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Evaluation of logging operations in terms of sustainable forest management

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 78 - 84, 31.12.2017

Öz

Today, the importance given to the sustainability of the existence of
forests and using from forests has increased. This brings to the forefront that
forestry activities should be carried out in accordance with sustainable forest
management (SFM) criteria. Sustainable forest management criteria and
indicators determined in Near East and Helsinki processes have been assessed by
the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) and 6 criteria and 28 indicators have
been put forward for Turkey. The forest ecosystem is influenced by every
factors originating from nature or human. Forestry activity which has the
largest share in terms of production of goods in forests is the logging
activity that requires periodical intervention to forests in every year. The logging
activities have economic functions in terms of meeting the wood needs of the
country, ecological functions in terms of some of the services offered and
social functions in terms of being realized by forest villagers or near forest
villages. Sustainable forest management has briefly been defined that the
environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable
management of forests for present and future generations. This study includes
assessment of wood logging activities according to sustainable forest
management criteria and indicators.

Kaynakça

  • Abdi, Acar, H.H., Eroglu, H., Ozkaya, M.S., 2003. A study on the possibilities of extraction of the thin woods by the log-line system in mountainous forests. FM Project 2003A/050090, Trabzon-Turkey.
  • Acar, H.H., Unver, S., 2005. Work production of extracting of small size woods by polyethylene chute system: its application in the Giresun region. Gazi University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 5(2): 154-163.
  • Acar, H.H., Unver, S., 2012. Working efficiency during the controlled sliding of logs in the polyethylene chute by tractor power. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 13: 97-102.
  • Acar, H.H., Unver-Okan, S., Ucuncu, K., 2015. Assessment on uphill yarding with the combination of log chute and portable winch. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 1: 34-40.
  • Akay, A.E., Sert, M., Gulci, N., 2014. Evaluating productivity of mobile winch system used in logging operation on gentle ground slope. II. National Mediterranean Forest and Environmental Symposium. 22-24 October, Isparta-Turkey, pp. 281-290.
  • Akyol, A., 2004. Sustainable Forest Resources Management Policies, Indicators and Applications in Turkey. Master Thesis, SDU Institute of Science and Technology, 130p., Isparta-Turkey.
  • Akyol, A., Tolunay, A., 2014. Modelling of sustainable forest management criteria and indicators for Turkey. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 15: 21-32.
  • Badraghi, N., 2013. Productivity, cost and environmental damage of four logging methods in forestry of northern Iran. Doctorate Thesis, Dresden University Faculty of Environmental Sciences, 77p., Iran.
  • Block, R., Van Rees, K.C.J., Pennock, D.J., 2002. Quantifying harvesting impacts using soil compaction and disturbance regimes at a landscape Scale. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Journal, 66: 1669-1676.
  • Castaneda, F., 2000. Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management: international processes, current status and the way ahead. FAO, Rome. Unasylva No. 203.
  • Cavdar, B., 2012. The evaluation of Artvin forestry enterprise in certification process. Master Thesis, ACU Institute of Science and Technology, 99p., Artvin-Turkey.
  • Colak, A.H., 2000. Head and crown principles in forestry: continuity principle. Technical Bulletin, 1(2):1-7, Ankara-Turkey.
  • Collier, K.J., Bowman, E.J., 2003. Role of wood in pumice-bed streams I: impacts of post-harvest management on water quality, habitat and benthic invertebrates. Forest Ecology and Management 177: 243-259.
  • Dolarslan, E.S., 2003. Forestry strategy implemented in European Union and suggestions for Turkey. Master Thesis, Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 100p., Ankara-Turkey.
  • Durusoy, I., 2012. Defining sustainable forest management criteria for Turkish forestry. Duzce University Journal of Forestry, 8(1): 41-49.
  • FAO, 2001. Key issues in the forest sector today. State of The World’s Forest, Part 1, Rome, Italy.
  • GDF, 2007. General Directorate of Forestry, Sustainable forest management criteria and indicators 2006 annual report. http://www.ogm.gov.tr/guncel.htm (Accessed: 03.09.2017).
  • GDF, 2009a. General Directorate of Forestry, Sustainable Forest management criteria and indicators 2008 annual report. T.C. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2009b. General Directorate of Forestry, Strategic Plan 2010-2014. Directorate of Strategy Development Department, Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2013. General Directorate of Forestry, Production marketing activities in forest management. Department of Management and Marketing. 83p., Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2014. General Directorate of Forestry, Annual activity report in 2013. Directorate of Strategy Development. 71p. Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2016. General Directorate of Forestry, Production and marketing activities of wood based forest products. Department of Management and Marketing. 80p. Ankara-Turkey.
  • Gulci, N., Akay, A.E., Erdas, O., Acar, H.H., Wing, M.G., 2016. Controlled sliding of logs downhill by chute system integrated with portable winch and synthetic rope. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 66(1): 256-263.
  • Gumus S., Hatay T.Y., 2017. A cost-effectiveness approach for configuration of feasible skyline yarder for specific forest regions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26: 4656-4662.
  • Gurtan, H., 1975. A Research on the determination of loses during harvesting and extracting activities on the steep forests and rationalization of these activities. TUBITAK Publication TOVAG Sery No 38, 250p. Ankara-Turkey.
  • Kluender, R., Lortz, D., McCoy, W., Stokes, B., Klepac, J., 1998. Removal intensity and tree size effects on harvesting costs and profitability. Forest Product Journal, 48: 54-59.
  • Nugent, C., Kanali, C., Owende, P.M.O., Nieuwenhuis, M., Ward, S., 2003. Characteristic site disturbance due to harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils. Forest Ecology Management, 180: 85-98.
  • Ok, K., 2008. Sectoral policy integration of sustainable development: forestry. http://web.ogm.gov.tr/diger/ mena/Dokumanlar/RAPOR/Ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20Sektorel%20Politikalar%20ve%20sureklilik%20nihai%20raporu%201-118.pdf. (Accessed: 22.11.2017)
  • Ozcan, M., 2008. Forestry policies of European Union and compliance of Turkey's forestry to these policies. Master Thesis, SDU Institute of Science and Technology, 99p. Isparta-Turkey.
  • Pape, R., 1999. Effects of thinning regime on the wood properties and stem quality of Picea abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14: 38-50.
  • Rametsteiner, E., Simula, M., 2003. Forest certification-an instrument to promote sustainable forest management? Journal of Environmental Management, 67: 87-98.
  • Sert, M., 2014. Productivity and Ecological evaluation of mobile winch system used in logging operations in mountainous regions. Master Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Forestry, 82 p. Kahramanmaraş-Turkey.
  • Solgi, A., Najafi, A., 2007. Investigating of residual tree damage during ground-based skidding. Pakistan Journal of Biology Science, 10: 1755-1758.
  • Spinelli, R., 1999. The environmental impact of thinning: more good than bad? IUFRO 3.09.00 Harvesting and Economic of Thinning, 4-7 May, Ennis-Ireland, pp. 136-143.
  • Stevens, J.A., Barbour, R.J., 2000. Managing the stands of the future based on lessons from the past: estimating western timber species product recovery by using historical data. USDA Forest Service, 528: 1-9.
  • Sener, F.N., Tolunay, A., Gorucu, O., 2011. Certification and accreditation of sustainable forestry management applications: case studies for Andırın and Goksun State Forestry Enterprises. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 12: 115-125.
  • Turker, M.F., 2000. Sustainable development and forestry interaction in Turkey in the light of international developments, KTU Faculty of Forestry, Trabzon-Turkey.
  • Unver, S., 2008. Determining environmental and quantitative effects of ground based skidding by human power and the damage prediction model. Doctorate Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, 123 p. Trabzon-Turkey.
  • Unver, S., Acar, H.H., 2009a. A damage prediction model for quantity loss on skidded spruce logs during ground base skidding in north eastern Turkey. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 30(1): 59-65.
  • Unver, S., Acar, H.H., 2009b. Evaluation of residual tree damage in sloping areas due to harvesting operations by manually. Austrian Journal of Forest Science, 126 (3): 119-132.
  • URL-1, 2015. Forest and Forest Products, http://ekerestecom.blogspot.com.tr/2015/05/orman-isletmeciligi-nedir.html. (Accessed: 01/10/2017).
  • Wang, S., 2001. Towards an international convention on forests: building blocks vs. stumbling blocks. International Forestry Review, 3:251–264.
  • Wang, S., 2004. One hundred faces of sustainable forest management. Forest Policy and Economics, 6(1):205–213.
  • Winkler, N., 1997. Environmentally sound forest harvesting, testing the applicability of the FAO model code in the Amazon in Brazil. Forest Harvesting Case-Study 8, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 84p., Rome.
  • Yıldırım, H.T., Velioglu, N., 2006. Assessment of criteria and indicators in sustainable forest management. I.U. Faculty of Forestry Journal Series B, 56 (1):129-140, ISSN 0535-8418.
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 78 - 84, 31.12.2017

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdi, Acar, H.H., Eroglu, H., Ozkaya, M.S., 2003. A study on the possibilities of extraction of the thin woods by the log-line system in mountainous forests. FM Project 2003A/050090, Trabzon-Turkey.
  • Acar, H.H., Unver, S., 2005. Work production of extracting of small size woods by polyethylene chute system: its application in the Giresun region. Gazi University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 5(2): 154-163.
  • Acar, H.H., Unver, S., 2012. Working efficiency during the controlled sliding of logs in the polyethylene chute by tractor power. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 13: 97-102.
  • Acar, H.H., Unver-Okan, S., Ucuncu, K., 2015. Assessment on uphill yarding with the combination of log chute and portable winch. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 1: 34-40.
  • Akay, A.E., Sert, M., Gulci, N., 2014. Evaluating productivity of mobile winch system used in logging operation on gentle ground slope. II. National Mediterranean Forest and Environmental Symposium. 22-24 October, Isparta-Turkey, pp. 281-290.
  • Akyol, A., 2004. Sustainable Forest Resources Management Policies, Indicators and Applications in Turkey. Master Thesis, SDU Institute of Science and Technology, 130p., Isparta-Turkey.
  • Akyol, A., Tolunay, A., 2014. Modelling of sustainable forest management criteria and indicators for Turkey. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 15: 21-32.
  • Badraghi, N., 2013. Productivity, cost and environmental damage of four logging methods in forestry of northern Iran. Doctorate Thesis, Dresden University Faculty of Environmental Sciences, 77p., Iran.
  • Block, R., Van Rees, K.C.J., Pennock, D.J., 2002. Quantifying harvesting impacts using soil compaction and disturbance regimes at a landscape Scale. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Journal, 66: 1669-1676.
  • Castaneda, F., 2000. Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management: international processes, current status and the way ahead. FAO, Rome. Unasylva No. 203.
  • Cavdar, B., 2012. The evaluation of Artvin forestry enterprise in certification process. Master Thesis, ACU Institute of Science and Technology, 99p., Artvin-Turkey.
  • Colak, A.H., 2000. Head and crown principles in forestry: continuity principle. Technical Bulletin, 1(2):1-7, Ankara-Turkey.
  • Collier, K.J., Bowman, E.J., 2003. Role of wood in pumice-bed streams I: impacts of post-harvest management on water quality, habitat and benthic invertebrates. Forest Ecology and Management 177: 243-259.
  • Dolarslan, E.S., 2003. Forestry strategy implemented in European Union and suggestions for Turkey. Master Thesis, Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 100p., Ankara-Turkey.
  • Durusoy, I., 2012. Defining sustainable forest management criteria for Turkish forestry. Duzce University Journal of Forestry, 8(1): 41-49.
  • FAO, 2001. Key issues in the forest sector today. State of The World’s Forest, Part 1, Rome, Italy.
  • GDF, 2007. General Directorate of Forestry, Sustainable forest management criteria and indicators 2006 annual report. http://www.ogm.gov.tr/guncel.htm (Accessed: 03.09.2017).
  • GDF, 2009a. General Directorate of Forestry, Sustainable Forest management criteria and indicators 2008 annual report. T.C. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2009b. General Directorate of Forestry, Strategic Plan 2010-2014. Directorate of Strategy Development Department, Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2013. General Directorate of Forestry, Production marketing activities in forest management. Department of Management and Marketing. 83p., Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2014. General Directorate of Forestry, Annual activity report in 2013. Directorate of Strategy Development. 71p. Ankara-Turkey.
  • GDF, 2016. General Directorate of Forestry, Production and marketing activities of wood based forest products. Department of Management and Marketing. 80p. Ankara-Turkey.
  • Gulci, N., Akay, A.E., Erdas, O., Acar, H.H., Wing, M.G., 2016. Controlled sliding of logs downhill by chute system integrated with portable winch and synthetic rope. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 66(1): 256-263.
  • Gumus S., Hatay T.Y., 2017. A cost-effectiveness approach for configuration of feasible skyline yarder for specific forest regions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26: 4656-4662.
  • Gurtan, H., 1975. A Research on the determination of loses during harvesting and extracting activities on the steep forests and rationalization of these activities. TUBITAK Publication TOVAG Sery No 38, 250p. Ankara-Turkey.
  • Kluender, R., Lortz, D., McCoy, W., Stokes, B., Klepac, J., 1998. Removal intensity and tree size effects on harvesting costs and profitability. Forest Product Journal, 48: 54-59.
  • Nugent, C., Kanali, C., Owende, P.M.O., Nieuwenhuis, M., Ward, S., 2003. Characteristic site disturbance due to harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils. Forest Ecology Management, 180: 85-98.
  • Ok, K., 2008. Sectoral policy integration of sustainable development: forestry. http://web.ogm.gov.tr/diger/ mena/Dokumanlar/RAPOR/Ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20Sektorel%20Politikalar%20ve%20sureklilik%20nihai%20raporu%201-118.pdf. (Accessed: 22.11.2017)
  • Ozcan, M., 2008. Forestry policies of European Union and compliance of Turkey's forestry to these policies. Master Thesis, SDU Institute of Science and Technology, 99p. Isparta-Turkey.
  • Pape, R., 1999. Effects of thinning regime on the wood properties and stem quality of Picea abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14: 38-50.
  • Rametsteiner, E., Simula, M., 2003. Forest certification-an instrument to promote sustainable forest management? Journal of Environmental Management, 67: 87-98.
  • Sert, M., 2014. Productivity and Ecological evaluation of mobile winch system used in logging operations in mountainous regions. Master Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Forestry, 82 p. Kahramanmaraş-Turkey.
  • Solgi, A., Najafi, A., 2007. Investigating of residual tree damage during ground-based skidding. Pakistan Journal of Biology Science, 10: 1755-1758.
  • Spinelli, R., 1999. The environmental impact of thinning: more good than bad? IUFRO 3.09.00 Harvesting and Economic of Thinning, 4-7 May, Ennis-Ireland, pp. 136-143.
  • Stevens, J.A., Barbour, R.J., 2000. Managing the stands of the future based on lessons from the past: estimating western timber species product recovery by using historical data. USDA Forest Service, 528: 1-9.
  • Sener, F.N., Tolunay, A., Gorucu, O., 2011. Certification and accreditation of sustainable forestry management applications: case studies for Andırın and Goksun State Forestry Enterprises. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 12: 115-125.
  • Turker, M.F., 2000. Sustainable development and forestry interaction in Turkey in the light of international developments, KTU Faculty of Forestry, Trabzon-Turkey.
  • Unver, S., 2008. Determining environmental and quantitative effects of ground based skidding by human power and the damage prediction model. Doctorate Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, 123 p. Trabzon-Turkey.
  • Unver, S., Acar, H.H., 2009a. A damage prediction model for quantity loss on skidded spruce logs during ground base skidding in north eastern Turkey. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 30(1): 59-65.
  • Unver, S., Acar, H.H., 2009b. Evaluation of residual tree damage in sloping areas due to harvesting operations by manually. Austrian Journal of Forest Science, 126 (3): 119-132.
  • URL-1, 2015. Forest and Forest Products, http://ekerestecom.blogspot.com.tr/2015/05/orman-isletmeciligi-nedir.html. (Accessed: 01/10/2017).
  • Wang, S., 2001. Towards an international convention on forests: building blocks vs. stumbling blocks. International Forestry Review, 3:251–264.
  • Wang, S., 2004. One hundred faces of sustainable forest management. Forest Policy and Economics, 6(1):205–213.
  • Winkler, N., 1997. Environmentally sound forest harvesting, testing the applicability of the FAO model code in the Amazon in Brazil. Forest Harvesting Case-Study 8, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 84p., Rome.
  • Yıldırım, H.T., Velioglu, N., 2006. Assessment of criteria and indicators in sustainable forest management. I.U. Faculty of Forestry Journal Series B, 56 (1):129-140, ISSN 0535-8418.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Review Article
Yazarlar

Saliha Unver Okan

Selcuk Gumus

H. Hulusi Acar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Unver Okan, S., Gumus, S., & Acar, H. H. (2017). Evaluation of logging operations in terms of sustainable forest management. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 3(2), 78-84.

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The works published in European Journal of Forest Engineering (EJFE) are licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.