Stream-crossing Approaches on Forest Roads Networks: A Critical Review on Practices in Türkiye

Year 2021, , 92 - 97, 31.12.2021

Selçuk Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1036104

Abstract

Appropriate planning and construction of the stream-crossing structures projecting is very important in forest road networks in order to use the roads throughout the planned lifetime and ensure their desired services. Crossing structures in Turkish forestry are planned according to the cross-sectional area value calculated with the Talbot formula which is the general approach to the issue. However, localized precipitation values are not used in the Talbot formula; therefore, significant damages may occur in flood flows due to structural sizing errors. The aim of this study is to suggest a strategy that can be used in Turkish forestry in planning stream-crossing structures.

Keywords

Forest roads, stream-crossing, flood flow, discharge, road structures

References

• Abdulkareem, J.H., Pradhan, B., Sulaiman, W.N.A., Jamil, N.R., 2018. Quantification of runoff as influenced by morphometric characteristics in a rural complex catchment. Earth Systems and Environment, 2(1):145-162.
• Ahmed, A.O.M., Alarabi, E., 2011. Development formulation for structural design of concrete box culverts. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 16(2):48–55.
• Aust, W.M., Visser, R., Gallagher, T., Roberts, T., Poirot, M., 2003. Cost of six different stream crossing options in the Appalachian area. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 27(1):66-70.
• Azamathulla, H.M.D., Ghani, A.A., 2011. ANFIS-based approach for predicting the scour depth at culvert outlets. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 2(1):35–40.
• Barnard, R.J., Yokers, S., Nagygyor, A., Quinn, T., 2015. An evaluation of the stream simulation culvert design method in Washington State. River Research and Applications, 31(10):1376-1387.
• Bayoğlu, S., Hasdemir, M., 1991. Orman yollarında tesis edilen küçük hidrolik sanat yapılarının seçimi ve boyutlandırılması. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 41(3-4):17-38. (In Turkish)
• Bulygina, N., McIntyre, N., Wheater, H., 2013. A comparison of rainfall-runoff modelling approaches for estimating impacts of rural land management on flood flows. Hydrology Research, 44(3):467-483.
• Çalışkan, U., 2007. Highways drainage systems hydrolic design principles, Thesis (M.Sc.), İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul.
• Charbeneau, R.J., Henderson, A.D., Sherman, L.C., 2006. Hydraulic performance curves for highway culverts. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(5): 474–481.
• Chen B.G., Zheng, J.J., Han, J., 2010. Experimental study and numerical simulation on concrete box culverts in trenches. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 24(3):223–234.
• Chow, V.T., 1962. Hydrologic determination of waterway areas for the design of drainage structures in small drainage basins. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, College of Engineering. Engineering Experiment Station, Illinois.
• Christiansen, C., Filer, A., Landi, M., O’Shaughnessy, E., Palmer, M., Schwartz, T., 2014. Cost-benefit analysis of stream-simulation culverts.http://www. lafollette.wisc.edu/images/publications/cba/2014-culvert.pdf (Accessed: 7 November 2021).
• Conesa-García, C., García-Lorenzo, R., 2013. Evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams. Hydrological Processes 27(12):1781-1796.
• DHI Software. MIKE SHE — Usermanual. Hørsholm, Denmark: DHI Water & Environment; 2008. 372 p.
• Gillespie, N., Unthank, A., Campbell, L., Anderson, P., Gubernick, R., Weinhold, M., Kirn, R., 2014. Flood effects on road–stream crossing infrastructure: economic and ecological benefits of stream simulation designs. Fisheries, 39(2):62-76.
• Gubernick, B., Clarkin, K., Furniss, M.J., 2003. Design and construction of aquatic organism passage at road-stream crossings: site assessment and geomorphic considerations in stream simulation culvert design. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j1907n1 (Accessed: 7 November 2021).
• Haderlie, G.M., Tullis, B.P., 2008. Hydraulics of multibarrel culverts under inlet control. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 134(4):507–514.
• Harris, R., Gerstein, J., Cafferata, P., 2008. Changes in stream channel morphology caused by replacing road-stream crossings on timber harvesting plans in northwestern California. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 23(2):69-77.
• Kalantari, Z., Briel, A., Lyon, S. W., Olofsson, B., Folkeson, L., 2014. On the utilization of hydrological modelling for road drainage design under climate and land use change. Science of the Total Environment, 475:97-103.
• Kristensen, K.J., Jensen SE., 1975. A model for estimating actual evapotranspiration from potential transpiration. Nord Hydrol, 6:70–88.
• Lagadec, L.R., Patrice, P., Braud, I., Chazelle, B., Moulin, L., Dehotin, J., Hauchard, H., Breil, P., 2016. Description and evaluation of a surface runoff susceptibility mapping method. Journal of Hydrology, 541:495-509.
• Levine, J., 2013. An economic analysis of improved road-stream crossings. The Natural Conservancy, Adirondack Chapter, Keene Valley, NY. 71 p.
• Nasiri, M., Askari, B., 2020. Improving drainage conditions of forest roads using the GIS and forest road simulator. Journal of Forest Science, 66(9): 361-367.
• Netcad, Nethydro https://www.netcad.com/tr/urunler/nethydro#incele (Accessed: 10 October 2021)
• Olson, J.C., Marcarelli, A.M., Timm, A.L., Eggert, S.L., Kolka, R.K., 2017. Evaluating the effects of culvert designs on ecosystem processes in northern Wisconsin streams. River Research and Applications, 33(5):777-787.
• Öztürk, T., Hasdemir M., 2021. Orman yolu sanat yapıları, Gece Publising, Ankara. 117 p. (In Turkish)
• Putty, M.R.Y., Darshan, R., Kumar, N., Resmy, K., Javeed, Y., Pandu, N., 2021. Soil Properties Influencing the Hydrology of Western Ghats: A Case Study in Karnataka. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India), 102(4):1161-1167.
• Roy, S., Sahu, A.S., 2018. Road-stream crossing an in-stream intervention to alter channel morphology of headwater streams: case study. International Journal of River Basin Management, 16(1):1-19.
• Segond, M.L., Wheater, H.S., Onof, C., 2007. The significance of spatial rainfall representation for flood runoff estimation: A numerical evaluation based on the Lee catchment, UK. Journal of Hydrology, 347(1-2):116-131.
• Sezen, H, Yeau, K.Y, Fox, P.J., 2008. In-situ load testing of corrugated steel pipe-arch culverts. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 22(4):245–252.
• Sicking, D.L., Faller, R.K., Lechtenberg, K.A., 2011. Evaluating the costeffectiveness of roadside culvert treatments. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 137(12):918–925.
• Singley. B.C., Hotchkiss, R.H., 2010. Differences between open-channel and culvert hydraulics: implications for design. In: World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010, ASCE Conf. Proc. 371: 137.
• Tolland, L., Cathcart, J.G., Russell, S.D., 1998. Estimating the Q100 in British Columbia: A practical problem in forest hydrology. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(4): 787-794.
• Toptaş, T.E., Gökçeoğlu, C., 2015. Taşkın ve heyelan duyarlılığının Netcad NetHydro ve Analist ile modellenmesine bir örnek: Akcaabat (Trabzon), TUFUAB VIII. Technical Symposium, 23 May, Konya. https://www.tufuab.org.tr/images/dergi/makaleler/7836009139c4eb3.pdf (Accessed: 21 November 2021) (In Turkish)
• Tullis, B.P., Anderson, D.S., Robinson, S.C., 2008. Entrance loss coefficients and inlet control head–discharge relationships for buried-invert culverts. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 134(6):831–839.
• Tullis, B.P., Robinson, S.C., 2008. Quantifying culvert exit loss. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 134(2):263–266. Vesuviano, G., Stewart, E., Young, A. R., 2020. Estimating design flood runoff volume. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 13:e12642.