Isolation and characterization of salt tolerant bacteria from saline soils of Bangladesh

Year 2022, , 284 - 294, 01.10.2022

Hasna Hena Mariam Khanam Gkm Mustafizur Rahman Md. Safiul Islam Afrad Mohammad Saiful Alam

https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1108521

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Salinity is an important abiotic stress that limits the productivity of crops growing on the salt affected areas because excess salt concentration in the soil has detrimental effect on growth and development of plants. Beneficial microorganisms having the inimitable characteristics like tolerance to soil salinity, synthesis of plant growth hormones, facilitating nutrient uptake, bio-control ability and beneficial interaction with plants could be vital to address the problem. An experiment was carried out with the objectives of isolating and characterizing saline tolerant bacteria for utilizing as a tool for bioremediation. Soil samples were collected from three saline affected districts of Bangladesh viz. Khulna, Satkhira and Bhola. The highest bacterial population was found in Satkhira followed by Khulna and the lowest was found in Bhola. Eighteen (18) bacterial isolates viz. BU B1, BU B2, BU B3, BU B4, BU B5, BU B6, BU B7, BU B8, BU B9, BU S1, BU S2, BU S3, BU S4, BU S5, BU S6, BU S7, BU K1 and BU K2 were identified according to the colony color and shape. All the isolated bacteria showed positive response to produce IAA. Isolates BU S4, BU B7 and BU S1 showed highest IAA production ability. Among the 18 isolates, 12 were Gram positive and showed negative reaction on KOH test and the rest 6 isolates were Gram negative and showed positive reaction on KOH test. The isolates BU B1, BU B4, BU B6, BU S6, BU K1 and BU K2 were slow growing bacteria and the rest were fast grower. Biochemical tests indicate that 13 isolates were positive for catalase and P solubilization test. Whereas, 11 isolates could degrade the cellulose. For screening of bacterial isolates against NaCl tolerance, the isolates were cultured on NA medium having different salt concentrations. Experimental results reveal that all the isolates could tolerate 4.0% NaCl concentration except BU B6. Ten isolates showed the ability to tolerate NaCl up to 8.0%. The isolates BU B7 and BU S4 showed highest salinity tolerance along with better response to different biochemical characteristics. Therefore, these isolates may become promising for the bioremediation of soil salinity in the saline affected areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords

Salinity, bacteria, salinity tolerance, bioremediation

References

• Alam, M.S., Rahman, M., Rahman, G.K.M.M., Islam, M.M., 2015. Evaluation of Rhizobium isolates in terms of nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea. Bangladesh Journal of Soil Science 37(1): 35-45.
• Aneja, K.R., 2003. Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology and biotechnology. Fourth edition. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, India. 632p.
• Bouyoucos, G.J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Journal of Agronomy 54: 464-465.
• Bric, J.M., Bostock, R.M., Silversone, S.E., 1991. Rapid in situ assay for indole acetic acid production by bacteria immobilization on a nitrocellulose membrane. Applied Environmental Microbiology 57: 535–538.
• Bui, H.B., 2014. Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria, including actinomycetes, from coffee exocarps in coffee-producing areas in Vietnam. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 3(1): 48.
• Glick, B.R., Patten, C.L., Holguin, G., Penrose, G.M., 1999. Biochemical and genetic mechanisms used by plant growth promoting bacteria. Imperial College Press, London. 267p.
• Gordon, S.A., Weber, R.P., 1951. Colorimetric estimation of indole acetic acid. Journal of Plant Physiology 26(1): 192-195.
• Haque, S.A., 2006. Salinity problems and crop production in coastal regions of Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Botany 38(5): 1359-1365.
• Hossain, M.M., Rahman, G.K.M.M., Akanda, M.A.M., Solaiman, A.R.M., Islam, M.T., Rahman, M.M., 2021. Isolation, morphological and biochemical characterization of rhizobacteria from arsenic contaminated paddy soils in Bangladesh: An In vitro study. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 7(2): 41-55.
• Huq, S., Rabbani, G., 2011. Adaptation technologies in agriculture: The economics of rice-farming technology in climate—Vulnerable areas of Bangladesh. In: Technologies for Adaptation: Perspectives and Practical Experiences. Christiansen, L., Olhoff, A., Traerup, S. (Eds.). UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, Roskilde, Denmark. pp.97-108.
• Jackson, M.L., 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. 498p.
• Joseph, B., Patra, R.R., Lawrence, R., 2007. Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria associated with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Plant Production 1(2): 141-152.
• Ma, B., Gong, J., 2013. A meta-analysis of the publicly available bacterial and archaeal sequence diversity in saline soils. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 29(12): 2325-2534.
• MacFaddin, J.F., 2000. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria, Jones & Bartlett Learning; 3rd Ed. 912p.
• Mahdi, S.S., Talat, M.A., Dar, M.H., Hamid, A., Ahmad, L., 2012. Soil phosphorus fixation chemistry and role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in enhancing its efficiency for sustainable cropping - A review. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 6(4): 1905-1911.
• Moradi, A., Tahmourespour, A., Hoodaji, M., Khorsandi, F., 2011. Effect of salinity on free living- diazotroph and total bacterial populations of two saline soils. African Journal of Microbiology Research 5(2): 144-148.
• Nelson, D.W., Sommers. L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5.3. Sparks, D., Page, A., Helmke, P., Loeppert, R., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston C.T., Sumner M.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 961–1010.
• Nia, S.H., Zarea, M.J., Rejali, F., Varma, A., 2012. Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by salinity and inoculation with Azospirillum strains from saline or non-saline soil. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 11(2): 113–121.
• Rahman, G.K.M.M., Rahman, M.M., Alam, M.S., Kamal, M.Z., Mashuk, H.A., Datta, R., Meena, R.S., 2020. Biochar and organic amendments for sustainable soil carbon and soil health. In: Carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil. Datta, R., Meena, R., Pathan, S., Ceccherini, M. (Eds.). Springer, Singapore. pp. 45-85.
• Ramadoss, D., Lakkineni V.K., Bose, P., Ali, S., Annapurna, K., 2013. Mitigation of salt stress in wheat seedlings by halotolerant bacteria isolated from saline habitats. SpringerPlus 2: 6.
• Reiner, K., 2010. Catalase test protocol. American society for microbiology. Available at [Access date: 16.11.2021]: https://asm.org/getattachment/72a871fc-ba92-4128-a194-6f1bab5c3ab7/Catalase-Test-Protocol.pdf
• Rhoades, J.D., Chanduvi, F., Lesch, S., 1999. Soil salinity assessment: methods and interpretation of electrical conductivity measurement. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No: 57. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Rome, Italy. 166p.
• Richardson, A.E., 2001. Prospects for using soil microorganisms to improve the acquisition of phosphorus by plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28(9): 897-906.
• Saha, A., Santra, S.C., 2014. Isolation and characterization of bacteria isolated from municipal solid waste for production of industrial enzymes and waste degradation. Journal of Microbiology and Experimentation 1(1): 12-19.
• Sharma, A., Mishra, M., Shukla, A.K., Kumar, R., Abdin, M.Z., Chowdhuri, D.K., 2012. Organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan induced cellular and organismal response in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Hazardous Materials 221-222: 275-287.
• Shrivastava, P., Kumar, R., 2015. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 22(2): 123-131.
• Soil Survey Staff, 2011. Soil Survey Laboratory Information Manual. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 45, Version 2.0. Burt, R. (Ed.). US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 506p. Available at [Access date: 16.11.2021]: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052226.pdf
• Solaiman, A.R.M., Rabbani, M.G., Hossain, D., Hossain, G.M.A., Alam, M.S., 2012. Influence of phosphorus and inoculation with Rhizobium and AM fungi on growth and dry matter yield of chickpea. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 25(1): 23-32.
• SRDI, 2010. Coastal Saline Soils of Bangladesh. Soil Resources Development Institute. Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 96p.
• Suliasih., Widawati, S., 2020. Isolation of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) producing Bacillus siamensis from peat and optimization of the culture conditions for maximum IAA production. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 572, The 9th International Symposium for Sustainable Humanosphere 28 - 29 October 2019, Bogor, Indonesia. 572: 012025.
• Upadhayay, S.P., Pareek, N., Mishra, G., 2015. Isolation and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium strains from nodules of lentil and pea in Tarai agro-ecosystem, Pantnagar, India. Nusantara Bioscience 7(2): 73-76.
• Wahyudi, A.T., Astuti, R.P., Widyawati, A., Meryandini, A., Nawangsih, A.A., 2011. Characterization of Bacillus sp. strains isolated from rhizosphere of soybean plants for their use as potential plant growth for promoting Rhizobacteria. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 3(2): 34-40.
• Yao, L., Wu, Z., Zheng, Y., Kaleem, I., Li, C., 2010. Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. European Journal of Soil Biology 46(1): 49-54.