Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in South Sudan

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 29 - 36, 30.06.2023

Musa Kose Kuyu Kongas

Öz

South Sudan, one of the least developed nations, is vulnerable to the socioeconomic losses and damages brought on by climate change since its people depend on climatically sensitive natural resources for their subsistence. Promoting the gathering and storage of water for various uses is a top concern given the country's recurrent droughts. Water availability may be directly impacted by poor water quality. The goal of this research article is to examine how climate change has affected water resources in order to help South Sudan's future use of water resources. The findings of this work will also be crucial for studies on the Nile River. In South Sudan, both the amount and quality of water have decreased during the previous two decades. This review article also demonstrates how droughts are becoming more frequent and rivers and streams are getting smaller as a result of climate change. Water flow has become seasonal in a number of formerly permanent rivers. Due to poor infrastructure, a number of developmental obstacles brought on by the protracted civil war, and the fact that 95% of the population depends on climate-sensitive natural resources, particularly rain-fed subsistence agriculture and total reliance on forests as a source of energy and other environmental goods and services, South Sudan is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

South Sudan, climate change, water resources, water quality

Kaynakça

• Abbaspour K. C., Faramarzi M., Ghasemi S. S, & Yang H. 2009. Assessing the impact of climate change on water resources in Iran. Water resources research, 45(10).
• Albut S., Bağdatlı M. C. & Dumanlı Ö. 2018. Remote Sensing Determination of Variation in Adjacent Agricultural Fields in the Ergene River. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5(1), 113-122. Bağdatlı M. C. & Arıkan E. N. 2020. Evaluation of maximum and total open surface evaporation by using trend analysis method in Nigde province of Turkey.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan O. 2019. Evaluation of the number of rainy days observed for long years due to global climate change in Nevşehir/Turkey. Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, 11, 9-11.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan O. 2020. Trend Analysis of Precipitation Datas Observed for Many Years (1970-2019) in Niğde Center and Ulukisla District of Turkey.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Ballı Y. 2019. Evaluation with Trend Analysis of the Open Surface Evaporation in Observed for Many Years: The Case Study in Nevsehir Province of Turkey. Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, 11, 15-23.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Ballı Y. 2020. The analysis of soil temperatures in different depths using spearman’s rho and mann-kendall correlation tests: the case study of Nigde center in Turkey.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Belliturk K. 2016. Water resources have been threatened in Thrace region of Turkey. Adv Plants Agric Res, 4(1), 227-228.
• Bağdatli M. C. & Can E. 2019. Analysis of Precipitation Datas by Mann Kendall and Sperman's Rho Rank Correlation Statistical Approaches in Nevsehir Province of Turkey. Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal,(11), 24, 31.
• Bağdatli M. C. & Can E. 2020. Temperature Changes of Niğde Province in Turkey: Trend analysis of 50 years data. International Journal of Ecology and Development Research (IJEDR) 6(2): 62-71.
• Bağdatlı M. C., Bellitürk K. & Jabbari A. 2015. Possible effects on soil and water resources observed in Nevşehir Province in long annual temperature and rainfall changing. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 3(2), 19-27.
• Bagdatlı M. C., Uçak İ. & Elsheikh W. 2023. Impact of global warming on aquaculture in Norway. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 10(3), 13–25.
• Bastiaanssen W. G., Karimi P., Rebelo L. M., Duan Z., Senay G., Muthuwatte L. &Smakhtin V. 2014. Earth observation based assessment of the water production and water consumption of Nile Basin agro-ecosystems. Remote Sensing, 6(11), 10306-10334.
• Bellitürk K. & Bağdatlı M.C. 2016. Turkish Agricultural Soils and Population. Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, 1(2), 27-28.
• Elsheikh W., Ilknur U., Bağdatlı M.C. & Mofid A. 2022a. Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production: A Case Study Khartoum State, Sudan. J Agri Res 2022, 7(3): 000299.
• Elsheikh W. 2021. Effects of Climate Change on Aquaculture Production. Eurasian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(2), 167-173.
• Elsheikh W., Uçak İ. & Bağdatlı M.C. 2022b. The Assessment of Global Warming on Fish Production in Red Sea Region of Sudan. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2): 110-119.
• FAO, 2016. South Sudan. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved July 27, 2017, from http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/wrs/readPdf.html?f=SSD-WRS-eng.pdf Fernando N. & Garvey W. 2013. Republic of South Sudan: The Rapid Water Sector Needs Assessment and a Way Forward.
• IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2007. Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.
• Jubek D. S. K., Bin X. & Loro E. L. L. 2019. Impact of climate change on water in south Sudan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 9(1), 8516.
• Levi D., Brekke, J. E. K., J. Rolf Olsen, Roger S. Pulwarty, David A. Raff, D. Phil Turnipseed, Robert S. Webb. & Kathleen D. White, 2009. Climate Change and Water Resources Management. Science for changing world.
• Meier M. F., Dyurgerov M. B., Rick U. K., O'neel S., Pfeffer W. T., Anderson R.S.... & Glazovsky A. F. 2007. Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century. Science, 317(5841), 1064-1067.
• MOE 2015. Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Juba: Ministry of Environment (MOE), Republic of South Sudan. Retrieved March 4, 2023, from https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ss/ss-nr-05-en.pdf
• MWRI 2007. Water Policy. Juba: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), Government of South Sudan. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
• MWRI 2016. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) Sector Strategic Framework. Juba: Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation (MWRI), Republic of South Sudan (RSS). Retrieved March 4, 2023, from https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ssd181677.pdf
• Nasreldin M. & Elsheikh W. 2022. Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Sudan. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2), 83-90.
• Santer B. D., Thorne P. W., Haimberger L., Taylor K. E., Wigley T. M. L., Lanzante J. R... & Wentz F. J. 2008. Consistency of modelled and observed temperature trends in the tropical troposphere. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 28(13), 1703-1722.
• Trenberth K.E., Jones P. D., Ambenje P., Bojariu R., Easterling D., Klein Tank A.,... & Zhai P. 2007. Observations. Surface and atmospheric climate change. Chapter 3.
• UNEP 2020. Sudan First State of Environment and Outlook Report 2020 Environment for Peace and Sustainable Development, UN Environment Programme (UNEP).
• Wada Y. & Bierkens M. F. 2014. Sustainability of global water use: past reconstruction and future projections. Environmental Research Letters, 9(10), 104003.