Genetic diversity of Galeodes populations (Arachnida: Solifugae) on Bolkar Mountains

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 25 - 29, 18.04.2023

Münir Uçak , Ayşegül Karataş

Öz

In this study, genetic diversity levels of populations of Galeodes, distributing The Bolkar Mountains in Türkiye, was investigated using RAPD-pcr markers. A total of 29 samples (Galeodes graecus, G. lycaonis, G. toelgi, Galeodes sp. 1 and Galeodes sp. 2) were collected from 20 different localities and were analysed. Gnosippus sp. was evaluate as outgroup. It was calculated that the genetic diversity level was very high in G. toelgi and G. graecus spreading on the southern slopes, while this value reached the highest level in G. lycaonis on the northern slopes. This value was observed at the lowest level in Galeodes sp. 1 and Galeodes sp. 2. It was determined that the taxa which are spreading on the northern and southern slopes, were groupped on separete lines on the UPGMA trees created using the genetic distance values of Nei.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bolkar Mountains, Galeodes, RAPD-pcr, Solifugae

Kaynakça

• 1. Wharburton C. Arachnida-Elasmobranchiata, Scorpions, Spiders, Mites, Ticks, etc. In “The Cambridge Natural History” (Eds. S.F. Harmer and A.E. Shipley). MacMillan and Co., Limited. London, 1909. pp. 297-474.
• 2. Harvey MS. The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders? J Arachnol 2002; 30: 357-372.
• 3. Blick T, Harvey M. Worldwide catalogues and species numbers of the arachnid orders (Arachnida). Arachnol Mitt 2011;41: 41-43.
• 4. Karataş A, Uçak M. A new Barrussus Roewer, 1928 (Solifugae: Karschiidae) from Southern Turkey. Turk J Zool 2013; 37(5):594-600.
• 5. Harvey MS. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World. Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. Csiro Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, 2003. pp. 385.
• 6. Bird TL, Wharton RA, Prendini L. Cheliceral morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): primary homology, terminology and character survey. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 2015; 394: 1-355.
• 7. Wheeler WC, Hayashi CY. The phylogeny of the extant Chelicerate orders. Cladistics 1998;14: 173-192.
• 8. Shultz JW. A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnidorders based on morphological characters. Zool J Linn Soc 2007; 150: 221–265.
• 9. Dabert M, Witalinski W, Kazmierski A, Olszanowski Z, Dabert J. Molecular phylogeny of acariform mites (Acari, Arachnida): Strong conflict between phylogenetic signal and long-branch attraction artifacts. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56 (1): 222-241.
• 10. Pepato AR, da Rocha CE, Dunlop JA. Phylogenetic position of the acariform mites: sensitivity to homology assessment under total evidence. BMC Evol Biol. 2010;10, 235.
• 11. Arabi J, Judson MLI, Deharveng L, Lourenço WR, Cruaud C and Hassanin A.. Nucleotide Composition of CO1 Sequences in Chelicerata (Arthropoda): Detecting New Mitogenomic Rearrangements. J. Mol. Evol. 2012;74: 81-95.
• 12. Giribet G, Edgecombe GD. Reevaluating the arthropod tree of life. Annu Rev Entomol 2012; 57: 167–186.
• 13. Masta SE, Klann AE, Podsiadlowski L. A comparison of the mitochondrial genomes from two families of Solifugae (Arthropoda: Chelicerata): Eremobatidae and Ammotrechidae. Gene 2008; 417: 35-42.
• 14. Maddahi H, Khazanehdari M., Aliabadian M., Gholi Kami H., Mirshamsi A., Mirshamsi O. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) from Iran. Mitochondrial DNA Part A 2017; 28:6, 909-919.
• 15. Santibáñez-López CE, Farleigh K, Cushing PE, Graham MR. Restriction enzyme optimization for RADseq with camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae). J Arachnol 2021; 48(3):346-350.
• 16. Santibáñez-López CE, Cushing PE, Powell AM, Graham MR. Diversification and post-glacial range expansion of giant North American camel spiders in genus Eremocosta (Solifugae: Eremobatidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:1-11.
• 17. Roewer CF. Solifugae, Palpigradi. In: Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 5: Arthropoda. IV: Arachnoidea, (Ed. H.G. Bronn), Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig; 1934. pp. 481-608.
• 18. El-Hennawy HK. Sun-spiders of Turkey (Arachnida: Solpugida), list of species and key to genera. Serket 2007; 10 (4); 130-134.
• 19. Erdek M. A new species of the solifuge genus Galeodes Olivier, 1791 from southeastern Turkey (Solifugae, Galeodidae). Zootaxa 2021; 4991(1):116-130.
• 20. Altın BN, Altın T. Niğde’nin Fiziki Coğrafyası. Aladağlar’dan Bolkarlar’a “Niğde’nin Biyolojik Çeşitliliği” (El Kitabı) (Ed. A. Karataş, Ay. Karataş ve M. Sözen). Hamle Gazetecilik ve Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., Niğde; 2008. pp. 1-6.
• 21. Atalay İ. Türkiye’nin Ekolojik Bölgeleri. Meta Basımevi, Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları, 2002; 266.
• 22. Gaubert P, Zenatello M. Ancient DNA porspective on the failed introduction of mongooses in Italy during the XXth century. J. Zool 2009; 279: 262-269.
• 23. Üstünbaş S, Çolak R, Karacan GO, Çolak E. RAPD-PCR analysis of water vole, Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Rodentia) distributed in Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv 2011; 10(13): 1673-1677.
• 24. Kaya Z, Neale DB. Utility of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers for Linkage Mapping in Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). Silvae Genet 1995; 44: 2-33.
• 25. Nei M. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia Uni. Press, New York; 1987.
• 26. Nei M. Molecular population genetics and evolution, Amsterdam, North Holland Publ. Com.; 1978.
• 27. Cushing PE, Graham MR, Prendini L, Brookhart JO. A multilocus molecular phylogeny of the endemic North American camel spider family Eremobatidae (Arachnida: Solifugae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 92:280-9