Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Education Levels of the Parents on Dental Anxiety in Children

Year 2005, Volume: 32 Issue: 1 - Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 45 - 54, 01.02.2005

Özant Önçağ Dilşah Çoğulu

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine theeffects of socioeconomic status and parental education considering gender on the dental anxiety of thechildren aged between 3-12 years old and who hadtheir first dental visit.120 children 61 boys and 59 girls from twoage groups Group I: 3-5 years, Group II: 6-12years were participated in this study. To determinethe dental anxiety level of the children, VenhamPicture Test VPT , sitting pattern test and Frankl’sBehavioral Scale were used in Group I andChildren’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale CFSS-DS and Frankl’s Behavioral Scale inGroup II. Gender of children, socioeconomic statusand education levels of the parents were alsorecorded.All data were determined statistically by usingSPSS 10.0 software program with chi-square test,Mann-Whitney test, Fisher’s Exact test andKruskal-Wallis test.Negative correlation was found between children’s dental anxiety and socioeconomic status andeducation levels of the parents p

Keywords

Dental anxiety, socioeconomic status, education level

AİLENİN SOSYOEKONOMİK DURUMU VE EĞİTİM DÜZEYİNİN ÇOCUKLARDA DENTAL KAYGI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dişhekimi ziyaretine ilkdefa gelen, 3-12 yaş grubu çocuklarda, cinsiyet degöz önünde bulundurularak, ailenin eğitim düzeyive sosyoekonomik durumunun, çocuklarda dentalkaygı üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.İki farklı yaş grubunda Grup I: 3-5 yaş,Grup II: 6-12 yaş incelenen toplam 120 çocuk 61erkek, 59 kız , çalışmaya dahil edildi. Grup I’dekiçocukların dental kaygı düzeylerinindeğerlendirilmesinde, Venham Resim Testi VRT ,oturma biçimi testi sitting-pattern ve FranklDavranış Skalası kullanılırken, Grup II’de ÇocuktaKorku Değerlendirme Skalası CFSS-DS veFrankl Davranış Skalası kullanıldı. Ayrıcaçocuğun cinsiyeti ile, ailenin sosyoekonomik durumu ve eğitim düzeyleri kaydedildi. Tüm verilerin istatistiksel olarakdeğerlendirilmesi, SPSS 10,0 programıkullanılarak ki-kare testi, Mann-Whitney testi,Fisher’s Exact test ve Kruskal-Wallis testi ileyapıldı.Çocuğun dental kaygısı ile ailenin sosyoekonomik durumu ve eğitim düzeyi arasındanegatif korelasyon varlığı saptandı p

Keywords

Dental kaygı, sosyoekonomik durum, eğitim düzeyi

References

• Morgan CT. Psikolojiye Giriş, 8. Baskı, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, Metaksan Ltd., 1991, s.223-9. Brown DF, Wright FA, McMurray NE.
• Psychological and behavioral factors associated with dental anxiety in children. J Behav Med 1986; 9: 213-8.
• Freeman RE. Dental anxiety: A multifactori- al aetiology. Br Dent J 1985; 159: 406-8.
• Buchanan H, Niven N. Validation of a facial image scale to assess child dental anxiety. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002; 12: 47-52.
• Ragnarsson E. Dental fear and anxiety in an adult Icelandic population. Acta Odontol Scand 1998; 56: 100-4.
• Milgrom P, Fiset L, Melnick S, Weinstein P. The prevalence and practice management conse- quences of dental fear in a major US city. J Am Dent Assoc 1988; 116: 641-7.
• Cuthbert MI, Melamed BG. A screening device: children at risk for dental fear and manage- ment problems. ASDC J Dent Child 1982; 49: 432-6.
• Folayan MO, Idehen EE, Ufomata D. The effect of sociodemographic factors on dental anxiety in children seen in a suburban Nigerian hospital. Int J Paediatr Dent 2003; 13: 20-6.
• Liddell A, Murray P. Sex and age differences in children’s reports of dental anxiety and self-effi- cacy relating to dental visits. Canad J Behav 1989; 21: 270-8.
• Alwin NP, Murray JJ, Britton PG. An assessment of dental anxiety in children. Br Dent J 1991; 171: 201-7.
• Mathewson RJ, Primosh RE, Sanger RG. Fundamentals of Dentistry for Children, Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc. 1982; p.201-3.
• McDonald RE. Dentistry for the child and adolescent, St.Louis: C.V. Mosby Comp, 1969; p.25- 35.
• Wein SHY. Managing the patient and par- ents in dental practice. Pediatric Dentistry- Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, p. 164, 1988.
• ten Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002; 30: 101-7.
• Folayan MO, Adekoya-Sofowara CA, Otuyemi OD, Ufamata D. Parental anxiety as a pos- sible predisposing factor to child dental anxiety in patients seen in a suburban dental hospital in Nigeria. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002; 12: 255-9.
• ten Berge M, Hoogstraten J, Veerkamp JS, Prins PJ. The dental subscale of the children’s fear survey schedule: a factor analytic study in the Netherlands. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 340-3.
• Shaw O. Dental anxiety in children. Br Dent J 1975; 139: 134-9 .
• Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Honkanen A, Karjalainen M, Tay KM. The dental fear survey schedule: a study of Finnish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1993; 3: 193-8.
• Chellappah NK, Vignehsa H, Milgrom P, Lam GL. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear in children in Singapore. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1990; 18: 269-71.
• Aartman IH, Everdingen T, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs, AHB. Self-report measurement of dental anxiety and fear in children: A critical assessment. J Dent Child 1998; 65: 252-8.
• Öztaş N, Tulunoğlu Ö, Uluçam S. Çocuklarda diş hekimi korkusunu değerlendirmede yeni bir projektif test: Çocukların diş hekimi korkusu resimli testi. Pedodonti Klinik Dergisi 1996; 3: 124- 9.
• Bailey PM, Talbot A, Taylor PP. A compar- ison of maternal anxiety levels with anxiety levels manifested in the child dental patient. ASDC J Dent Child 1973; 40: 277-84.
• Corah NL, Gale EN, Illig SJ. Assessment of a dental anxiety scale. J Am Dent Assoc 1978; 97: 816-9.
• Corah NL: Development of a dental anxiety scale. J Dent Res 1969; 48: 596.
• Holst A, Crossner CG. Direct ratings of acceptance of dental treatment in Swedish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987; 15: 258-63.
• Baykara A. Organik nedenlerle hastaneye yatan çocuklarda anksiyeteyi arttırıcı etkenler, Uzmanlık Tezi, E.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri A.D. 1976.
• Neverlien PO. Assessment of a single-item dental anxiety question. Acta Odontol Scand 1990; 48: 365-9.
• Sarı Ş, Tunç EŞ, Bilgin Z. Çocuklarda den- tal kaygının farklı test yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi: Karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2002; 29: 127-35.
• Demiröz I. Analysis of Turkish children’s dental anxiety by various psychological tests. Turk J Pediatr 1985; 27: 199-208.
• Rubin JG, Slovin M, Krochak M. The psy- chodynamics of dental anxiety and dental phobia, Dent Clin North Am 1988; 32: 647-56.
• Shuurs AH, Hoogstraten J. Appraisal of den- tal anxiety and fear questionnaires: a review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 329-39.
• White GE. Behaviour management in Pedodontics. Clinical oral pediatrics-Kisby L, Toronto: Quintessence Pb.Co.Inc. 1981; 213-21.
• Koch G, Modeer T, Poulsen S. Pedodontics, 1 st. ed. Denmark: PJ Schmidt, p. 65-77,1991.
• Bedi R, Sutcliffe P, Donnan PT, McConnachie J. The prevalence of dental anxiety in a young group of 13-and 14-year old Scottish chil- dren. Int J Paediatr Dent 1992; 2: 17-24.
• Raadal M, Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Mancl L, Cauce AM. The prevalence of dental anxiety in children from low income families and its relation- ship to personality traits. J Dent Res 1995; 74: 1439- 43.
• Wright FA, McMurray NE, Ciebartowski J. Strategies used by dentists in Victoria, Australia to manage children with anxiety or behavior problems. ASDC J Dent Child 1991; 58: 223-8.
• Wright GZ, Alpern GD. Variables influenc- ing children’s cooperative behavior at first dental visit. ASDC J Dent Child 1971; 38: 124-8.
• Moore R, Birn H, Kirkegaard E, Brodsgaard I, Scheutz F. Prevalence and characteris- tics of dental anxiety in Danish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 292-6.
• Peretz B, Moshonov J. Dental anxiety among patients undergoing endodontic treatment. J Endod 1998; 24: 435-7.
• Stabholz A, Peretz B. Dental anxiety among patients prior to different dental treatments. Int Dent J 1999; 49: 90-4.
• Hakeberg M, Berggren U, Carlsson SG. Prevalence of dental anxiety in an adult population in a major urban area in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1992; 20: 97-101.
• Kleinknecht RA, Thorndike RM, McGlynn FD, Harkavy J. Factor analysis of the dental fear sur- vey with cross-validation. J Am Dent Assoc 1984; 108: 59-61.