BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2011, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 153 - 159, 21.01.2013

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. JeJeebhoy SJ, Sathar ZA. Women’s autonomy in India and Pakistan: the influence of religion and region. Popul Dev Rev 2001; 27; 687-712.
  • 2. NACO: Link workers scheme-Operational guidelines, NACO, New Delhi 2007.
  • 3. Pradhan Basanta K, Ramamani Sundar. Gender: Impact of HIV and AIDS in India, NACO, NCAER and UNDP. 2006.
  • 4. UN Millennium Project. Combating AIDS in the Developing World. Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB, and Access to Essential Medicines. Working group on HIV/AIDS 2005.
  • 5. Tiessen R. Re-inventing the gendered organization staff attitudes towards women and gender mainstreaming in NGOs in Malawi. Gender Work and Organization 2004; 11; 689-708.
  • 6. Commonwealth Secretariat. Gender Mainstreaming In HIV / AIDS: Taking A Multisectoral Approach. Commonwealth Secretariat 2002.
  • 7. Luke N. Kurz KM. Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-saharan Africa: prevalence of behavior and implications for negotiating safer sexual practices. Washington, DC: ICRW 2002.
  • 8. Rao Gupta G. Lessons from the Past, Challenges for the Future: Gender and Sexuality in the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Paper presented at the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act Conference, Washington, DC, August 22, 2002.
  • 9. UNAIDS, & WHO. AIDS epidemic update: Special report on HIV prevention. Geneva: UNAIDS 2005. 10. Dunkel Kristin L and Rachel Jewkes. Effective HIV prevention requires gender transformative work with men. Sex Transm Infect 84, 2007; 173-174.
  • 11. Moser C, Moser A. Gender mainstreaming since Beijing: a review of success and limitations in international institutions. Gender & Development 13 (2); 2005.
  • 12. Kardam N. Making development organisations accountable: the organisational, political and cognitive contexts. In: Goetz A (ed). Making development organizations accountable: the organisational, political and cognitive contexts. London: Zed Books 1997.
  • 13. Mehra R, Gupta GR. (2006). Gender Mainstreaming: Making it Happen: ICRW, Washington DC 2006.
  • 14. UNDP. Gender Approaches in Conflict and PostConflict Situations. Geneva: UNDP 2001.
  • 15. Daly M. “Gender Mainstreaming in Theory and Practice,” Social Politics, 433- 450. Duvvury, N. et al. (2006) HIV & AIDS-Stigma and Violence Reduction Intervention Manual. Washington, DC: ICRW 2005.

Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 153 - 159, 21.01.2013

Öz

Abstract. It is increasingly being recognized that gender inequality is a critical factor fuelling the HIV epidemic in India and elsewhere in the world. To undertake a research and programmatic review to understand how gender has been integrated in existing HIV interventions in India and to highlight the challenges associated with gender mainstreaming to propose recommendations to fill the gaps. Review of literature both published and grey along with exploration of selected HIV program both HIV focused (targeted interventions) and non HIV focused programs interventions across the country.  While gender mainstreaming as a process finds mention in program plans and priorities, efforts to operationalize gender within HIV prevention programs have not been easy. This is largely due to the structure of programs which are target driven and defined. While efforts to reduce structural vulnerability of women to HIV like violence against women have been introduced in some targeted interventions, they are largely perceived as ‘additional components’ which put emphasis on service delivery. The lack of gender sensitive indicators presents another challenge for most programs. To reduce the vulnerability and risk of women to HIV, current HIV programming in India should expand its focus from only ‘risk reduction’ to include ‘vulnerability reduction’ measures as well so that structural inequities that emanate from gendered relations are addressed within programs. In this effort, men along with women should be seen as allies leading this process.  In addition, gender indicators should be developed that are mapped regularly along with service delivery indicators to measure impact of program. A robust monitoring and evaluation mechanism should be considered a critical part of project design and delivery.       

Key words: Gender, gender mainstreaming, HIV/AIDS, gender based violence, vulnerability, risk reduction.

Kaynakça

  • 1. JeJeebhoy SJ, Sathar ZA. Women’s autonomy in India and Pakistan: the influence of religion and region. Popul Dev Rev 2001; 27; 687-712.
  • 2. NACO: Link workers scheme-Operational guidelines, NACO, New Delhi 2007.
  • 3. Pradhan Basanta K, Ramamani Sundar. Gender: Impact of HIV and AIDS in India, NACO, NCAER and UNDP. 2006.
  • 4. UN Millennium Project. Combating AIDS in the Developing World. Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB, and Access to Essential Medicines. Working group on HIV/AIDS 2005.
  • 5. Tiessen R. Re-inventing the gendered organization staff attitudes towards women and gender mainstreaming in NGOs in Malawi. Gender Work and Organization 2004; 11; 689-708.
  • 6. Commonwealth Secretariat. Gender Mainstreaming In HIV / AIDS: Taking A Multisectoral Approach. Commonwealth Secretariat 2002.
  • 7. Luke N. Kurz KM. Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-saharan Africa: prevalence of behavior and implications for negotiating safer sexual practices. Washington, DC: ICRW 2002.
  • 8. Rao Gupta G. Lessons from the Past, Challenges for the Future: Gender and Sexuality in the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Paper presented at the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act Conference, Washington, DC, August 22, 2002.
  • 9. UNAIDS, & WHO. AIDS epidemic update: Special report on HIV prevention. Geneva: UNAIDS 2005. 10. Dunkel Kristin L and Rachel Jewkes. Effective HIV prevention requires gender transformative work with men. Sex Transm Infect 84, 2007; 173-174.
  • 11. Moser C, Moser A. Gender mainstreaming since Beijing: a review of success and limitations in international institutions. Gender & Development 13 (2); 2005.
  • 12. Kardam N. Making development organisations accountable: the organisational, political and cognitive contexts. In: Goetz A (ed). Making development organizations accountable: the organisational, political and cognitive contexts. London: Zed Books 1997.
  • 13. Mehra R, Gupta GR. (2006). Gender Mainstreaming: Making it Happen: ICRW, Washington DC 2006.
  • 14. UNDP. Gender Approaches in Conflict and PostConflict Situations. Geneva: UNDP 2001.
  • 15. Daly M. “Gender Mainstreaming in Theory and Practice,” Social Politics, 433- 450. Duvvury, N. et al. (2006) HIV & AIDS-Stigma and Violence Reduction Intervention Manual. Washington, DC: ICRW 2005.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Aprajita Mukherjee Bu kişi benim

Madhumita Das Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mukherjee, A., & Das, M. (2013). Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 16(2), 153-159.
AMA Mukherjee A, Das M. Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. Mart 2013;16(2):153-159.
Chicago Mukherjee, Aprajita, ve Madhumita Das. “Mainstreaming Gender in HIV Programs: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward”. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 16, sy. 2 (Mart 2013): 153-59.
EndNote Mukherjee A, Das M (01 Mart 2013) Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 16 2 153–159.
IEEE A. Mukherjee ve M. Das, “Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward”, EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 153–159, 2013.
ISNAD Mukherjee, Aprajita - Das, Madhumita. “Mainstreaming Gender in HIV Programs: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward”. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 16/2 (Mart 2013), 153-159.
JAMA Mukherjee A, Das M. Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. 2013;16:153–159.
MLA Mukherjee, Aprajita ve Madhumita Das. “Mainstreaming Gender in HIV Programs: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward”. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, c. 16, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 153-9.
Vancouver Mukherjee A, Das M. Mainstreaming gender in HIV programs: issues, challenges and way forward. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. 2013;16(2):153-9.