Experimental Study On Compressive Strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity And Water Content Of Concrete At Early Ages After A 28 Day Curing Period

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 31 - 39, 01.11.2018

Cengiz Kurtuluş Sibel Çiçek Tahir Serkan Irmak

https://izlik.org/JA36HE93YM

Abstract

Concrete
is most widely used as a building material. It is very important to know that the
concrete compressive strength was influenced by many factors such as the
aggregate type and size, cement type, humidity and water/cement ratio. Although
the characteristic strength of the concrete has reached 99% in 28 days of
curing time, still concrete continues to gain strength over long period since
the hydration process is not confined up to this certain period which is
long-lasting process. In this study an attempt was done to determine the
variations of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), uniaxial compressive strength
(UCS) and water content (ω) of concrete cubes after a 28 day cure period. The
concrete cubes for mix design CEM I 42, 5 R grade
cement were tested. A clear relationship was found between (UCS) and (ω) with
(UPV) over the 12 week period. (UCS), (UPV) and (ω) of concrete increase
rapidly in the initial 6 weeks after curing period and then reach about a
constant value. 

Keywords

Concrete , ultrasonic pulse velocity , uniaxial compressive strength , , water content

References

• Akkaya Y, Voigt T, Subramaniam KV and Shah SP (2003) Nondestructive measurement of concrete by ultrasonic wave reflection methods, Materials and structures, 36(8):507-514
• Albanoa C, Camacho N, Reyes J, Feliu JL, Hernandez M (2005) Influence of scrap rubber addition to Portland I concrete composites: Destructive and non-destructive testing, Composite Structures 71, 439–446
• Alimov AG (2007) Improvement of the theoretical foundations of the ultrasonic diagnosis of concrete and reinforced concrete hydrotechnical structures, Hydrotechnical Construction, vol. 2. [In Russian]
• Arıoğlu E, Odbay O, Alper H, Apıoğlu B (1994) Birleşik yıkıntısız yöntemle beton dayanımının kestirilmesi için yeni formül ve uygulama sonuçları. Beton Prefabrikasyon, 29, 5-11
• ASTM C 597 (2009) Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete. American Society for Testing and Materials.
• Baykof F, and Sigalof Y (1984) Reinforced concrete structure, Moskow: Mier
• BSI. Testing concrete. London BS 1881. Parts 5-209, 1970-1998.
• Burg, Ronald G (1996) The influence of casting and curing temperature on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, research and development Bulletin RD113, Portland Cement Association, [Influencia de la temperature durante el colado y el curado en Ias propiedades de concreto frescoy endurecido, Boletin de Investigation y Desarrollo RD113, Asociaci6n de Cemento Portland], Skokie, Illlinois, USA
• Carino NJ (1984) Laboratory study of flaw detection in concrete by impact-echo method, In-Situ/Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, Malhotra, V. M., Ed., ACI SP-82, A.C.I., 557
• Chang Che-Way and Lien Hung-Sheng (2008) Nondestructive measurement of concrete strength at early ages, department of civil engineering and engineering informatics chung-hua university, Email: [e-mail]
• Dennis A, Sack DA and Olson LD (1993) Advanced NDT Methods for Concrete Structures, Proceedings of the International Conference on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete in the Infrastructure, sponsored by the Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc., Dearborn, Michigan
• Dzenis VV and Lapsa VH (1972) Ultrasonic testing of hardening concrete. Leningrad: Strojizda (Publishing House for the construction), 1972. [In Russian]
• Elvery RH and Ibrahim LAM (1976) Ultrasonic assessment of concrete strength at early ages, Magazine of Concrete Research, December, 181-190
• Fadragas CR and Gonzalez MR (2011) Dependence of ultrasonic pulse propagation velocity on free water content in concrete structure under tropical climate conditions, presented at 5th Pan American Conference for NDT, Cancun, Mexico
• Gilkey H J (1961) Water/Cement Ratio versus Strength – Another Look. J. Amer. Concr. Inst., Part 2, 58, 1851-1878
• Gonnerman HF and Schman HS (1928) Test of plain concrete, Proceedings, Am. Soc. Testing Mats. V.28, Part II, 527
• Grosse CU and Reinhardt HW (1994) Continuous ultrasound measurements during setting and hardening of Concrete. Otto Graf Journal 5, 76-98
• Guang Ye, K.van Breugel, ALA. Fraaji (2001) Experimental study on ultrasonic pulse velocity evalution of microstructure at cementitius material at early age, Heron, V.46, No.3
• Hassan M, Burdet O, Favre R (1995) Ultrasonic measurements and static load tests in bridge evaluation, NDT&E International, 28 (6), 331-337
• Hellier C (2003) Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation: Blacklick, OH: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, USA
• Jones R (1953) Testing concrete by ultrasonic pulse technique, Proc. Highway Research Board. Vol.32, 258
• Jones R (1962) Non-destructive Testing of Concrete. London: Cambridge University Press, 1962
• Kaszanyı G (1989) The strength deformation and thermomechanic properties of crushed brick aggragate light-weight concrete, Technical University H-1521 Budapest http:/www.pp.bme.hu/ci/article/download/3917/3022
• Keating J, Hannant DJ, Hibbert AP (1989) Correlation between cube strength, ultrasonic, V.19, Issue 5, 715-726
• Kheder GF (1999) A two stage procedure for assessment of in situ concrete strength using combined non-destructive testing. Mater Struct, 32(6), 410-417
• Kolias S and Georgiou C (2005) The effect of paste volume and of water content on the strength and water absorption of concrete, Cement and Concrete composites, V.27, İssue 2, 211-216
• Kolluru G R, Zuk M and Chappell MA (2002) Reduced reproductive effort in male field crickets infested with parasitoid fly larvae. Behavioral Ecology 13: 607-614
• Komlos K, Popovics S, Niirnbergeroh T, Babd B and Popovics J S (1996) Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test of Concrete Properties as Specified in Various Standards. Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 18, 357-364
• Kurtulus C and Bozkurt A (2011) Determination of concrete compressive strength of the structures in Istanbul and Izmit Cities (Turkey) by combination of destructive and non-destructive methods, International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(16), 4044-4047
• Lin Y, Lai CP and Yen T (2003) Prediction of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) in Concrete. ACI Materials Journal 100 (1), 21–28
• Lin, Yiching, Kuo, Shin-Fang, Hsiao, Chiamen and Lai, Chao-Peng (2007) Investigation of pulse velocity-strength relationship of hardened concrete, ACI Materials Journal, Vol.104. No. 4, pp. 344-350
• Mac Gregor JG (1983) Load and resistance factors for concrete design, ACI Journal 84(4): 279-287
• Malhotra VM and Carino NJ (2004) Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete. Second edition: ASTM International, CRC Press LLC, USA
• Mamlouk MS and Zaniewski JP (2006) Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers, 2nd ed., New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall
• Metwally abd allah Abd elaty (2014). Compressive strength prediction of Portland cement concrete with age using a new model, HBRC Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2, 145–155
• Mirmiran A, Wei Y (2001). Damage assessment of FRP-encased concrete using ultrasonic pulse velocity. J. Eng. Mech., 127: 126-135
• Mohammed BS, Azmi NJ and Abdullahi M (2011) Evaluation of rubbercrete based on ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, pp. 1388–1397
• Naik TR, Malhotra VM and Popovics JS (2004) The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method,In: V.M. MALHOTRA and N.J. CARINO, Edited 2004, Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, Crc Press
• Neville AM (1996) Properties of Concrete (4th ed.). New York: J. Wiley
• Ohdaira E and Masuzawa N (2000) Water content and its effect on ultrasound propagation in concrete – the possibility of NDE, Ultrasonics, vol.38, 546–552, issues 1–8
• Ozer B, Ozkul MH (2004). The influence of initial water curing on the strength development of ordinary Portland and pozzolanic cement concretes. Cem. Concrete Res. 34(1):13-18.
• Panzera TH, Christoforo AL, Cota FP, Borges PHR and Bowen CR (2011) Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Evaluation of Cementitious Materials, Advances in Composite Materials - Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Materials, Dr. Pavla Tesinova (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-449-8, InTech
• Pessiki P S and Carino NJ (1988) Setting Time and Strength of Concrete Using the Impact-Echo Method, ACI Materials Journal, V. 85, No. 5, 389-399
• Philippidisa TP, Aggeleis DG (2003) An acousto-ultrasonic approach for the determination of water-to-cement ratio in concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 33, 525 – 538
• Popovics S, Rose LJ and Popovics J S (1990) The Behavior of Ultrasonic Pulses in Concrete, Cement and Concrete Reaserch, V. 20, No. 2, 259-270
• Ramezanianpour AA and VM Malhotra (1995) Effect of Curing on the Compressive Strength, Resistance to Chloride-Ion Penetration and Porosity of Concretes Incorporating Slag, Fly Ash or Silica Fume”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 17(2)
• Reinhardt HW and Grosse CU (1996) Setting and hardening of concrete continuously monitored by elastic waves. In Bartos, JPM, Marrs, DL, Cleland, DJ (eds.) Production methods and workability of concrete. Chapman & Hall, London, 415-425
• Reinhardt HW, Große CU, Herb AT (2000) Ultrasonic monitoring of setting and hardening of cement mortar – a new device. Materials and Structures, Vol. 33, pp. 580-583
• Rollet F, Mansell M, Cochran S (2008) Determining moisture content in concrete under simulated precipitation using ultrasonic propagation time measurements, Nondestructive Testing and evaluation, vol. 23, No. 4, 241–255
• Seong-Tae Yi, Jin-Keun Kimb, Tae-Keun Ohc (2003) Effect of strength and age on the stress–strain curves of concrete specimens, Cement and Concrete Research,V. 33, Issue 8, 1235–1244
• Shah S, and Patil A (2015) An experimental investigation of effect of variation of curing time on compressive strength of concrete, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 3, 151-154
• Subramaniam KV, Mohsen JP, Shaw CK and Shah SP (2002) Ultrasonic technique for monitoring concrete strength gain at early age, ACI Materials Journal, Vol.99. No. 5, 458-462
• Tavossi HM, Tittmann BR and Cohen-Tenoudji F (1999) Ultrasonic characterization of cement and concrete, Review of progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evolution, V./8 Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, 1943-1948
• Trtnik G, Kavcic F, Turk G (2009) Prediction of concrete strength using ultrasonic pulse velocity and artificial neural networks Ultrasonics Vol. 49, 53–60
• Uyanık O, Kaptan K, Gülay FG,Tezcan S (2011) Beton dayanımının tahribatsız ultrasonik yöntemle tayini,Yapı Dünyası 184, 55-58
• Van der Winden NGB (1990) Ultrasonic measurement for setting control of concrete. In Reinhardt, H.W. (ed.) Testing during concrete construction, Chapman & Hall, London, 122-137
• Voigt T, Sun, Zhihui and Shah, Surendra P (2006) Comparison of ultrasonic wave reflection method and maturity method in evaluating early-age compressive strength of mortar, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.28. No.4, 307-316
• Washa GW and Wendt KF (1975) Fifty-year properties of concrete,ACI Journal proceedins, 72(1). 20-28
• Washa GW and Wendt KF (1989) Concrete compressive strength variation with time. Oncrete technology, http://the constructor,org/concrete-compressive-strength-variation-with-time/5933/
• Ye G, Brugel KV and Fraaij ALA (2001) Experimental study on ultrasonic pulse velocity evaluation of the microstructure of cementitious material at early age. Heron, V. 46, No.3, ISSN 0046-7316
• Yılmaz T and Erçıkdı B (2015) Prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength of paste backfill by ultrasonic pulse velocity test, Türkiye 24. Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Sergisi, Antalya-Turkey