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Tunceli Uzunçayır Barajı Mansap Tarafında Su Kalitesinin Araştırılması ve İzlenmesi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 19, 596 - 605, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.740012

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Tunceli Uzunçayır Barajından mansaplanan yerüstü sularının su kalitesi belirlendi. Su kalitesinin belirlenmesinin amacı, barajlardan mansaplanan su kütlesinin hangi amaçla kullanılıp kullanılamayacağının değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çerçevede, yüksek kaliteli sular olarak da ifade edilen “çok iyi” su durumunu gösteren sular Sınıf-1 kalitesindeki sular olarak belirtilmektedir. Bu sular içme suyu olma potansiyeli yüksek olan yerüstü suları, yüzme gibi vücut teması gerektirenler dahil rekreasyonel maksatlar için kullanılabilir suları, alabalık üretimi için kullanılabilir nitelikte suları ve hayvan üretimi ve çiftlik ihtiyacı için kullanılabilir nitelikteki suları kapsamaktadır. Az kirlenmiş su olarak da ifade edilen “iyi su” durumunu gösteren sular Sınıf-2 kalitesindeki sular olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu sular içme suyu olma potansiyeli olan yerüstü sularını, rekreasyonel maksatlar için kullanılabilir nitelikteki suları, alabalık dışında balık üretimi için kullanılabilir nitelikteki suları ve Mer-i mevzuat ile tespit edilmiş olan sulama suyu kalite kriterlerini sağlamak şartıyla sulama suyu olarak kullanılabilecek suları kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yerüstü su örnekleri 2019 yılı Haziran, Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında alındı ve elde edilen veriler Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği’nde (YSKY) verilen su kalite değerleriyle mukayese edildi. Analiz sonuçlarına göre pH değerleri 7,92-8,01 arasında değerler aldı ve su kalite sınıfı Sınıf-1 olarak belirlendi. Sıcaklık değerleri 17,2-23,1 oC arasında değişkenlik gösterdi. Elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ) değerleri 322-384 µS/cm arasında değerler aldı ve su kalite sınıfı Sınıf-1 olarak belirlendi. Nitrat azotu (NO3--N) konsantrasyonları 0,91-1,26 mg/L arasında tespit edildi ve buna göre su kalite sınıfı Sınıf-1 olarak belirlendi. Biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ5) konsantrasyonları 2,1-3,5 mg/L arasında iken kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) konsantrasyonları ise 17,3-25,1 mg/L arasında değerler aldığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, Uzunçayır Barajından mansaplanan yerüstü sularının pH, sıcaklık, Eİ, NO3--N, BOİ5 konsantrasyonları açısından Sınıf-1 kalitesinde, KOİ açısından ise Sınıf-2 kalitesinde olduğu tespit edildi.

Kaynakça

  • Arman, N.Z., Salmiati, S., Said, M.I.M., Aris, A. (2019). Development of macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index and establishment of biocriteria for river health assessment in Malaysia. Ecological Indicators, 104(2019), 449-458.
  • Azizullah, A., Khattak, M.N.K., Richter, P., Häder, D.P. (2011). Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health—a review, Environ. Int., 37(2011), 479-497.
  • Bashir, N., Saeed, R., Afzaal, M., Ahmad, A., Hameed, S. (2020). Water quality assessment of lower Jhelum canal in Pakistan by using geographic information system (GIS). Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10(2020), Article 100357.
  • Bloesch, J., Sandu, C., Janning, J. (2012). Challenges of an integrative water protection and river basin management policy: The Danube case. River Syst., 20(2012), 129-144.
  • Chapman, D.V., Bradley, C., Gettel, G.M., Hatvani, I.G., Varbiro, G. (2016). Developments in water quality monitoring and management in large river catchments using the Danube River as an example. Environmental Science & Policy, 64(2016), 141-154.
  • Crosa, G., Froebrich, J., Nikolayenko, V., Stefani, F., Gallid, P., Calamari, D. 2006. Spatial and seasonal variations in the water quality of the Amu Darya river (Central Asia). Water Res., 40(2006), 2237-2245.
  • Galán-Martín, A., Vaskan, P., Antón, A., Esteller, L.J., Gonzalo, G. (2017). Multi-objective optimization of rained and irrigated agricultural areas considering production and environmental criteria: a case study of wheat production in Spain. J. Clean. Prod., 140(2017), 816-830.
  • Güneş, E.H., Güneş, Y., Talınlı, İ. (2008). Toxicity evaluation of industrial and land base sources in a river basin. Desalination, 226(2008), 348-356.
  • Herdendorf, C.E. (1982). Large lakes of the world. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 8(1982), 379-412.
  • Herdendorf, C.E. (1990). Distribution of the world's large lakes. M.T. Max, C. Serruya (Eds.), Large lakes: Ecological structure and function, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (1990), 3-38s.
  • Ho, J.Y., Afan, H.A., El-Shafie, A.H., Koting, S.B., Mohd, N.S., Jaafar, W.Z.B., Hin, L.S., Malek, M.A., Ahmed, A.N., Melini, W.H., Mohtar, W., Elshorbagy, A., El-Shafie, A. (2019). Towards a time and cost effective approach to water quality index class prediction. Journal of Hydrology, 575(2019), 148-165.
  • Huang, J., Huang, Y., Zhang, Z. (2014). Coupled effects of natural and anthropogenic controls on seasonal and spatial variations of river water quality during baseflow in a coastal watershed of Southeast China. PLoS One, 9(2014), e91528.
  • Iqbal, J., Shah, N.S., Sayed, M., Muhammad, N. (2020). Deep eutectic solvent-mediated synthesis of ceria nanoparticles with the enhanced yield for photocatalytic degradation of flumequine under UV-C. J. Water Process. Eng., 33(2020), 101012.
  • Jiang, Y., Xu, X., Huang, Q., Huo, Z., Huang, G. (2016). Optimization regional irrigation water use by integrating a two-level optimization model and an agro-hydrological model. Agric. Water Manage., 178(2016), 76-88.
  • Korkanç, S.Y., Kayıkçı, S., Korkanç, M. (2017). Evaluation of spatial and temporal water quality in the Akkaya dam watershed (Niğde, Turkey) and management implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 129(2017), 481-491.
  • Köse, E., Çiçek, A., Emiroğlu, Ö., Tokatlı, C., Uğurluoğlu, A., Başkurt, S., Aksu, S., Uylaş, M. (2016). Water quality assessment of Porsuk stream basin. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 9(2016), 119-126.
  • Lehner, B., Döll, P. (2004). Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. Journal of Hydrology, 296(2004), 1-22.
  • Levidow, L., Zaccarla, D., Maia, R., Vivas, E., Yodorovic, M., Scardigno, A. (2014). Improving water-efficient irrigation: prospects and difficulties of innovative practices. Agric. Water Manage., 146(2014), 84-94.
  • Li, L., Iqbal, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, F., Chen, W., Wu, T., Du, Y. (2020). Chitosan/Al2O3-HA nanocomposite beads for efficient removal of estradiol and chrysoidin from aqueous solution. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 145(2020), 686-693.
  • Li, M., Xu, Y., Fu, O., Singh, V.P., Li, T. (2020). Efficient irrigation water allocation and its impact on agricultural sustainability and water scarcity under uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology, 586(2020), Article 124888.
  • Ouyang, Y. (2005). Evaluation of river water quality monitoring stations by principal component analysis. Water Res., 39(2005), 2621-2635.
  • Paca, J.M., Santos, F.M., Pires, J.C.M., Leitao, A.A., Boaventura, R.A.R. (2019). Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, 254(2019), Article 113037.
  • Rahman, M.M., Howladar, M.F., Hossain, M.A., Muzemder, A.T.M., Al Numanbakth, M.A. (2020). Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on water environment of tillai river and its surroundings, barapukuria thermal power plant. Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Groundw. Sustain. Dev., 10(2020), 100310.
  • Sarkar, S.K., Saha, M., Takada, H., Bhattacharya, A., Mishra, P., Bhattacharya, B. (2007). Water quality management in the lower stretch of the river Ganges, east coast of India: an approach through environmental education. J. Clean. Prod., 15(2007), 1559-1567.
  • Shirani, Z., Santhosh, C., Iqbal, J., Bhatnagar, A. (2018). Waste Moringa oleifera seed pods as green sorbent for efficient removal of toxic aquatic pollutants. J. Environ. Manag., 227(2018), 95-106.
  • Sommerwerk, N., Bloesch, J., Paunović, M., Baumgartner, C., Venohr, M., Schneider-Jacoby, M., Hein, T., Tockner, K. (2010). Managing the world’s most international river: the Danube River Basin. Mar. Freshwater Res., 61(2010), 736-748.
  • Subedi, N., Lähde, A., Abu-Danso, E., Iqbal, J., Bhatnagar, A. (2019). A comparative study of magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4) and graphene oxide modified magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4GO) nanocomposites for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 137(2019), 948-959.
  • Turan, F., Ülkü, G. (2013). Gökpınar ve Çürüksu Çaylarının Kirlilik Parametre ve Yüklerinin İzlenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2013), 133-144.
  • Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y. (2019). Water quality and sediment contamination assessment of Pazarsuyu Stream, Turkey using multivariate statistical methods and pollution indicators. Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res. (2019), 10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.09.001
  • Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y., Taş, B. (2020). Assessment of stream quality and health risk in a subtropical Turkey river system: A combined approach using statistical analysis and water quality index. Ecological Indicators, 113 (2020), Article 105815.
  • Wang, J., Sheng, Y., Tong, T.S.D. (2014). Monitoring decadal lake dynamics across the Yangtze Basin downstream of Three Gorges Dam. Remote Sensing of Environment, 152(2014), 251-269.
  • YSKY, 2010. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği, 30.11.2012 Tarih ve 28483 sayılı Resmi Gazete.
  • Zhao, M.M., Wang, S.M., Chen, Y.P., Wu, J.H., Xue, L.-G., Fan, T.T. (2020). Pollution status of the Yellow River tributaries in middle and lower reaches. Science of The Total Environment, 722(2020), Article 137861.
  • Zhou, F., Huang, G.H., Guo, H.C., Zhang, W., Hao, Z.J. (2007). Spatio-temporal patterns and source apportionment of coastal water pollution in eastern Hong Kong. Water Res., 41(2007), 3429-3439.

Investigation and Monitoring of The Water Quality at Downstream Side of Tunceli Uzuncayir Dam

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 19, 596 - 605, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.740012

Öz

In this study, water quality of surface waters of downstream from Tunceli Uzuncayir Dam was determined. The purpose of determining the water quality is to evaluate for what purpose the water mass downstream from the dams can or can not be used. In this context, waters that show “very good” water status, also referred to as high quality waters, are specified as Class-1 waters. These waters include surface waters with high potential for drinking water, water that can be used for recreational purposes, including those that require body contact, such as swimming, water that can be used for trout production, and water that can be used for animal production and farm needs. The waters showing the status of “good water”, which is also referred to as less polluted water, are referred to as Class-2 quality waters. These waters include surface waters with the potential to be drinking water, waters that can be used for recreational purposes, waters that can be used for fish production other than trout, and waters that can be used as irrigation water provided that they meet the irrigation water quality criteria determined by the regulation. In this study, surface water samples were taken in June, July, and August (Summer) in 2019 and the data obtained were compared with the water quality values given in the Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR). According to the results of the analysis, pH values were between 7.92-8.01 and the water quality class was determined as Class-1. Temperature values were show changes between 17.2-23.1oC. The electrical conductivity (EC) values took values between 322-384 µS/cm and the water quality class was determined as Class-1. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentrations determined between 0.91-1.26 mg/L and according to these results, water quality class was determined as Class-1. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations were between 2.1-3.5 mg/L while chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations ranged between 17.3-25.1 mg/L. As a result, it was determined that surface waters of downstream from Uzunçayır Dam are Class-1 quality in terms of pH, temperature, EC, NO3--N, BOD5 concentrations and Class-2 quality in terms of COD. 

Kaynakça

  • Arman, N.Z., Salmiati, S., Said, M.I.M., Aris, A. (2019). Development of macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index and establishment of biocriteria for river health assessment in Malaysia. Ecological Indicators, 104(2019), 449-458.
  • Azizullah, A., Khattak, M.N.K., Richter, P., Häder, D.P. (2011). Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health—a review, Environ. Int., 37(2011), 479-497.
  • Bashir, N., Saeed, R., Afzaal, M., Ahmad, A., Hameed, S. (2020). Water quality assessment of lower Jhelum canal in Pakistan by using geographic information system (GIS). Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10(2020), Article 100357.
  • Bloesch, J., Sandu, C., Janning, J. (2012). Challenges of an integrative water protection and river basin management policy: The Danube case. River Syst., 20(2012), 129-144.
  • Chapman, D.V., Bradley, C., Gettel, G.M., Hatvani, I.G., Varbiro, G. (2016). Developments in water quality monitoring and management in large river catchments using the Danube River as an example. Environmental Science & Policy, 64(2016), 141-154.
  • Crosa, G., Froebrich, J., Nikolayenko, V., Stefani, F., Gallid, P., Calamari, D. 2006. Spatial and seasonal variations in the water quality of the Amu Darya river (Central Asia). Water Res., 40(2006), 2237-2245.
  • Galán-Martín, A., Vaskan, P., Antón, A., Esteller, L.J., Gonzalo, G. (2017). Multi-objective optimization of rained and irrigated agricultural areas considering production and environmental criteria: a case study of wheat production in Spain. J. Clean. Prod., 140(2017), 816-830.
  • Güneş, E.H., Güneş, Y., Talınlı, İ. (2008). Toxicity evaluation of industrial and land base sources in a river basin. Desalination, 226(2008), 348-356.
  • Herdendorf, C.E. (1982). Large lakes of the world. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 8(1982), 379-412.
  • Herdendorf, C.E. (1990). Distribution of the world's large lakes. M.T. Max, C. Serruya (Eds.), Large lakes: Ecological structure and function, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (1990), 3-38s.
  • Ho, J.Y., Afan, H.A., El-Shafie, A.H., Koting, S.B., Mohd, N.S., Jaafar, W.Z.B., Hin, L.S., Malek, M.A., Ahmed, A.N., Melini, W.H., Mohtar, W., Elshorbagy, A., El-Shafie, A. (2019). Towards a time and cost effective approach to water quality index class prediction. Journal of Hydrology, 575(2019), 148-165.
  • Huang, J., Huang, Y., Zhang, Z. (2014). Coupled effects of natural and anthropogenic controls on seasonal and spatial variations of river water quality during baseflow in a coastal watershed of Southeast China. PLoS One, 9(2014), e91528.
  • Iqbal, J., Shah, N.S., Sayed, M., Muhammad, N. (2020). Deep eutectic solvent-mediated synthesis of ceria nanoparticles with the enhanced yield for photocatalytic degradation of flumequine under UV-C. J. Water Process. Eng., 33(2020), 101012.
  • Jiang, Y., Xu, X., Huang, Q., Huo, Z., Huang, G. (2016). Optimization regional irrigation water use by integrating a two-level optimization model and an agro-hydrological model. Agric. Water Manage., 178(2016), 76-88.
  • Korkanç, S.Y., Kayıkçı, S., Korkanç, M. (2017). Evaluation of spatial and temporal water quality in the Akkaya dam watershed (Niğde, Turkey) and management implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 129(2017), 481-491.
  • Köse, E., Çiçek, A., Emiroğlu, Ö., Tokatlı, C., Uğurluoğlu, A., Başkurt, S., Aksu, S., Uylaş, M. (2016). Water quality assessment of Porsuk stream basin. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 9(2016), 119-126.
  • Lehner, B., Döll, P. (2004). Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. Journal of Hydrology, 296(2004), 1-22.
  • Levidow, L., Zaccarla, D., Maia, R., Vivas, E., Yodorovic, M., Scardigno, A. (2014). Improving water-efficient irrigation: prospects and difficulties of innovative practices. Agric. Water Manage., 146(2014), 84-94.
  • Li, L., Iqbal, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, F., Chen, W., Wu, T., Du, Y. (2020). Chitosan/Al2O3-HA nanocomposite beads for efficient removal of estradiol and chrysoidin from aqueous solution. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 145(2020), 686-693.
  • Li, M., Xu, Y., Fu, O., Singh, V.P., Li, T. (2020). Efficient irrigation water allocation and its impact on agricultural sustainability and water scarcity under uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology, 586(2020), Article 124888.
  • Ouyang, Y. (2005). Evaluation of river water quality monitoring stations by principal component analysis. Water Res., 39(2005), 2621-2635.
  • Paca, J.M., Santos, F.M., Pires, J.C.M., Leitao, A.A., Boaventura, R.A.R. (2019). Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, 254(2019), Article 113037.
  • Rahman, M.M., Howladar, M.F., Hossain, M.A., Muzemder, A.T.M., Al Numanbakth, M.A. (2020). Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on water environment of tillai river and its surroundings, barapukuria thermal power plant. Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Groundw. Sustain. Dev., 10(2020), 100310.
  • Sarkar, S.K., Saha, M., Takada, H., Bhattacharya, A., Mishra, P., Bhattacharya, B. (2007). Water quality management in the lower stretch of the river Ganges, east coast of India: an approach through environmental education. J. Clean. Prod., 15(2007), 1559-1567.
  • Shirani, Z., Santhosh, C., Iqbal, J., Bhatnagar, A. (2018). Waste Moringa oleifera seed pods as green sorbent for efficient removal of toxic aquatic pollutants. J. Environ. Manag., 227(2018), 95-106.
  • Sommerwerk, N., Bloesch, J., Paunović, M., Baumgartner, C., Venohr, M., Schneider-Jacoby, M., Hein, T., Tockner, K. (2010). Managing the world’s most international river: the Danube River Basin. Mar. Freshwater Res., 61(2010), 736-748.
  • Subedi, N., Lähde, A., Abu-Danso, E., Iqbal, J., Bhatnagar, A. (2019). A comparative study of magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4) and graphene oxide modified magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4GO) nanocomposites for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 137(2019), 948-959.
  • Turan, F., Ülkü, G. (2013). Gökpınar ve Çürüksu Çaylarının Kirlilik Parametre ve Yüklerinin İzlenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2013), 133-144.
  • Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y. (2019). Water quality and sediment contamination assessment of Pazarsuyu Stream, Turkey using multivariate statistical methods and pollution indicators. Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res. (2019), 10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.09.001
  • Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y., Taş, B. (2020). Assessment of stream quality and health risk in a subtropical Turkey river system: A combined approach using statistical analysis and water quality index. Ecological Indicators, 113 (2020), Article 105815.
  • Wang, J., Sheng, Y., Tong, T.S.D. (2014). Monitoring decadal lake dynamics across the Yangtze Basin downstream of Three Gorges Dam. Remote Sensing of Environment, 152(2014), 251-269.
  • YSKY, 2010. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği, 30.11.2012 Tarih ve 28483 sayılı Resmi Gazete.
  • Zhao, M.M., Wang, S.M., Chen, Y.P., Wu, J.H., Xue, L.-G., Fan, T.T. (2020). Pollution status of the Yellow River tributaries in middle and lower reaches. Science of The Total Environment, 722(2020), Article 137861.
  • Zhou, F., Huang, G.H., Guo, H.C., Zhang, W., Hao, Z.J. (2007). Spatio-temporal patterns and source apportionment of coastal water pollution in eastern Hong Kong. Water Res., 41(2007), 3429-3439.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emine Işıl Arslan Topal 0000-0003-0309-7787

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan Topal, E. I. (2020). Tunceli Uzunçayır Barajı Mansap Tarafında Su Kalitesinin Araştırılması ve İzlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(19), 596-605. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.740012