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Pharmaceutical supply chain: The importance of outsourcing

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 131 - 141, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1395960

Öz

A vast web of organizations, companies, and teams involved in creating, researching, and producing drugs and associated products makes up the pharmaceutical sector. In this context, the term “supply chain” refers to the network of individuals, processes, information, and resources that transform raw materials and parts into finished goods and services before being supplied to customers. The pharmaceutical supply chain system, then, offers customers medications in the right amount, at the right time, with acceptable quality, and for the lowest feasible cost. Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly contracting out their supply chain activities due to the severe push to keep R&D expenses under control. Instead of being a cost-cutting measure, global supply chain outsourcing can be seen as a strategic competitive weapon that can improve positional advantage, offer production flexibility, and meet the ever-increasing expectations of final consumers. Global supply chain outsourcing is crucial for pharmaceutical firms to enhance performance and profit margins by leveraging core skills and resources beyond other strategies which can lower risk, increase flexibility, improve returns on capital, and improve a company’s ability to respond to the needs of its shareholders and consumers. Even while there is widespread recognition of the alluring advantages of global outsourcing, many of the related concerns are frequently disregarded. In addition to briefly discussing risk assessment methods, the goal of this work is to offer manufacturer-focused insight into supply chain-related outsourcing concerns within the pharmaceutical industry.

Etik Beyan

Not applicable because this article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

  • El Mokrini A, Dafaoui E, Berrado A, El Mhamedi A. An approach to risk Assessment for Outsourcing Logistics: Case of Pharmaceutical Industry. IFAC-PapersOnLine. (2016);49(12):1239-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.681
  • Lin B, Darling JR. An analysis of the formulation of strategic alliances: a focus on the pharmaceutical industry. Industrial Management and Data Systems. (1999);99:121-7. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635579910252653
  • Shah N. Pharmaceutical supply chains: key issues and strategies for optimisation. Computers & Chemical Engineering. (2004);28(6):929-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2003.09.022
  • Lummus RR, Vokurka RJ. Defining supply chain management: a historical perspective and practical guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems. (1999);99(1):11-7. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635579910243851
  • Pedroso M, Nakano D. Knowledge and information flows in supply chains: A study on pharmaceutical companies. International Journal of Production Economics. (2009);122:376-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.06.012
  • Rossetti CL, Handfield R, Dooley KJ. Forces, trends, and decisions in pharmaceutical supply chain management. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management. (2011);41(6):601-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600031111147835
  • Shah N. Process industry supply chains: Advances and challenges. Computers & Chemical Engineering. (2005);29(6):1225-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.02.023
  • Dubey J, Sai Kumar ML. Supply chain management. New Delhi: New Century Publications; (2007). http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy1001/2008471506.html
  • Chopra S, Meindl P. Supply Chain Management. Strategy, Planning & Operation. In: Boersch C, Elschen R, editors. Das Summa Summarum des Management: Die 25 wichtigsten Werke für Strategie, Führung und Veränderung. Wiesbaden: Gabler; (2007). p. 265-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9320-5_22
  • Privett N, Gonsalves D. The top ten global health supply chain issues: Perspectives from the field. Operations Research for Health Care. (2014);3:226-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orhc.2014.09.002
  • Jaberidoost M, Nikfar S, Abdollahiasl A, Dinarvand R. Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review. Daru. (2013);21(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-2231-21-69
  • Enyinda C, Briggs C, Bachkar K, editors. Managing risk in pharmaceutical global supply chain outsourcing: applying analytic hierarchy process model. Asbbs annual conference: Lasvegas; (2009): Citeseer,
  • Fill C, Visser E. The outsourcing dilemma: a composite approach to the make or buy decision. Management decision. (2000);38(1):43-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005315
  • escholarship (2003, February). Reducing Risks in Logistics Outsourcing. Retrieved November 22. 2023 from https://escholarship.org/content/qt47v6f9fx/qt47v6f9fx_noSplash_790e5e485c2fee37929d1c81e100573e.pdf
  • Salma B, Lyes K, Abderahman E, Younes B, editors. Quality Risk in Outsourcing. (2007) International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management; (2007) 9-11 June 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSSM.2007.4280105
  • Wang M, Jie F. Managing supply chain uncertainty and risk in the pharmaceutical industry. Health Serv Manage Res. (2020);33(3):156-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951484819845305
  • Warkentin M, Adams AM. A framework for evaluating outsourcing risk. Outsourcing management information systems. IGI Global; (2007). p. 270-81. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-195-7.ch014
  • DiMasi JA, Hansen RW, Grabowski HG. The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. Journal of Health Economics. (2003);22(2):151-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00126-1
  • Grabowski HG, Vernon J. The distribution of sales revenues from pharmaceutical innovation. Pharmacoeconomics. (2000);18:21-32. https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200018001-00005
  • Backman M, Segrestin B, editors. Drug design strategies: the new challenge of discovery departments in pharmaceutical companies. international product development management conference; (2005)
  • Sink HL, Langley J. A Managerial Framework For The Acquisition Of Third-Party Logistics Services. Journal of Business Logistics. (1997);18(2):163-89
  • Briggs C, Bachkar K. Managing risk in pharmaceutical global supply chain outsourcing: Applying analytic hierarchy process model. (2009)
  • ICH Q9 Quality risk management - Scientific guideline [Internet]. (2023). Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/ich-q9-quality-risk-management-scientific-guideline
  • Christopher M, Peck H. Building the Resilient Supply Chain. The International Journal of Logistics Management. (2004);15(2):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090410700275
  • Soni G, Kodali R. A decision framework for assessment of risk associated with global supply chain. Journal of Modelling in Management. (2013);8(1):25-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465661311311969
  • Jiang B, Baker RC, Frazier GV. An analysis of job dissatisfaction and turnover to reduce global supply chain risk: Evidence from China. Journal of Operations Management. (2009);27:169-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2007.09.002
  • Jüttner U, Peck H, Christopher M. Supply Chain Risk Management: Outlining an Agenda for Future Research. International Journal of Logistics: Research & Applications. (2003);6:197-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560310001627016
  • Bak O. Supply chain risk management research agenda. Business Process Management Journal. 2018;24(2):567-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2017-0021
  • Craighead CW, Blackhurst J, Rungtusanatham MJ, Handfield RB. The Severity of Supply Chain Disruptions: Design Characteristics and Mitigation Capabilities. Decision Sciences. (2007);38(1):131-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00151.x
  • O’Connor T, Yang X, Tian G, Chatterjee S, Lee S. 2 - Quality risk management for pharmaceutical manufacturing: The role of process modelling and simulations. In: Pandey P, Bharadwaj R, editors. Predictive Modeling of Pharmaceutical Unit Operations.Woodhead Publishing; (2017). p. 15-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100154-7.00002-8
  • Tian G, Koolivand A, Arden NS, Lee S, O’Connor TF. Quality risk assessment and mitigation of pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing using a flowsheet modelling approach. Computers & Chemical Engineering. (2019);129:106508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.06.033
  • Diaz R, Kolachana S, Falcão Gomes R. A simulation-based logistics assessment framework in global pharmaceutical supply chain networks. Journal of the Operational Research Society. (2023);74(5):1242-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2022.2077661
  • Kharisma SA, Ardi R, editors. Supply Chain Risk Assessment of Generic Medicine in Indonesia Using DEMATEL-Based ANP (DANP). 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM); (2020) 14-17 Dec. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM45057.2020.9309793
  • Enyinda CI, Mbah CC, Ogbuehi AO. An empirical analysis of risk mitigation in the pharmaceutical industry supply chain: A developing-country perspective. Thunderbird International Business Review. (2010);52:45-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20309
  • Chen X, Li S, Wang X. Evaluating the effects of quality regulations on the pharmaceutical supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics. (2020);230:107770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107770
  • Chopra S, Sodhi M. Managing Risk to Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown. MIT Sloan Management Review. (2004);46(1):53-61,
  • Lee CW, Ulferts GW. Managing Supply Chain Risks and Risk Mitigation Strategies. North Korean Review. (2011);7(2):34-44, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43908849
  • Mishra D, Sharma R, Kumar S, Dubey R. Bridging and buffering: Strategies for mitigating supply risk and improving supply chain performance. International Journal of Production Economics. (2016);180:183-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.08.005
  • Ouabouch L, Amri M. Analysing Supply Chain Risk Factors: A Probability-Impact Matrix Applied to Pharmaceutical Industry. Journal of Logistics Management. (2013);2(2):35-40. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.logistics.20130202.01
  • Aigbogun O. A Framework to Enhance Supply Chain Resilience: The Case of Malaysian Pharmaceutical Industry. Global Business and Management Research (2014);6(3):219-28,
  • Elleuch H, Hachicha W, Chabchoub H. A combined approach for supply chain risk management: description and application to a real hospital pharmaceutical case study. Journal of Risk Research. (2014);17(5):641-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2013.815653
  • El Mokrini A, Kafa N, Dafaoui E, El Mhamedi A, Berrado A. Evaluating outsourcing risks in the pharmaceutical supply chain: Case of a multi-criteria combined fuzzy AHP-PROMETHEE approach. IFAC-PapersOnLine. (2016);49(28):114-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.020
  • Lücker F, Seifert RW. Building up Resilience in a Pharmaceutical Supply Chain through Inventory, Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity. Omega. (2017);73:114-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2017.01.001
  • Pariazar M, Root S, Sir MY. Supply chain design considering correlated failures and inspection in pharmaceutical and food supply chains. Computers & Industrial Engineering. (2017);111:123-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2017.07.009
  • Moktadir MA, Ali SM, Mangla SK, Sharmy TA, Luthra S, Mishra N, Garza-Reyes JA. Decision modelling of risks in pharmaceutical supply chains. Industrial Management & Data Systems. (2018);118(7):1388-412. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2017-0465
  • Salehi V, Salehi R, Mirzayi M, Akhavizadegan F. Performance optimization of pharmaceutical supply chain by a unique resilience engineering and fuzzy mathematical framework. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries. (2020);30(5):336-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20845
  • Goodarzian F, Hosseini-Nasab H, Muñuzuri J, Fakhrzad M-B. A multi-objective pharmaceutical supply chain network based on a robust fuzzy model: A comparison of meta-heuristics. Applied Soft Computing. (2020);92:106331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106331
  • Rajagopal V, Shanmugam PV, Nandre R. Quantifying reputation risk using a fuzzy cognitive map: a case of a pharmaceutical supply chain. Journal of Advances in Management Research. (2022);19(1):78-105. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-08-2020-0203
  • Osorio Gómez JC, España KT. Operational Risk Management in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Using Ontologies and Fuzzy QFD. Procedia Manufacturing. (2020);51:1673-9.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.233
  • BenAmor WD, Labella A, Frikha HM, López LM. Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risk Assessment During COVID-19 Epidemic. IFAC-PapersOnLine. (2022);55(10):2203-8.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.035
  • Yalcinkaya I, Cebi S, editors. Using Fuzzy Set Based Model for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risks Assessment. Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems; (2022); Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 131 - 141, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1395960

Öz

Kaynakça

  • El Mokrini A, Dafaoui E, Berrado A, El Mhamedi A. An approach to risk Assessment for Outsourcing Logistics: Case of Pharmaceutical Industry. IFAC-PapersOnLine. (2016);49(12):1239-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.681
  • Lin B, Darling JR. An analysis of the formulation of strategic alliances: a focus on the pharmaceutical industry. Industrial Management and Data Systems. (1999);99:121-7. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635579910252653
  • Shah N. Pharmaceutical supply chains: key issues and strategies for optimisation. Computers & Chemical Engineering. (2004);28(6):929-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2003.09.022
  • Lummus RR, Vokurka RJ. Defining supply chain management: a historical perspective and practical guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems. (1999);99(1):11-7. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635579910243851
  • Pedroso M, Nakano D. Knowledge and information flows in supply chains: A study on pharmaceutical companies. International Journal of Production Economics. (2009);122:376-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.06.012
  • Rossetti CL, Handfield R, Dooley KJ. Forces, trends, and decisions in pharmaceutical supply chain management. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management. (2011);41(6):601-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600031111147835
  • Shah N. Process industry supply chains: Advances and challenges. Computers & Chemical Engineering. (2005);29(6):1225-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.02.023
  • Dubey J, Sai Kumar ML. Supply chain management. New Delhi: New Century Publications; (2007). http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy1001/2008471506.html
  • Chopra S, Meindl P. Supply Chain Management. Strategy, Planning & Operation. In: Boersch C, Elschen R, editors. Das Summa Summarum des Management: Die 25 wichtigsten Werke für Strategie, Führung und Veränderung. Wiesbaden: Gabler; (2007). p. 265-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9320-5_22
  • Privett N, Gonsalves D. The top ten global health supply chain issues: Perspectives from the field. Operations Research for Health Care. (2014);3:226-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orhc.2014.09.002
  • Jaberidoost M, Nikfar S, Abdollahiasl A, Dinarvand R. Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review. Daru. (2013);21(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-2231-21-69
  • Enyinda C, Briggs C, Bachkar K, editors. Managing risk in pharmaceutical global supply chain outsourcing: applying analytic hierarchy process model. Asbbs annual conference: Lasvegas; (2009): Citeseer,
  • Fill C, Visser E. The outsourcing dilemma: a composite approach to the make or buy decision. Management decision. (2000);38(1):43-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005315
  • escholarship (2003, February). Reducing Risks in Logistics Outsourcing. Retrieved November 22. 2023 from https://escholarship.org/content/qt47v6f9fx/qt47v6f9fx_noSplash_790e5e485c2fee37929d1c81e100573e.pdf
  • Salma B, Lyes K, Abderahman E, Younes B, editors. Quality Risk in Outsourcing. (2007) International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management; (2007) 9-11 June 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSSM.2007.4280105
  • Wang M, Jie F. Managing supply chain uncertainty and risk in the pharmaceutical industry. Health Serv Manage Res. (2020);33(3):156-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951484819845305
  • Warkentin M, Adams AM. A framework for evaluating outsourcing risk. Outsourcing management information systems. IGI Global; (2007). p. 270-81. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-195-7.ch014
  • DiMasi JA, Hansen RW, Grabowski HG. The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. Journal of Health Economics. (2003);22(2):151-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00126-1
  • Grabowski HG, Vernon J. The distribution of sales revenues from pharmaceutical innovation. Pharmacoeconomics. (2000);18:21-32. https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200018001-00005
  • Backman M, Segrestin B, editors. Drug design strategies: the new challenge of discovery departments in pharmaceutical companies. international product development management conference; (2005)
  • Sink HL, Langley J. A Managerial Framework For The Acquisition Of Third-Party Logistics Services. Journal of Business Logistics. (1997);18(2):163-89
  • Briggs C, Bachkar K. Managing risk in pharmaceutical global supply chain outsourcing: Applying analytic hierarchy process model. (2009)
  • ICH Q9 Quality risk management - Scientific guideline [Internet]. (2023). Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/ich-q9-quality-risk-management-scientific-guideline
  • Christopher M, Peck H. Building the Resilient Supply Chain. The International Journal of Logistics Management. (2004);15(2):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090410700275
  • Soni G, Kodali R. A decision framework for assessment of risk associated with global supply chain. Journal of Modelling in Management. (2013);8(1):25-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465661311311969
  • Jiang B, Baker RC, Frazier GV. An analysis of job dissatisfaction and turnover to reduce global supply chain risk: Evidence from China. Journal of Operations Management. (2009);27:169-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2007.09.002
  • Jüttner U, Peck H, Christopher M. Supply Chain Risk Management: Outlining an Agenda for Future Research. International Journal of Logistics: Research & Applications. (2003);6:197-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560310001627016
  • Bak O. Supply chain risk management research agenda. Business Process Management Journal. 2018;24(2):567-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2017-0021
  • Craighead CW, Blackhurst J, Rungtusanatham MJ, Handfield RB. The Severity of Supply Chain Disruptions: Design Characteristics and Mitigation Capabilities. Decision Sciences. (2007);38(1):131-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00151.x
  • O’Connor T, Yang X, Tian G, Chatterjee S, Lee S. 2 - Quality risk management for pharmaceutical manufacturing: The role of process modelling and simulations. In: Pandey P, Bharadwaj R, editors. Predictive Modeling of Pharmaceutical Unit Operations.Woodhead Publishing; (2017). p. 15-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100154-7.00002-8
  • Tian G, Koolivand A, Arden NS, Lee S, O’Connor TF. Quality risk assessment and mitigation of pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing using a flowsheet modelling approach. Computers & Chemical Engineering. (2019);129:106508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.06.033
  • Diaz R, Kolachana S, Falcão Gomes R. A simulation-based logistics assessment framework in global pharmaceutical supply chain networks. Journal of the Operational Research Society. (2023);74(5):1242-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2022.2077661
  • Kharisma SA, Ardi R, editors. Supply Chain Risk Assessment of Generic Medicine in Indonesia Using DEMATEL-Based ANP (DANP). 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM); (2020) 14-17 Dec. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM45057.2020.9309793
  • Enyinda CI, Mbah CC, Ogbuehi AO. An empirical analysis of risk mitigation in the pharmaceutical industry supply chain: A developing-country perspective. Thunderbird International Business Review. (2010);52:45-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20309
  • Chen X, Li S, Wang X. Evaluating the effects of quality regulations on the pharmaceutical supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics. (2020);230:107770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107770
  • Chopra S, Sodhi M. Managing Risk to Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown. MIT Sloan Management Review. (2004);46(1):53-61,
  • Lee CW, Ulferts GW. Managing Supply Chain Risks and Risk Mitigation Strategies. North Korean Review. (2011);7(2):34-44, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43908849
  • Mishra D, Sharma R, Kumar S, Dubey R. Bridging and buffering: Strategies for mitigating supply risk and improving supply chain performance. International Journal of Production Economics. (2016);180:183-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.08.005
  • Ouabouch L, Amri M. Analysing Supply Chain Risk Factors: A Probability-Impact Matrix Applied to Pharmaceutical Industry. Journal of Logistics Management. (2013);2(2):35-40. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.logistics.20130202.01
  • Aigbogun O. A Framework to Enhance Supply Chain Resilience: The Case of Malaysian Pharmaceutical Industry. Global Business and Management Research (2014);6(3):219-28,
  • Elleuch H, Hachicha W, Chabchoub H. A combined approach for supply chain risk management: description and application to a real hospital pharmaceutical case study. Journal of Risk Research. (2014);17(5):641-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2013.815653
  • El Mokrini A, Kafa N, Dafaoui E, El Mhamedi A, Berrado A. Evaluating outsourcing risks in the pharmaceutical supply chain: Case of a multi-criteria combined fuzzy AHP-PROMETHEE approach. IFAC-PapersOnLine. (2016);49(28):114-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.020
  • Lücker F, Seifert RW. Building up Resilience in a Pharmaceutical Supply Chain through Inventory, Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity. Omega. (2017);73:114-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2017.01.001
  • Pariazar M, Root S, Sir MY. Supply chain design considering correlated failures and inspection in pharmaceutical and food supply chains. Computers & Industrial Engineering. (2017);111:123-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2017.07.009
  • Moktadir MA, Ali SM, Mangla SK, Sharmy TA, Luthra S, Mishra N, Garza-Reyes JA. Decision modelling of risks in pharmaceutical supply chains. Industrial Management & Data Systems. (2018);118(7):1388-412. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2017-0465
  • Salehi V, Salehi R, Mirzayi M, Akhavizadegan F. Performance optimization of pharmaceutical supply chain by a unique resilience engineering and fuzzy mathematical framework. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries. (2020);30(5):336-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20845
  • Goodarzian F, Hosseini-Nasab H, Muñuzuri J, Fakhrzad M-B. A multi-objective pharmaceutical supply chain network based on a robust fuzzy model: A comparison of meta-heuristics. Applied Soft Computing. (2020);92:106331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106331
  • Rajagopal V, Shanmugam PV, Nandre R. Quantifying reputation risk using a fuzzy cognitive map: a case of a pharmaceutical supply chain. Journal of Advances in Management Research. (2022);19(1):78-105. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-08-2020-0203
  • Osorio Gómez JC, España KT. Operational Risk Management in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Using Ontologies and Fuzzy QFD. Procedia Manufacturing. (2020);51:1673-9.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.233
  • BenAmor WD, Labella A, Frikha HM, López LM. Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risk Assessment During COVID-19 Epidemic. IFAC-PapersOnLine. (2022);55(10):2203-8.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.035
  • Yalcinkaya I, Cebi S, editors. Using Fuzzy Set Based Model for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risks Assessment. Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems; (2022); Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Özlem Akbal Dağıstan 0000-0002-6524-3535

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 7 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Akbal Dağıstan Ö. Pharmaceutical supply chain: The importance of outsourcing. Eur J Life Sci. 2023;2(3):131-4.