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THE INFLUENCE OF POST-ANNEALING CdS THIN FILMS GROWN ON ZnO SEED LAYER FOR CdTe SOLAR CELLS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 109 - 115, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1194810

Öz

In this study, the effect of post-annealing temperature in CdS thin films grown on ZnO seed layer was investigated. CdS thin film and ZnO seed layer were coated by chemical bath deposition method and solution dropping technique, respectively. The structure of the post-annealed samples at 350°C and 400°C consisted of cubic CdS and CdSO3 oxide phases. As a result of recrystallization at 450°C, both hexagonal CdS and cubic CdO phases were formed. While the absorption edge was observed at around 500 nm in all samples, the best transmittance was observed in the sample annealed at 400°C. PL spectra proved the existence of defect types such as deep emission, sulfur vacancy for all samples. Ellipsometer measurements showed that the highest refractive index was in the sample annealed at 400°C. Among the samples, it was concluded that the most suitable window structure for CdTe solar cell applications is CdS thin film post-annealed at 400°C.

Teşekkür

A. Çiriş is grateful the support of Dr. Y. Atasoy for deposition and discussion process and Dr. M. Tomakin for the XRD, Optical and PL measurements.

Kaynakça

  • Z. Fang, X. C. Wang, H. C. Wu, and C. Z. Zhao, "Achievements and challenges of CdS/CdTe solar cells," International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2011, 2011.
  • S. G. Kumar and K. K. Rao, "Physics and chemistry of CdTe/CdS thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices: fundamental and critical aspects," Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 45-102, 2014.
  • J. Poortmans and V. Arkhipov, Thin film solar cells: fabrication, characterization and applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
  • X. Wu, "High-efficiency polycrystalline CdTe thin-film solar cells," Solar energy, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 803-814, 2004.
  • G. Khrypunov, A. Romeo, F. Kurdesau, D. L. Batzner, H. Zogg, and A. N. Tiwari, "Recent developments in evaporated CdTe solar cells," (in English), Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 664-677, Apr 14 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2005.04.003.
  • Y. Lee, W. Lee, Y. Kwon, G. Yeom, and J. Yoon, "Effects of CdS substrates on the physical properties of polycrystalline CdTe Films," Thin Solid Films, vol. 341, no. 1-2, pp. 172-175, 1999.
  • S. Yılmaz, Y. Atasoy, M. Tomakin, and E. Bacaksız, "Comparative studies of CdS, CdS: Al, CdS: Na and CdS:(Al–Na) thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis," Superlattices and Microstructures, vol. 88, pp. 299-307, 2015.
  • A. Hasnat and J. Podder, "Effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties of pure CdS thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique," 2012.
  • H. Moutinho et al., "Deposition and properties of CBD and CSS CdS thin films for solar cell application," Thin Solid Films, vol. 436, no. 2, pp. 175-180, 2003.
  • N. R. Paudel, C. Xiao, and Y. Yan, "Close-space sublimation grown CdS window layers for CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1991-1998, 2014.
  • N. Romeo, A. a. Bosio, and A. Romeo, "An innovative process suitable to produce high-efficiency CdTe/CdS thin-film modules," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 2-7, 2010.
  • S. Rondiya, A. Rokade, A. Funde, M. Kartha, H. Pathan, and S. Jadkar, "Synthesis of CdS thin films at room temperature by RF-magnetron sputtering and study of its structural, electrical, optical and morphology properties," Thin Solid Films, vol. 631, pp. 41-49, 2017.
  • H. Metin and R. Esen, "Annealing effects on optical and crystallographic properties of CBD grown CdS films," Semiconductor science and technology, vol. 18, no. 7, p. 647, 2003.
  • K. S. Ramaiah, R. Pilkington, A. Hill, R. Tomlinson, and A.-K. Bhatnagar, "Structural and optical investigations on CdS thin films grown by chemical bath technique," Mater Chem Phys, vol. 68, no. 1-3, pp. 22-30, 2001.
  • J. Lee, "Comparison of CdS films deposited by different techniques: Effects on CdTe solar cell," Applied Surface Science, vol. 252, no. 5, pp. 1398-1403, 2005.
  • J. Wang et al., "Influences of the CdS nanoparticles grown strategies on CdTe nanorods array films: A comparison between successive ionic layer absorption and reaction and chemical bath deposition," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 202, pp. 32-38, 2016.
  • X. Wu et al., "High-efficiency CTO/ZTO/CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells," National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO.(US), 2001.
  • R. Mane and C. Lokhande, "Chemical deposition method for metal chalcogenide thin films," Mater Chem Phys, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 1-31, 2000.
  • G. Kitaev, A. Uritskaya, and S. Mokrushin, "Conditions for the chemical deposition of thin films of cadmium sulphide on a solid surface," Russ J Phys, pp. 1101-1102, 1965.
  • J. A. García-Valenzuela, M. R. Baez-Gaxiola, and M. Cota-Leal, "Problems with the Adhesion of Chemical-solution-deposited Films? Solving the Problem of CdS Thin Film Adhesion with a Very Simple and Green Chemical Procedure," Chemistry Letters, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 177-181, 2022.
  • H. Moualkia, S. Hariech, and M. Aida, "Structural and optical properties of CdS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition," Thin Solid Films, vol. 518, no. 4, pp. 1259-1262, 2009.
  • L. Zhou, X. Hu, and S. Wu, "Effects of deposition temperature on the performance of CdS films with chemical bath deposition," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 228, pp. S171-S174, 2013.
  • A. S. Najm et al., "Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Thin Films: Influence of Sulphur Precursor Concentration on Microstructural and Optoelectronic Characterizations," Coatings, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1400, 2022.
  • I. Mohammed, G. M. Gubari, N. P. Huse, A. S. Dive, S.-H. Han, and R. Sharma, "Effect of Cd/S ratio on growth and physical properties of CdS thin films for photosensor application," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 9989-9996, 2020.
  • A. A. Prema et al., "Effect of Ammonia concentration on structural and optical properties of CdS thin films prepared by CBD method," International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol. 10, no. 3, 2017.
  • A. Kariper, E. Güneri, F. Göde, and C. Gümüş, "EFFECT OF PH ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CdS THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY CBD," Chalcogenide letters, vol. 9, no. 1, 2012.
  • S. Rondiya et al., "Effect of bath temperature on optical and morphology properties of CdS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition," Energy Procedia, vol. 110, pp. 202-209, 2017.
  • D. Byrne, E. McGlynn, K. Kumar, M. Biswas, M. Henry, and G. Hughes, "A study of drop-coated and chemical bath-deposited buffer layers for vapor phase deposition of large area, aligned, zinc oxide nanorod arrays," Crystal growth & design, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2400-2408, 2010.
  • H. Metin and R. Esen, "Annealing studies on CBD grown CdS thin films," Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 258, no. 1-2, pp. 141-148, 2003.
  • H. Pushpalatha, S. Bellappa, T. Narayanaswamy, and R. Ganesha, "Structural and optical properties of CdS thin film obtained by chemical bath deposition and effect of annealing," 2014.
  • A. Djelloul, M. Adnane, Y. Larbah, M. Zerdali, C. Zegadi, and A. Messaoud, "Effect of annealing on the properties of nanocrystalline CdS thin films prepared by CBD method," 2016.
  • İ. Polat, S. Yılmaz, İ. Altın, E. Bacaksız, and M. Sökmen, "The influence of Cu-doping on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanorods," Mater Chem Phys, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 528-532, 2014.
  • A. Çiriş et al., "Alloying and phase transformation in CdS/CdSe bilayers annealed with or without CdCl2," Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, vol. 91, pp. 90-96, 2019.
  • A. L. Patterson, "The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination," Physical Review, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 978-982, 1939, doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.56.978.
  • S. Yılmaz, İ. Polat, M. Olgar, M. Tomakin, S. Töreli, and E. Bacaksız, "Physical properties of CdS: Ga thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 3191-3199, 2017.
  • R. Kumar, R. Das, M. Gupta, and V. Ganesan, "Compositional effect of antimony on structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of chemically deposited (Cd1− xSbx) S thin films," Superlattices and microstructures, vol. 59, pp. 29-37, 2013.
  • P. Kumar et al., "SHI induced enhancement in green emission from nanocrystalline CdS thin films for photonic applications," Journal of luminescence, vol. 147, pp. 184-189, 2014.
  • K. Kaur, G. S. Lotey, and N. Verma, "Optical and magnetic properties of Fe-doped CdS dilute magnetic semiconducting nanorods," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2605-2610, 2014.
  • B. Ahmed, A. K. Ojha, and S. Kumar, "One-pot synthesis of Ni doped CdS nanosheets for near infrared emission and excellent photocatalytic materials for degradation of MB dye under UV and sunlight irradiation," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 179, pp. 144-154, 2017.
  • S. Yılmaz, İ. Polat, M. Tomakin, and E. Bacaksız, "Transparent and conductive CdS: Ca thin films for optoelectronic applications," Applied Physics A, vol. 126, no. 7, pp. 1-9, 2020.
  • W. Xiaochun et al., "Optical properties of nanometer-sized CdO organosol," Journal of materials research, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 604-609, 1998.
  • F. Lisco et al., "High rate deposition of thin film cadmium sulphide by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering," Thin Solid Films, vol. 574, pp. 43-51, 2015.
  • F. Lisco et al., "The structural properties of CdS deposited by chemical bath deposition and pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering," Thin solid films, vol. 582, pp. 323-327, 2015.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 109 - 115, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1194810

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Z. Fang, X. C. Wang, H. C. Wu, and C. Z. Zhao, "Achievements and challenges of CdS/CdTe solar cells," International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2011, 2011.
  • S. G. Kumar and K. K. Rao, "Physics and chemistry of CdTe/CdS thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices: fundamental and critical aspects," Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 45-102, 2014.
  • J. Poortmans and V. Arkhipov, Thin film solar cells: fabrication, characterization and applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
  • X. Wu, "High-efficiency polycrystalline CdTe thin-film solar cells," Solar energy, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 803-814, 2004.
  • G. Khrypunov, A. Romeo, F. Kurdesau, D. L. Batzner, H. Zogg, and A. N. Tiwari, "Recent developments in evaporated CdTe solar cells," (in English), Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 664-677, Apr 14 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2005.04.003.
  • Y. Lee, W. Lee, Y. Kwon, G. Yeom, and J. Yoon, "Effects of CdS substrates on the physical properties of polycrystalline CdTe Films," Thin Solid Films, vol. 341, no. 1-2, pp. 172-175, 1999.
  • S. Yılmaz, Y. Atasoy, M. Tomakin, and E. Bacaksız, "Comparative studies of CdS, CdS: Al, CdS: Na and CdS:(Al–Na) thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis," Superlattices and Microstructures, vol. 88, pp. 299-307, 2015.
  • A. Hasnat and J. Podder, "Effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties of pure CdS thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique," 2012.
  • H. Moutinho et al., "Deposition and properties of CBD and CSS CdS thin films for solar cell application," Thin Solid Films, vol. 436, no. 2, pp. 175-180, 2003.
  • N. R. Paudel, C. Xiao, and Y. Yan, "Close-space sublimation grown CdS window layers for CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1991-1998, 2014.
  • N. Romeo, A. a. Bosio, and A. Romeo, "An innovative process suitable to produce high-efficiency CdTe/CdS thin-film modules," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 2-7, 2010.
  • S. Rondiya, A. Rokade, A. Funde, M. Kartha, H. Pathan, and S. Jadkar, "Synthesis of CdS thin films at room temperature by RF-magnetron sputtering and study of its structural, electrical, optical and morphology properties," Thin Solid Films, vol. 631, pp. 41-49, 2017.
  • H. Metin and R. Esen, "Annealing effects on optical and crystallographic properties of CBD grown CdS films," Semiconductor science and technology, vol. 18, no. 7, p. 647, 2003.
  • K. S. Ramaiah, R. Pilkington, A. Hill, R. Tomlinson, and A.-K. Bhatnagar, "Structural and optical investigations on CdS thin films grown by chemical bath technique," Mater Chem Phys, vol. 68, no. 1-3, pp. 22-30, 2001.
  • J. Lee, "Comparison of CdS films deposited by different techniques: Effects on CdTe solar cell," Applied Surface Science, vol. 252, no. 5, pp. 1398-1403, 2005.
  • J. Wang et al., "Influences of the CdS nanoparticles grown strategies on CdTe nanorods array films: A comparison between successive ionic layer absorption and reaction and chemical bath deposition," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 202, pp. 32-38, 2016.
  • X. Wu et al., "High-efficiency CTO/ZTO/CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells," National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO.(US), 2001.
  • R. Mane and C. Lokhande, "Chemical deposition method for metal chalcogenide thin films," Mater Chem Phys, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 1-31, 2000.
  • G. Kitaev, A. Uritskaya, and S. Mokrushin, "Conditions for the chemical deposition of thin films of cadmium sulphide on a solid surface," Russ J Phys, pp. 1101-1102, 1965.
  • J. A. García-Valenzuela, M. R. Baez-Gaxiola, and M. Cota-Leal, "Problems with the Adhesion of Chemical-solution-deposited Films? Solving the Problem of CdS Thin Film Adhesion with a Very Simple and Green Chemical Procedure," Chemistry Letters, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 177-181, 2022.
  • H. Moualkia, S. Hariech, and M. Aida, "Structural and optical properties of CdS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition," Thin Solid Films, vol. 518, no. 4, pp. 1259-1262, 2009.
  • L. Zhou, X. Hu, and S. Wu, "Effects of deposition temperature on the performance of CdS films with chemical bath deposition," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 228, pp. S171-S174, 2013.
  • A. S. Najm et al., "Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Thin Films: Influence of Sulphur Precursor Concentration on Microstructural and Optoelectronic Characterizations," Coatings, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1400, 2022.
  • I. Mohammed, G. M. Gubari, N. P. Huse, A. S. Dive, S.-H. Han, and R. Sharma, "Effect of Cd/S ratio on growth and physical properties of CdS thin films for photosensor application," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 9989-9996, 2020.
  • A. A. Prema et al., "Effect of Ammonia concentration on structural and optical properties of CdS thin films prepared by CBD method," International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol. 10, no. 3, 2017.
  • A. Kariper, E. Güneri, F. Göde, and C. Gümüş, "EFFECT OF PH ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CdS THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY CBD," Chalcogenide letters, vol. 9, no. 1, 2012.
  • S. Rondiya et al., "Effect of bath temperature on optical and morphology properties of CdS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition," Energy Procedia, vol. 110, pp. 202-209, 2017.
  • D. Byrne, E. McGlynn, K. Kumar, M. Biswas, M. Henry, and G. Hughes, "A study of drop-coated and chemical bath-deposited buffer layers for vapor phase deposition of large area, aligned, zinc oxide nanorod arrays," Crystal growth & design, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2400-2408, 2010.
  • H. Metin and R. Esen, "Annealing studies on CBD grown CdS thin films," Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 258, no. 1-2, pp. 141-148, 2003.
  • H. Pushpalatha, S. Bellappa, T. Narayanaswamy, and R. Ganesha, "Structural and optical properties of CdS thin film obtained by chemical bath deposition and effect of annealing," 2014.
  • A. Djelloul, M. Adnane, Y. Larbah, M. Zerdali, C. Zegadi, and A. Messaoud, "Effect of annealing on the properties of nanocrystalline CdS thin films prepared by CBD method," 2016.
  • İ. Polat, S. Yılmaz, İ. Altın, E. Bacaksız, and M. Sökmen, "The influence of Cu-doping on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanorods," Mater Chem Phys, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 528-532, 2014.
  • A. Çiriş et al., "Alloying and phase transformation in CdS/CdSe bilayers annealed with or without CdCl2," Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, vol. 91, pp. 90-96, 2019.
  • A. L. Patterson, "The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination," Physical Review, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 978-982, 1939, doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.56.978.
  • S. Yılmaz, İ. Polat, M. Olgar, M. Tomakin, S. Töreli, and E. Bacaksız, "Physical properties of CdS: Ga thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 3191-3199, 2017.
  • R. Kumar, R. Das, M. Gupta, and V. Ganesan, "Compositional effect of antimony on structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of chemically deposited (Cd1− xSbx) S thin films," Superlattices and microstructures, vol. 59, pp. 29-37, 2013.
  • P. Kumar et al., "SHI induced enhancement in green emission from nanocrystalline CdS thin films for photonic applications," Journal of luminescence, vol. 147, pp. 184-189, 2014.
  • K. Kaur, G. S. Lotey, and N. Verma, "Optical and magnetic properties of Fe-doped CdS dilute magnetic semiconducting nanorods," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2605-2610, 2014.
  • B. Ahmed, A. K. Ojha, and S. Kumar, "One-pot synthesis of Ni doped CdS nanosheets for near infrared emission and excellent photocatalytic materials for degradation of MB dye under UV and sunlight irradiation," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 179, pp. 144-154, 2017.
  • S. Yılmaz, İ. Polat, M. Tomakin, and E. Bacaksız, "Transparent and conductive CdS: Ca thin films for optoelectronic applications," Applied Physics A, vol. 126, no. 7, pp. 1-9, 2020.
  • W. Xiaochun et al., "Optical properties of nanometer-sized CdO organosol," Journal of materials research, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 604-609, 1998.
  • F. Lisco et al., "High rate deposition of thin film cadmium sulphide by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering," Thin Solid Films, vol. 574, pp. 43-51, 2015.
  • F. Lisco et al., "The structural properties of CdS deposited by chemical bath deposition and pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering," Thin solid films, vol. 582, pp. 323-327, 2015.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klasik Fizik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ali Çiriş 0000-0003-4266-2080

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

IEEE A. Çiriş, “THE INFLUENCE OF POST-ANNEALING CdS THIN FILMS GROWN ON ZnO SEED LAYER FOR CdTe SOLAR CELLS”, (EJSET), c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 109–115, 2022, doi: 10.55696/ejset.1194810.