Tip 1 ve Tip 2 Diyabetli Kadınlarda Yeni Ortaya Çıkan Biyokimyasal Belirteçler Olarak Niasin Eksikliği ve Hormonal Dengesizlik

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, özellikle Tip 2 Diyabet (T2DM), genç yetişkinler arasında giderek daha yaygın hale gelmekte olup metabolik sendrom ve endokrin disfonksiyonla ilişkilidir. Lipid ve enerji metabolizması için hayati öneme sahip bir besin öğesi olan niasin (B3 vitamini), diyabetik komplikasyonların tanısında potansiyel bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışma, Tip 1 (T1DM) ve Tip 2 diyabetli kadınlar ile diyabetik olmayan kontrol grupları arasında niasin düzeylerini, steroid hormon profillerini ve hematolojik belirteçleri karşılaştırmıştır. Çalışmaya yaşları ≥20 olan toplam 180 kadın dahil edilmiş ve katılımcılar eşit şekilde T1DM, T2DM ve kontrol gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Kan örnekleri alınarak niasin, östradiol (E2), folikül uyarıcı hormon (FSH), luteinize edici hormon (LH), kırmızı kan hücreleri (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) ve glikozile hemoglobin (HbA1C) düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. İstatistiksel analizler ortalama karşılaştırması ve Pearson korelasyon testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki diyabet grubunda da kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha düşük niasin düzeyleri (T1DM: 2,50 µg/L; T2DM: 2,61 µg/L; kontrol: 3,75 µg/L) gözlemlenmiştir. Diyabetli kadınlarda artmış E2 ve azalmış FSH ile LH düzeyleri saptanmış, bu durum endokrin bozulmayı işaret etmiştir. Ayrıca, RBC ve Hb düzeyleri de diyabetli gruplarda daha düşük (T1DM: 10,85 g/dL; T2DM: 11,70 g/dL; kontrol: 14,32 g/dL) bulunmuş, HbA1C düzeylerinde ise artış (T1DM: %6,76; T2DM: %5,83; kontrol: %5,25) saptanmıştır. Diyabetik durumla RBC, Hb, FSH, LH ve niasin için anlamlı negatif korelasyonlar; E2 ve HbA1C için ise pozitif korelasyonlar belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, kadınlarda diyabetin, niasin eksikliği, hematopoez bozukluğu ve hormonal düzensizlik gibi sistemik biyokimyasal anormalliklerle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, kadın diyabet hastalarının tedavisinde metabolik, beslenme ve hormonal faktörleri birlikte dikkate alan bütüncül yaklaşımların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Diyabetes Mellitus
• Niasin
• Steroid Hormonlar
• Kadınlar
• Hemoglobin
• HbA1C

Niacin deficiency and hormonal imbalance as emerging biochemical markers in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 (T2DM), is increasingly common among young adults and is associated with metabolic syndrome and endocrine dysfunction. Niacin (vitamin B3), essential for lipid and energy metabolism, may serve as a diagnostic marker for diabetic complications. This study compared niacin levels, steroid hormone profiles, and hematological markers in women with Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes versus non-diabetic controls. A total of 180 women aged ≥20 were evenly divided into T1DM, T2DM, and control groups. Blood samples were collected to measure niacin, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Statistical analysis included mean comparison and Pearson correlation. Both diabetic groups exhibited significantly lower niacin levels (T1DM: 2.50 µg/L; T2DM: 2.61 µg/L) compared to controls (3.75 µg/L). Elevated E2 and reduced FSH and LH levels were observed in diabetic women, suggesting endocrine disruption. Additionally, RBC and Hb levels were lower (T1DM: 10.85 g/dL; T2DM: 11.70 g/dL) compared to controls (14.32 g/dL), while HbA1C was higher (T1DM: 6.76%; T2DM: 5.83%; controls: 5.25%). Significant negative correlations were found for RBC, Hb, FSH, LH, and niacin, while positive correlations were found for E2 and HbA1C with diabetic status. These results indicate that diabetes in women is associated with systemic biochemical anomalies, including niacin deficiency, impaired hematopoiesis, and hormonal dysregulation. The findings emphasize the importance of holistic treatment approaches considering metabolic, nutritional, and hormonal factors in female diabetes patients.

Keywords

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Niacin
• Steroid Hormones
• Women
• Hemoglobin
• HbA1C

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