SPECIES DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES OF CORBETT TIGER RESERVE, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Yıl 2016, , 8 - 17, 25.11.2016

Zaara Kidwai Manoj Matwal Shivam Shrotriya Farhat Masood Zalmai Moheb Nasim Ahmad Ansari Krishnaveer Singh Ujjwal Kumar

https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.283537

Cited By: 1

Öz

Vegetation classification for any area involves analysis of trees, shrubs and ground cover. These strata are the primary features to characterize the vegetation. Species density and diversity depends on several topographic and climatic variations. Patterns of species density, richness and diversity of different vegetation types were analyzed in Bijrani, Serpdulli and Dhikala ranges of Corbett national Park, Uttarakhand, India from 24^th March to 4^th April, 2008. The aim of the study was to determine the vegetation composition in all three forest types of Corbett National park along with estimating respective diversity and richness values of major plant species. A total of 50 circular plots of 10 m radius each were randomly laid down in Teak Plantation, Mixed Forest and Sal Forest respectively covering a total area of 15700 m² in each habitat. Similarly, 50 circular plots of 5 m radius and 50 circular plots of 1m radius were sampled from the same vantage points for estimating shrub and grass cover.  Shannon Weiner index (H’) and Margelef‘s index (R₁) were used for calculating species diversity and species richness respectively. Important value index was calculated for the tree species to find out the dominant species in the sampled habitat types. The observed mean tree density (350.32 ±2.12/ha) in teak plantation was found to be highest followed by sal (256.05±8.11/ha) and mixed forest (218.48±3.14/ha). However, mean shrub density was recorded to be highest in mixed forest (487±23.2/ha). Regeneration rate of the trees could not be estimated due to managed forest fire performed during that time. It is recommended to conduct a long term study in the forest of Corbett national Park to better understand the species diversity and effect of increased disturbance on it (if any) in that region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Density, dominance, importance value index, species richness, vegetation

SPECIES DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES OF CORBETT TIGER RESERVE, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Öz

Bir yere ait bitki örtüsü analizi, ağaç, çalı ve toprak seviyesindeki bitkileri içerir. Bu bitki tabakaları, bitki örtüsünü oluşturan birincil niteliklerdir. Tür yoğunluğu ve çeşitliliği muhtelif yeryüzü şekli ve iklim değişkenlerine bağlıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Uttarakhand – Hindistan’da yer alan Corbett Kaplan Rezervi Bijrani, Serpdulli ve Dhikala bölgelerindeki bitki örtüleri 24 Mart – 4 Nisan 2008 yılları arasında analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu üç orman tiplerindeki vejetasyon analizlerini yapmayı ve hâkim ağaç türlerine ait tür çeşitliliği ve zenginliğini ortaya koymayı hedeflemiştir. Bu maksatla Tik ağaçlandırma alanı, karışık orman ve Sal ormanı alanlarında toplamda 15700 m2’lik bir alana karşılık gelen 10 m çapında 50 dairesel deneme alanı alınmıştır. Benzer şekilde aynı alanlarda, çalı ve otsu türlere ait tabakaları incelemek maksadıyla sırasıyla 5 m çapında ve 1 m çapında 50’şer örnek alan alınmıştır. Tür çeşitliliği ve tür zenginliğini tespit etmek maksadıyla sırasıyla Shannon Weiner İndeksi (H’) ve Margelef İndeksi (R1) kullanılmıştır. Orman tiplerindeki hâkim ağaç türünü belirlemek için önem değeri indeksi kullanılmıştır. En yüksek ortalama ağaç yoğunluğu Tik ağaçlandırma alanında (350.32 ±2.12/ha), daha sonra Sal (256.05±8.11/ha) ve karışık orman alanında (218.48±3.14/ha) tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte en yüksek çalı yoğunluğunun karışık orman alanında (487±23.2/ha) olduğu bulunmuştur. Alanlarda kontrollü yangınlar düzenlendiği için gençleşme oranları belirlenememiştir. Corbett Kaplan Rezervinde uzun dönemli araştırmaların yapılması ile tür çeşitliliği ve muhtemel şiddetli orman zararlarının etkilerinin anlaşılması mümkün olabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yoğunluk, hâkim tür, önem değer indeksi, tür zenginliği, bitki örtüsü

Kaynakça

• Badola, R., Hussain, S. A., Mishra, B. K., Konthoujam, B., Thapliyal, S., and Dhakate, P. M., (2010). An assessment of ecosystem services of Corbett Tiger Reserve, India. Environmentalist 30(4), 320-329.
• Babu, S., Love, A., and Babu, C.R. (2009). Ecological Restoration of Lantana-Invaded Landscapes in Corbett Tiger Reserve, India. Ecological Restoration 27(4), 467-477
• Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K., (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. Manager of publications, Govt., of India Press, New Delhi. pp. 404.
• Cummings, J. and Smith, D., (2000). The line-intercept method: A tool for introductory plant ecology laboratories, 22, 234-246.
• Curtis, J.T., (1959). The vegetation of Wisconsin. In: An Ordination of Plant Communities, Wisconsin Press, Madison.
• Dawson, T. E. (1993). Woodland water balances. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 120–121.
• De, A., (2007). Patterns of plant species diversity in the forest corridor of Rajaji–Corbett National Parks, Uttaranchal, India. Current Science 92(1), 90-93.
• Dhakate, P. M., Patil, T. A., and Bhartari, R., (2008). Wetland Birds of Corbett Tiger Reserve Landscape. Proceedings of Taal 2007; The 12th World Lake Conference: 1974 – 1982
• Gower, S.T., Vogt, K.A. and Grier, C.C., (1992). Carbon dynamics of rocky mountain Douglas – fir: Influence of water & nutrient availability. Ecological Monographs, 62(1), 43-65.
• Jhala, Y.V., Gopal, R., and Qureshi, Q., (2008). Status of tigers, co-predators & prey in India. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India & the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun.
• Kidwai, Z., (2013). Vegetation structure & composition in core area of Sariska National Park, Rajasthan. Indian Forester, 139 (7), 636-644.
• Kidwai, Z., Matwal, M., Kumar, U., Shrotriya, S., Masood, F., Moheb, Z., Ansari, N.A. and Singh, K., (2013). Comparative study of bird community structure & function in two different forest types of Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand, India. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 2(2), 157–163.
• Ludwig, J. B and Reynolds, J. F., (1988). Statistical Ecology: A primer on methods & computing. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
• Sahu, P.K., Sagar, R., and Singh, J.S., (2008). Tropical forest structure & diversity in relation to altitude & disturbance in a Biosphere reserve in Central India. Applied Vegetation Science, 11, 461-470.
• Saxena, A.K. and Singh, J.S., (1982). A phytosociological analysis of forest communities of part of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation 50, 3-22.