Duygusal_Baglilik_ve_Is_Doyumu_Uzerindeki_Etkileri
  • Toytok, E. & Uçar, L. (2018). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç türleri ve örgütsel depresyon: Bir ilişkisel tarama modeli [The Power Types that are Used by School Administrators and the Organizational Depression: A Corrrelational Screening Model]. Ekev Journal 22(76). http://www.ekevakademi.org/Makaleler/1743889194_06%20Esef%20Hakan%20TOYTOK-Leyla%20UCAR.pdf
  • Wang, Y. (2015). Examining organizational citizenship behavior of Japanese employees: A multidimensional analysis of the relationship to organizational commit- ment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(4), 425–444, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09 585192.2011.560882
  • Wei, Yu-Chen , Han, Tzu-Shian & Hsu, I-Chieh(2010). High-performance HR practices and OCB: Aacross-level investigation of a causal path', The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(10), 1631-1648, Doi; 10.1080/09585192.2010. 500487 Yıldız, B. & Yıldız, H. (2015). The effect of servant leadership on psychological ownership: The moderator role of perceived organizational support. Journal of Global Strategic Management 9(2), 65-77.
  • Yılmaz, F. (2009). Eğitim örgütlerinde örgüt kültürünün öğretmenlerin ı̇ş motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi (Yayımlanmamıi yüksek lisans tezi). [Effects of organizational culture in educational organizations on teachers' job motivation]. Selçuk University, Konya. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between school administrators’ power sources and teachers’ job satisfaction]. Journal of Kastamonu Education Faculty, 20(2), 385-402. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefdergi/issue/48697/619533
  • Zhang, A. Y., Song, L. J., Tsui, A. S., & Fu, P. P. 2014. Employee responses to employment- relationship practices: The role of psychological empowerment and traditionality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(6), 809–830.
  • Zohar, D. & Luria, G. (2004). Climate as a social-cognitive construction of supervisory safety practices: Scripts as Proxy of behaviour patterns. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 322-333.
Toplam 113 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Eğitim Bilimleri ve Alan Eğitimi Bilimleri
Yazarlar

Pınar Mert 0000-0003-3633-7556

Mustafa Özgenel 0000-0002-7276-4865

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mert, P., & Özgenel, M. (2020). Relationships Between Power Sources, Psychological Empowerment, School Culture and Psychological Climate: A Structural Equation Modeling. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 68-91. https://doi.org/10.19160/ijer.751727

Creative Commons Lisansı
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)


[email protected]        http://www.e-ijer.com       Adres: Ege Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi  Bornova/İzmir