Flaming and Burning as Thermal Weed Control Methods: A Review

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 52 - 63, 30.08.2017

Ali Bolat Ugur Sevılmıs Ali Bayat

Öz

An important part of global
pesticide consumption consists of herbicides. But, due to increasing pesticide
costs, concerns about pesticides’ risks on environment, increasing interest to
organic farming, increasing resistance of weeds to herbicides, scientists are
searching alternatives to herbicides. The most promising alternative methods
are thermal weed control methods. The emissions resulted from these alternative
methods don’t produce any environmental risk if operated appropriately. Common
thermal methods subjected to researches are flame, hot water, steam and
infrared heater. The concerns and problems regarding these thermal methods
consist of high fuel costs, variable effects depending on weed species, fire
risks and injuries on cultivated plant tissues. In this paper, we reviewed
international literature on flaming and burning thermal weed control methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Burn, burning, flame, flaming, weed + flame; weed + flaming; weed+ burn;weed + burning

Kaynakça

• Alexander, J. A., Fick, W. H., Lemmon, J., Gurule, C. A., Preedy, G. W., & Olson, K. C. 2016. Effects of Growing-Season Prescribed Burning on Vigor of the Noxious Weed Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) in the Kansas Flint Hills. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2(1), 14.
• Ascard, J. 1995. Effects of flame weeding on weed species at different developmental stages. Weed Research, 35(5), 397-411.
• Ascard, J. 1998a. Flame weeding: Effects of burner angle on weed control and temperature patterns. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica B—Plant Soil Sciences, 48(4), 248-254.
• Ascard, J. 1998b. Comparison of flaming and infrared radiation techniques for thermal weed control. Weed Research-Oxford, 38, 69-76.
• Avishek, D., Stepanovic, S., Neilson, B., Bruening, C., Gogos, G., & Knezevic, S. 2012.Effect of flaming and cultivation on weed control and yield in maize and soybean. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Robotics and Associated High-Technologies and Equipment For Agriculture. Applications of Automated Systems and Robotics for Crop Protection İn Sustainable Precision Agriculture,(RHEA-2012) Pisa, Italy-September 19-21, 2012 (pp. 61-66). University of Pisa.
• Balsari, P., Berruto, R., & Ferrero, A. 1993. Flame weed control in lettuce crop. In Symposium on Engineering as a Tool to reduce Pesticide Consumption and Operator Hazards in Horticulture 372 (pp. 213-222).
• Bower, D. S., Valentine, L. E., Grice, A. C., & Schwarzkopf, L. 2006. Reducing weed biomass by burning and grazing can adversely affect frogs, South Australia.
• Brunclík, p., & Lacko-Bartošová, M. 2001. Evaluation of weed species susceptibility to flaming. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 4(5).
• Cannon, M. D., & Hamilton, K. C. 1963. Use of Flaming, Berbicides in Cotton Weed Control. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona.
• Cisneros, J. J., & Zandstra, B. H. 2008. Flame weeding effects on several weed species. Weed Technology, 22(2), 290-295.
• Da Silva, M. R., Lucarelli, J. D. F., & Daniel, L. A. 2008. Flaming use to weed plants control on organic soil beans cultivation: carry out of a case. In Central theme, technology for all: sharing the knowledge for development. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, XXXVII Brazilian Congress of Agricultural Engineering, International Livestock Environment Symposium-ILES VIII, Iguassu Falls City, Brazil, 31st August to 4th September, 2008. International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR), Institut fur Landtechnik.
• Datta, A., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2013. Flaming as an alternative weed control method for conventional and organic agronomic crop production systems: a review. Advances in agronomy.
• Domingues, A. C., Ulloa, S. M., Datta, A., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2008. Weed response to broadcast flaming. RURALS: Review of Undergraduate Research in Agricultural and Life Sciences, 3(1), 2.
• Fereidonpoor, M., Shirvanian, A., Behaeen, M. A., & Hekmat, M. H. 2006. The investigation of flame cultivation for weed control on cotton field and comparison with conventional control methods.
• Hewitt, M., Bullen, K., & George, D. 1998. Comparison of three weed control methods: chemical, flame and hot water. In Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference" Agronomy-Growing a Greener Future". Australian Society of Agronomy, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga (pp. 607-608).
• Holekamp, E. R. 1954. Weed Control By Flame Cultivation. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona.
• Howenstine, J., Beckwith, T., McKinley, A., Schaumann, K., Warmbier, K., Notch, T., & Cisneros, E. 2012. Final Environmental Assessment Prescribed Burning for Weed Management on FE Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming. Booz-Allen And Hamılton Inc Mclean Va.
• Jeffery, L., & Henard, T. S. 1970. Effect of row-spacing and stubble burning on weed control in soybeans plasted fe wheat stubble. In Abstract Proceedings 25th North Central Weed Control Conference.
• Knezevic, S., Datta, A., Stepanovic, S., Bruening, C., Neilson, B., & Gogos, G. 2011. Weed control with flaming and cultivation in corn. Phytopathology, 101, 81-92.
• Knezevic, S. Z., Stepanovic, S., & Datta, A. 2014. Growth stage affects response of selected weed species to flaming. Weed technology, 28(1), 233-242.
• Knezevic, S. Z., Stepanovic, S., Datta, A., Nedeljkovic, D., & Tursun, N. 2013. Soybean yield and yield components as influenced by the single and repeated flaming. Crop protection, 50, 1-5.
• Leroux, G. D., Douhéret, J., & Lanouette, M. 2001. Flame weeding in corn. In Physical Control Methods in Plant Protection (pp. 47-60). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• Loghavi, M., & Loni, R. 2012. Comparison of Uniform and Targeted Discrete-Flame Weeding Methods for Inter-row Weed Control in Maize Planting. In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29-August 1, 2012 (p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Loni, R., Loghavi, M., & Jafari, A. 2014. Design, development and evaluation of targeted discrete-flame weeding for inter-row weed control using machine vision. American Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2(1), 17-30.
• Martelloni, L., Fontanelli, M., Frasconi, C., Raffaelli, M., & Peruzzi, A. 2016. Cross-flaming application for intra-row weed control in maize. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 32(5), 569-578.
• Mojžiš, M. 2002. Energetic requirements of flame weed control. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 48(3), 94-97.
• Narwal, S., Sindel, B. M., & Jessop, R. S. 2006. Tillage and residue burning affects weed populations and seed banks. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 71(3 Pt A), 715-723.
• Nemming, A. 1993. Costs of flame cultivation. In Symposium on Engineering as a Tool to reduce Pesticide Consumption and Operator Hazards in Horticulture 372 (pp. 205-212).
• Ostojić, Z. 2007. Weed control with a burning flame. Glasilo Biljne Zaštite, 7(1), 41-43.
• Parish, S. 1990. The flame treatment of weed seedlings under controlled conditions. The flame treatment of weed seedlings under controlled conditions., (45), 193-196.
• Peacock, J. F., Burnside, O. C., Lavy, T. L., Hanway, D. G., & Kittock, D. L. 1965. Flaming, intertillage, and chemical weed control in castorbeans. Weeds, 290-292.
• Peruzzi, A., Ginanni, M., Fontanelli, M., Raffaelli, M., & Barberi, P. 2007. Innovative strategies for on-farm weed management in organic carrot. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22(4), 246-259.
• Peruzzi, A., Lulli, L., Fontanelli, M., Frasconi, C., Ginanni, M., Raffaelli, M., & Sorelli, F. 2010. Innovative Strategies For Physical Weed Control On Hard Surfaces In Urban Area In Central Italy: Development Of New Flamıng Operative Machines.
• Petrović, B., & Đurić, S. 2011. Effect of weed flaming on the number of systemic groups of microorganisms in soil. In Smotre naučnih radova studenata poljoprivrede i veterinarske medicine sa međunarodnim učešćem= Conference of Agricultural Students and Veterinary Medicine with International Participation, 35, Novi Sad (Serbia), 18 Nov 2011. Poljoprivredni fakultet.
• Pülschln, L., & Koch, W. 1990. The significance of soil burning (“Guie”) in Ethiopia with special regard to its effects on the agrestal weed flora. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 164(4), 254-261.
• Raffaelli, M., Filippi, F., Peruzzi, A., & Graifenberg, A. 2004. Flaming for intra-row weed control in Globe Artichoke. In Proceedings of 6 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control.
• Raffaelli, M., Martelloni, L., Frasconi, C., Fontanelli, M., & Peruzzi, A. 2013. Development of machines for flaming weed control on hard surfaces. Applied engineering in agriculture, 29(5), 663-673.
• Rahkonen, J., Pietikäinen, J., & Jokela, H. 1999. The effects of flame weeding on soil microbial biomass. Biological agriculture & horticulture, 16(4), 363-368.
• Rasmussen, J. 2003. Punch planting, flame weeding and stale seedbed for weed control in row crops. Weed Research, 43(6), 393-403.
• Rifai, M. N., Astatkie, T., Lacko-Bartosova, M., & Gadus, J. 2002. Effect of two different thermal units and three types of mulch on weeds in apple orchards. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 1(5), 331-338.
• Rifai, M. N., Zikla, T., & Mojzis, M. 1996. Flame and mechanical cultivation for weed control. Zemedelska Technika-UZPI (Czech Republic).
• Rifai, N., Lacko-Bartošová, M., & Somr, R. 1999. Weed control by flaming and hot steam in apple orchards. Plant Protection Science, 35(4), 147-152.
• Saglam, C., & Kiran, T. 2010. Comparison of Flame Weeding With Other Methods in Vineyard Weed Control. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 6(3).
• Shimi, P., & Faghih, A. 2004. Investigating efficacy of flaming compared to common methods of weed control in seeded onion fıelds. Sivesind, E. C., Leblanc, M. L., Cloutier, D. C., Seguin, P., & Stewart, K. A. 2009. Weed response to flame weeding at different developmental stages. Weed technology, 23(3), 438-443.
• Stepanovic, S., Datta, A., Neilson, B., Bruening, C., Shapiro, C., Gogos, G., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2016. The effectiveness of flame weeding and cultivation on weed control, yield and yield components of organic soybean as influenced by manure application. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 31(4), 288-299.
• Storeheier, K. J. 1993. Basic investigations into flaming for weed control. In Symposium on Engineering as a Tool to reduce Pesticide Consumption and Operator Hazards in Horticulture 372 (pp. 195-204).
• Thaddeus, R. 2001. Winter annual weed and early spring insect control using propane flaming in dormant alfalfa. Ulloa, S. M., Datta, A., Bruening, C., Gogos, G., Arkebauer, T. J., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2012. Weed control and crop tolerance to propane flaming as influenced by the time of day. Crop protection, 31(1), 1-7.
• Ulloa, S. M., Datta, A., Bruening, C., Neilson, B., Miller, J., Gogos, G., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2011a. Maize response to broadcast flaming at different growth stages: effects on growth, yield and yield components. European journal of agronomy, 34(1), 10-19.
• Ulloa, S. M., Datta, A., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2010b. Tolerance of selected weed species to broadcast flaming at different growth stages. Crop protection, 29(12), 1381-1388.
• Ulloa, S. M., Datta, A., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2011b. Growth stage influenced sorghum response to broadcast flaming: Effects on yield and its components. Agronomy journal, 103(1), 7-12.
• Ulloa, S. M., Datta, A., Malidza, G., Leskovsek, R., & Knezevic, S. Z. 2010a. Timing and propane dose of broadcast flaming to control weed population influenced yield of sweet maize (Zea mays L. var. rugosa). Field crops research, 118(3), 282-288.
• Vanhala, P., Kurstjens, D., Ascard, J., Bertram, A., Cloutier, D. C., Mead, A., ... & Rasmussen, J. 2004. Guidelines for physical weed control research: flame weeding, weed harrowing and intra-row cultivation. In Proceedings 6th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control, 194-225 (pp. 194-225).
• Walsh, M., & Newman, P. 2007. Burning narrow windrows for weed seed destruction. Field Crops Research, 104(1), 24-30.
• White, S. N., & Boyd, N. S. 2016. Effect of dry heat, direct flame, and straw burning on seed germination of weed species found in lowbush blueberry fields. Weed Technology, 30(1), 263-270.
• Whitney, J. D., Phillips, R. L., & Tucker, D. P. H. 1970. A Comparison of Herbicide, Mechanical Tree Hoe, and Flaming Treatments in a 2-Year Weed Control Experiment. In Proceedings Florida State Horticultural Society (Vol. 83).