Clinical Research

Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Volume: 4 Number: 4 December 22, 2025
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Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective:Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign, reactive inflammatory hyperplasia of the oral mucosa that commonly develops secondary to trauma, hormonal alterations, or chronic irritation. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of oral PG cases diagnosed over a 10-year period. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 214 cases diagnosed as PG between 2010 and 2020 in the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, were examined. For each case, data regarding age, sex, lesion location, and clinical presentation were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. The Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables, while the Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of continuous variables. Depending on the distribution, either the independent samples t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test was used. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Of the total PG cases, 69.2% were females and 30.8% were males, with a mean age of 36.4 ± 12.8 years. The most frequent lesion site was the maxillary posterior region (44.4%), followed by the mandibular posterior (37.8%), maxillary anterior (12.6%), and mandibular anterior (5.1%) regions. No statistically significant relationship was found between sex and lesion location (p > 0.05). Clinically, most lesions (74.2%) were pedunculated. Histopathologically, prominent inflammatory cell infiltration, dilated capillary vessels, and surface ulceration were the most common findings. Conclusion:Oral pyogenic granuloma is a reactive vascular lesion that occurs more frequently in females and is predominantly localized in the maxillary posterior region. Hormonal influences, traumatic factors, and local irritation are thought to act synergistically in its pathogenesis. Accurate histopathological diagnosis and differentiation of PG are crucial for preventing postoperative recurrence following surgical excision.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Dicle University Oral Pathology Archive.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry with protocol number 2022-48.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Journal Section

Clinical Research

Publication Date

December 22, 2025

Submission Date

November 28, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 4

APA
Demir, Ö., Gülsün, B., Ağaçayak, S., Atabay, M., & Büyükdeniz, A. F. (2025). Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 4(4), 96-100. https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB
AMA
1.Demir Ö, Gülsün B, Ağaçayak S, Atabay M, Büyükdeniz AF. Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. EJOMS. 2025;4(4):96-100. https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB
Chicago
Demir, Ömer, Belgin Gülsün, Serkan Ağaçayak, Mikail Atabay, and Ahmet Ferhat Büyükdeniz. 2025. “Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4 (4): 96-100. https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB.
EndNote
Demir Ö, Gülsün B, Ağaçayak S, Atabay M, Büyükdeniz AF (December 1, 2025) Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4 4 96–100.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Demir, B. Gülsün, S. Ağaçayak, M. Atabay, and A. F. Büyükdeniz, “Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study”, EJOMS, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 96–100, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB
ISNAD
Demir, Ömer - Gülsün, Belgin - Ağaçayak, Serkan - Atabay, Mikail - Büyükdeniz, Ahmet Ferhat. “Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4/4 (December 1, 2025): 96-100. https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB.
JAMA
1.Demir Ö, Gülsün B, Ağaçayak S, Atabay M, Büyükdeniz AF. Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. EJOMS. 2025;4:96–100.
MLA
Demir, Ömer, et al. “Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 4, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 96-100, https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB.
Vancouver
1.Ömer Demir, Belgin Gülsün, Serkan Ağaçayak, Mikail Atabay, Ahmet Ferhat Büyükdeniz. Investigation of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. EJOMS [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;4(4):96-100. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA55DG44LB

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