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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ei̇bd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1309-8659</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-4645</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Eğitim-Bir-Sen</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58689/eibd.1889075</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Mathematics Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Matematik Eğitimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Genelleme Yapma Düzeyleri ve Değişken Algılarının İncelenmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>An Investigation of Secondary School Students&#039; Levels of Generalisation and Variable Perceptions</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-1570</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Buran</surname>
                                    <given-names>Osman</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1600-8686</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Taş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Habip</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>FIRAT UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260403">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>03</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>17</volume>
                                        <issue>33</issue>
                                        <fpage>159</fpage>
                                        <lpage>184</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260214">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>14</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260327">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>27</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin değişken (harf) algılarını ve genelleme yapma becerilerini sınıf düzeylerine göre incelemektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması deseniyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2022–2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören toplam 192 ortaokul öğrencisi (6., 7. ve 8. sınıf) oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, açık uçlu dört sorudan oluşan bir başarı testi ve her sınıf düzeyinden seçilen altışar öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilen klinik görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Başarı testinden ve görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin harfleri çoğunlukla bilinmeyen veya yerine sayı yazılabilen semboller olarak algıladıklarını; sınıf düzeyi arttıkça harflere ilişkin çoklu değer anlayışının güçlendiğini göstermektedir. Genelleme yapma süreçlerinde, özellikle üst sınıf düzeylerinde örüntülerin genel kuralını oluşturabilen öğrenci sayısının arttığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte yedi ve sekizinci sınıfta olup genelleme becerisini kazanamayan öğrencilerin olması çalışmanın dikkat çeken sonuçlarından biridir. Çalışmada öğrencilerle yapılan klinik görüşmelerde başarı testine ilişkin cevapları açımlayan ve detaylandıran bulgulara da ulaşılmıştır. Görüşmelerde öğrencilerin cevaplarına ilişkin detaylı bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, cebirsel düşünmenin gelişimsel seyrine ilişkin önemli ipuçları sunmakta ve ilkokuldan itibaren yapılandırılan cebir öğretiminin önemini vurgulamaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The aim of this study is to examine secondary school pupils&#039; variable (letter) perceptions and generalisation skills according to their class levels. The research was conducted using a case study design, one of the qualitative research approaches. The study group consisted of a total of 192 secondary school students (6th, 7th, and 8th grades) enrolled in the 2022–2023 academic year. Data were collected through a performance test consisting of four open-ended questions and clinical interviews conducted with six students selected from each grade level. The data obtained from the achievement test and interviews were analysed using descriptive analysis methods. The findings show that students mostly perceive letters as symbols that are unknown or can be replaced by numbers; as the grade level increases, the understanding of multiple values associated with letters strengthens. In the process of generalisation, it was observed that the number of students who could form general rules for patterns increased, especially in the upper grades. However, one of the noteworthy findings of the study is that there were students in the seventh and eighth grades who did not acquire generalisation skills. The clinical interviews conducted with the students in the study also yielded findings that clarified and elaborated on their answers to the achievement test. Detailed findings regarding the students&#039; answers were obtained during the interviews. The results of the study provide important clues about the developmental course of algebraic thinking and the teaching of algebra, which is structured from primary school onwards.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Cebirsel ifadeler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Harf algısı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Genelleme becerisi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Algebraic expressions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Letter perception</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Generalisation skills</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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